Organism
The sum of all the levels of organization, has multiple organ systems
Evolution
how organisms became different from each other over time
Adaptation
changes that help an organism succeed, can be physical or behavioral
Homologs
similarities in structure and behavior due to having a common ancestor
Environment
large community of plants and animals adapted to a specific climate
Natural Selection
When organisms with better adaptations to their environment survive and pass on those adaptations
Fitness
an organism's ability to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment
Cell
smallest basic unit of all living things, the first level of organizaion
Tissue
A group of the same kind of cells working together, our body has four main types of tissue
Organ
made up of multiple tissues working together, Each organ has a specific job.
Organ System
has many organs working together, each organ system has a unique job
Nervous System
Organ system that controls and coordinates the body by sending and receiving messages
Central Nervous System
Includes the brain and spinal cord, is the command center of the body where decisions are made
Peripheral Nervous System
All other nerves, sends and receives signals, relaying them to the CNS and sending out instructions from CNS
Digestive System
Body system that breaks down food to get energy and molecules for the body
Mouth
First organ in the digestive system, teeth and saliva break up food here
Esophagus
Muscular tube that pushes food from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach
Muscular organ that squeezes food and uses acids to break it down chemically
Small Intestine
Organ that absorbs digested food into the body using hair like structures
Large Intestine
Last part of the digestive system, absorbs food and gets waste ready for excretion, also holds bacteria
Skeletal System
Body system including all our bones. Helps us with movement, our structure, makes blood cells, protects our organs, and stores things
Ligament
Cordlike structure that connects bones to each other
Cartilage
Softer material at the end of bones, serves to pad joints
Joint
The point where two or more bones meet
Muscular System
Includes all out skeletal muscles, helps us with our movement and posture by moving our skeletal system
Tendon
Cordlike structure that connects bones to muscles, helps our muscles pull our bones to move them
Circulatory System
Organ system that transports oxygen, food, and waste around our body
Heart
Muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system
Blood Vessel
Long tubes that transport blood, consist of arteries, veins, and capillaries
Red Blood Cell
Small blood cell without a nucleus, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
White Blood Cell
Larger blood cell that fights off bacteria and viruses
Platelet
Small particles in blood that help your blood clot to plug up any holes
Respiratory System
Organ system that transports oxygen into our body and carbon dioxide out
Diaphragm
Muscle below the lungs that brings air in and pushes air out
Lungs
large organs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the air by diffusion
Diffusion
Process by which things move from high to low concentrations
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume, comes in one of 3 states
Atom
The smallest individual particles, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Molecule/Compound
multiple atoms come together to form a new substance
Exothermic Reaction
Chemical reaction where energy is released, usually as heat
Endothermic Reaction
Chemical reaction where energy is absorbed, usually as heat
Organelle
Little “organs” in eukaryote cells that have a specific job
Prokaryote
Single celled living things that doesn’t have a nucleus
Eukaryote
More advanced living things whose cells have a nucleus
Cell Membrane
Barrier separating the inside and outside of the cell, controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell Wall
Rigid barrier separating plant cells from outside, give support to the cells shape
Nucleus
Control center of the cell, contains the cell’s DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A group of membranes that move proteins and lipids around the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle that packages proteins and lipids for use in the cell
Ribosome
Organelle that creates proteins for the cell to use
Mitochondria
Organelle that produces energy for the cell by digesting food to get fuel
Vacuole
Sac in the cell that stores food, water, and waste
Chloroplast
Plant organelle that turns uses light to make food for the plant
Lysosome
Sac that contains digestive enzymes which break down food
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance that fills a cell, contains its organelles