Lecture 1:�Topic 9-10

Dr Tan Kok Wei

ELC612

Learning and Cognition

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the lecture, you should be able to:

1. Examine how individual difference and task types may have impact on learning and its outcomes
2. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (T9)
3. Boost motivation of learners (T9)
4. List and discuss the importance milestone of reading (10)

Motivation

• Motivation explains why people begin an action, how much effort they put into it, and how long they persist �

Intrinsic Motivation: From Within

• …for own pleasure, or challenge, without requiring external rewards or pressure.

Extrinsic Motivation: From outside

• …to earn a reward, meet an external expectation, or avoid punishment.

Motivation

Motivation

Increase Motivation

Provide choices

Moderately challenging

Grant autonomy and control

Encourage collaboration

Meaning construction

Apparent outcome, feedback or consequences

Reading

• While the earlier years of schooling emphasize on “learning to read”, we subsequently “read to learn”
1. Translating orthographic or marks on paper
2. Learning sound units and pronunciation
3. Underlining and highlighting may help focus
4. Knowing what is essential and whatnot
• The context often contains clues to figure out the meaning of an ambiguous word
• Various strategies have been designed to transform passive reading into active, deep comprehension of text

Reminder

Recap: The current lecture is rather concise, merely serve as an overview

Reminder: Should learned prior to this during your diploma or bachelor’s degree

Revise: If you can’t recall, revisit the content accordingly by referring to the main references

Reflect: Thinking more deeply and relate to your previous and recent experiences

Question?

Thanks