1 of 24

Respiratory System

2 of 24

Functions

Gas Exchange

1.

2.

Protection

1.

2.

Speech and Smell

3 of 24

Breathing

Process of obtaining and releasing gases

​

4 of 24

Why is it necessary to bring in oxygen?

5 of 24

Why is it necessary to breathe out Carbon dioxide?

6 of 24

The Pathway of Air

7 of 24

Alveoli

700 million in lungs

  • Why so many tiny structures
  • Surrounded by capillaries. Why?

8 of 24

Mucus and Cilia

Why is mucus so important?

​

Cilia- microscopic hairs

Functions of cilia?

9 of 24

Breathing

  • Inhalation
  • Exhalation
  • Occurs because of pressure differences
  • Air goes from high to low pressure

10 of 24

Inhalation

Process of Drawing air into lung

  • Ribs move up
  • Chest moves out
  • Diaphragm moves down

​

11 of 24

Exhalation

Process of releasing air (breathing out

  • Diaphragm moves up (relaxes)
  • Ribs relax (down)
  • Chest in

12 of 24

Why do we get hiccups?

Hiccups

​

Lung Expansion

13 of 24

Total Lung Capacity

  • Maximum volume that lungs contain
  • Factors that affect it?
  • Calculated using a spirometer

​

14 of 24

Calculating Lung Volume

  • Tidal volume (TV) - normal inhale and exhale
  • Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
  • Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
  • Residual Volume
  • TLC = TV +IRV + ERV + RV

​

15 of 24

Calculating Lung Volume

Vital capacity(VC) = volume of air you can forcefully inhale or exhale

  • VC= TV + IRV + ERV
  • Respiratory rate = how fast you breathe, number of breaths per minute

16 of 24

Respiratory Rate

  • Controlled by nerve receptors in brain and cardiovascular system
  • monitor Carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
  • What happens if there is too much carbon dioxide? Too little?

​

17 of 24

Controlling Respiratory Rate

  • Cardiovascular system detects abnormal gas levels
  • Sends message to brain
  • Brain sends message to ribs and diaphragm
  • Stimulates to increase or decrease respiratory rate

18 of 24

Hyperventilation

  • rapid breathing, causes Carbon dioxide levels to drop too low
  • makes blood ph increase
  • breathe through pursed lips
  • close mouth, block one nostril, and breathe through only one nostril

​

19 of 24

Oxygen Transport

20 of 24

Carbon Dioxide Transport

21 of 24

Asthma

What is it?

What causes it?

Treatments

  • steroids
  • bronchodilators

22 of 24

COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • Emphysema
    • Chronic Bronchitis
  • What happens
    • alveoli loses elasticity
    • walls between alveoli become destroyed
    • Thick and inflamed airways
    • Too much mucus

23 of 24

COPD

  • Causes?
  • Treatments?

​

24 of 24

Lung Cancer