ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF MUSIC

What is MUSIC?

• is an aural art form consisting of organized sounds in time

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• is a form of expression, a means of communication

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• is a very much part of our lives. We use it for aesthetic, spiritual, social, cultural, therapeutic and recreational purposes

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Several reasons why we study music

• Music brings joy and satisfaction to all

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• Music is vitalizing factor for the other subjects in the school curriculum

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• Music supplies man’s potential power and energy for creative growth

Several reasons why we study music

• Music enhances and improve human relationships and character building

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• Music is the panacea for all woes

Music Education

• is not merely the teaching of music.

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• It is also relating of music to human life and promoting of its use and enjoyment.

Significance of Music Education

• reflected in the passage of the Music Education Law (RA 4723)-an act giving importance to the teaching of music in the curricular of elementary and secondary schools in 1966.

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• Through the singing of folksongs ….the child demonstrates love of country, the primary aim of Article XV of the Constitution, Sec. 8, No. 4.

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Objectives of Music Education

1. Enrich life experience through observation, exploration, discovery, cooperation and participation

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• Discover creative potentialities through singing, listening, playing, moving, reading and creating

Objectives of Music Education

3. Enhance visual and aural perception for aesthetic and intellectual value judgment

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4. Utilize music as an outlet for one’s feelings

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5. Gain acquaintance with music of different countries

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Objectives of Music Education

6. Develop fellowship for universal communication and social cohesion

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7. Awaken interest in global culture

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• Develop nationalistic spirit in adapting Philippine music

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Objectives of Music Education

9. Gain familiarity with the different styles of Philippine songs, dances, festivals, musical instruments

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• Involve community participation for a harmonious school-community relationship

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AREAS OF MUSIC INSTRUCTION

• SINGING
• LISTENING
• MOVING
• PLAYING
• READING
• CREATING

SINGING…

• Is the child’s outlet of his emotions and energy

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• Criteria in the selection of songs:
• Musical value
• Suitability to the grade level
• Suitability to the occasion
• Proper range
• Beauty of tone

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LISTENING…

• The first school experience with music is listening
• Several levels of listening
• Passive of receptive listening
• Exploratory listening
• Inner listening
• Normative listening
• Interpretative listening
• Analytic listening
• Remembered listening

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MOVING…

• Music encompasses mind, body and feeling
• Movement is a means of fostering human capacities for creativity, imagination and wisdom

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• Movement for spatial relations
• Rhythmic presentations
• Action songs
• Dance

PLAYING…

• Is an exhilarating experience to children in synchronizing expressive physical activities and to parade and display their developed physique and acquired skill

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READING…

• Is the ability to translate a system of formal arrangements of abstract symbols into meaningful patterns of sounds and movements

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CREATING…

• This activity enable the child to give expression to personal musical initiative and can bring to him a very intimate and revealing insight into significant values of music itself

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ACTIVITY:

CHANGE ONE LETTER

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1. tempt
2. heat
3. test
4. ripe
5. medal
6. ditch
7. sold
8. bolo
9. gone
10. blur

1. tempo
2. beat
3. rest
4. pipe
5. pedal
6. pitch
7. hold
8. solo
9. tone
10. slur

LITERARY – MUSICAL GAMES

ACTIVITY:

CHANGE ONE LETTER

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1. compost
2. line
3. pound
4. tuna
5. corner
6. chores
7. ford
8. marsh
9. top
10. ringer

1. composer
2. fine
3. sound
4. tune
5. cornet
6. chorus
7. form
8. march
9. pop
10. singer

LITERARY – MUSICAL GAMES

ACTIVITY:

ADD ONE LETTER

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1. pace
2. son
3. fort
4. cod
5. lent
6. ode
7. lye
8. not
9. vice
10. old

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1. space
2. song
3. forte
4. coda
5. lento
6. mode
7. lyre
8. note
9. voice
10. hold

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LITERARY – MUSICAL GAMES

How do we fully understand and appreciate any form of art?��

• it is important and necessary to know the materials used by the creative artists

MATERIALS USED BY THE CREATIVE ARTISTS

• PAINTERS

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• ARCHITECTS

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• SCULPTORS

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• COMPOSERS - ???

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Fundamentals of Music

• Rhythm
• Melody
• Harmony & Texture
• Form
• Timbre or Color
• Tempo
• Dynamics

RHYTHM (ritmo)

• BEAT
• Basic pulse of music
• ACCENT
• Emphasis on a sound indicated by >
• METER
• Regular occurrence of accented and unaccented beats
• Indicated by two symbols: time signature and the bar lines

The beat in music

RHYTHM (ritmo)

• Common Meters
• Duple meter
• Triple meter
• Quadruple meter

The beat in music

MELODIYA (melodiya)

• PITCH (antas ng tunog)
• Highness of lowness of sound

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• DURATION (katagalan)
• The length of time a sound occupies---how long or how short the sound is heard

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• The tune in music
• Made up of both rhythm and pitch

HARMONY (armonya)

• TRIAD (triad)
• Simple chord having 3 tones

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• CONSONANCE (konsonante)
• Agreeable and harmonious effect of chords such as major or minor

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• Simultaneous sounding of two or more tones

HARMONY (armonya)

• DISSONANCE (Disintonado)
• Combination of chords that has the effect of tension which usually resolves to a consonant chord like 7^th chords, augmented & diminished

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• BROKEN CHORD
• A chord in which the tones are played one after the other rather than simultaneously

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• Simultaneous sounding of two or more tones

TEXTURE (tekstura)

• MONOPHONY (monoponya)
• Single melodic line

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• POLYPHONY (poloponya)
• Two or more different lines being sung or played simultaneously

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• HOMOPHONY (homoponya)
• Melody with chordal accompaniment

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• Relationships between one or more “melodies” and other accompanying musical sounds

TEXTURE (tekstura)

• MIXED TEXTURE
• Polyphony and homophony

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• HETEROPHONY
• Two or more voices or instruments elaborating or improvising on the same melody at the same time

• Relationships between one or more “melodies” and other accompanying musical sounds

FORM (anyo)

• NOTE
• A musical sound or its symbol

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• MOTIVE
• The smallest part of a musical composition
• Self contained unit in music consisting of two or more successive notes which form a distinctive rhythmic, pitch or melodic pattern

• Is the structure/design in music

FORM (anyo)

• PHRASE
• A musical line that expresses a complete musical idea

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• PERIOD
• Formed when 2 phrases (antecedent and consequent phrases) are put together in question-and-answer form

• Is the structure/design in music

FORM (anyo)

• SECTION
• Formed from phrases and periods

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• UNITARY FORM
• Has only one section

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• STROPHIC FORM
• Has two or more sections that use the same tune but different lyrics

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• Is the structure/design in music

FORM (anyo)

• BINARY FORM
• Has two contrasting section (AB)

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• TERNARY FORM
• Has three sections, the third similar to the first (ABA)

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• RONDO FORM
• Has contrasting sections in between repetitions of the A section (ABACA)

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TIMBRE/COLOR (timbre)

• CLASSIFICATION OF VOICE
• Soprano
• Alto
• Tenor
• Bass
• Baritone
• Contralto

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Tone quality

TIMBRE/COLOR (timbre)

• CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS

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• Aerophones
• Chordophones
• Idiophones
• Membranophones
• Electrophones

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Tone quality

TEMPO (tyempo)

The speed in music

DYNAMICS (dynamika)

Loudness and softness of sound

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Group 1 Create movements

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Group 2 Dramatize a song

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Group 3 Change words of the song

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Group 4 Create partner songs

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GROUP ACTIVITY:

SALAMAT PO!!!

MILDRED Z. GALLENO

Tayabas East Central School II

Tayabas East District

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