Heru Susetyo, SH. LL.M.M.Si. Ph.D�

Anak

& Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak �dalam�Konvensi Hak Anak

Kuliah Hukum

& HAM

FHUI, Maret 2020

Hak Anak adalah Hak Asasi Manusia

HAK ASASI MANUSIA�(Vienna Declaration & Program of Action 1993)

CONTOH

KASUS-KASUS HAK ANAK

CRC Mandala/Bhutan Chapter

• Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November 1989
• Prosesnya telah dimulai sejak tahun 1979 dengan penetapan International Year of the Child
• Jauh sebelumnya, Declarations of the Rights of the Child telah diadopsi oleh League of Nations (1924) dan United Nations (1959)

Konvensi Hak Anak

• Adalah Konvensi yang paling banyak diratifikasi di dunia
• Tahun 1990 20 negara meratifikasi
• Akhir tahun 1990 sudah 57 negara
• Pada 31 December 1995 telah 185 negara meratifikasi

Prinsip Pemberlakuan CRC

• Has the same meaning for people in all parts of the world.
• While laying down common standards, the Convention takes into account the different cultural, social, economic and political realities of individual states.
• Each state may seek its own means to implement the rights common to all

Peluang dan tantangan CRC

PRINSIP UNIVERSAL CRC

1. NON DISCRIMINATION
2. BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD
3. THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT
4. THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD

NON DISCRIMINATION

• No child should suffer discrimination
• This applies to every child, irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, colour, sex,language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status.

BEBAS DISKRIMINASI

• TANPA MEMANDANG

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Anak Indonesia

BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD

• When the authorities of a state take decisions which affect children, the best interest of children must be a primary consideration.

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THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL �AND DEVELOPMENT

• The right to life article includes formulations about the right to survival and to development, which should be ensured : to the maximum extent possible
• The term ‘development’ should be intepreted in a broad sense, adding a qualitative dimension: not only physical health is intended, but also mental,emotional, cognitive, social and cultural development.

THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD

• Children should be free to have opinions in all matters affecting them and those views should be given due weight : “in accordance with the age and maturity of the child”
• Children have the right to be heard and to have their views taken seriously, including in any judicial or administrative proceedings affecting them.

Siapa yang Memonitor CRC?

• Human Rights Council
• Committee on ECOSOC Rights
• Committe on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
• Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
• Committee Against Torture
• Committee on the Rights of the Child

Mengimplementasikan CRC : Kewajiban Negara

• Pasal 4 : undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures to implement the Convention.
• Undertake such measures to the maximum extent of their available resources and , where needed, within the framework of international cooperation
• Review its legislation and ensure that laws are consistent with the convention

Mengimplementasikan CRC : Kewajiban Negara (2)

• Mechanisms may be introduced at the national and local levels to coordinate policies and monitor the implementation of the convention.
• The political decision-making process is important
• Are there opportunities for children themselves and their representatives t make themselves heard?

Mengimplementasikan CRC : Kewajiban Negara (3)

• Education and training of personnel working with children
• Disseminating children rights provisions in understandable languages to the people
• Priority should be given to childrenm

Kementerian/Lembaga Mana?

Satu issue menarik : Kota Layak Anak

• Proses membangun Kota Layak Anak ini memiliki sembilan elemen antara lain : (1) partisipasi anak; (2) kerangka hukum yang ramah anak; (3) Strategi pemenuhan hak-hak anak di skala kota; (4) Unit Hak-Hak Anak atau adanya mekanisme koordinasi; (5) Adanya evaluasi dan child impact assessment; (6) Anggaran Pro Anak; (7) Laporan berkala kota tentang kondisi anak; (8) Peningkatan kesadaran terhadap hak-hak anak di kalangan anak maupun orang dewasa; (9) Adanya upaya advokasi independen untuk anak.

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• Personal and community safety – feeling secure at home, on the streets and in the neighborhood
• .Human dignity – being treated with respect and compassion.
• Personal wellness and health – living a better, longer life.
• Environmental integrity – designing with nature and ensuring sustainability of the physical environment.
• Social justice – the right of all to participate in life.
• An attractive city – being a showcase for civic pride.
• Quality experiences – having enjoyable and worthwhile events, activities and learning.

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• Petaturan Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang Kebijakan Pengembangan Kabupaten/Kota Layak (Permen 11/2011).
• Ketentuan ini kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan dibentuknya indikator kabupaten/kota layak anak dalam Peraturan Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang Indikator Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak (Permen 12/2011).
• Dalam peraturan tersebut, yang dimaksud dengan Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak adalah kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai sistem pembangunan berbasis hak anak melalui pengintegrasian komitmen dan sumberdaya pemerintah, masyakarat dan dunia usaha yang terencana secara menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan dalam kebijakan, program dan kegiatan untuk menjamin terpenuhinya hak anak.
• Adapun dalam Permen 21 Tahun 2011 ditetapkan adanya 31 indikator Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak sebagai acuan untuk kebijakan pengembangan pemenuhan hak anak.

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LEVEL KLA

• “Children are the living messages we send to a time we will not see.” – John F. Kennedy

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• “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.

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