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Gateway To Japan

Class 25

CLASS 25

Class 25

• けいたい　でんわ
• てがみ
• ほん
• かいもの
• くつ
• しゅくだい
• おんがく
• テレビ
• 日本語　の　べんきょう
• まんが
• ざっし
• にっき
• えいが
• Eメール
• ラジオ
• しんぶん

Make Sentences with nouns from the left matched to sentence endings on the right.

1. ＿＿を　します

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1. ＿＿を　かきます

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1. ＿＿を　よみます

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1. ＿＿　を　ききます

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1. ＿＿　を　かいます�
2. ＿＿を　みます

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Class 25

しゃべりましょう * Let’s Chat

Use　そして and

それから

Class 25

クラス を はじめましょう

• Particle Summary
• Revision
• Question Words

Class 25

Summary

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PARTICLES

THE WORDS THAT HOLD A JAPANESE SENTENCE TOGETHER

Class 25

The function of particles

• Particles in Japanese join parts of the sentence together.

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• A particle can tell us a lot about the word before it.

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Particles – a summary

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は

Note: This particle is actually written with hiragana “ha”

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The Topic Marker は

• は　[wa] tells us the topic of the sentence.

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• It tells us WHAT is being discussed.

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• It is hard to translate into English but it is similar to saying ‘as for …’.

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Examples for は

• ぼく　は　１２さい　です。
• I am 12 years old. (As for me, I’m 12).

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• ひろ　は　せんせい　です。
• Hiro is a teacher. (As for Hiro, [he’s] a teacher.

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The Possessive の

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The Possessive の

• の　[no] can act like ‘apostrophe s’ in English.

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• It tells us who owns something.

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• It also serves to join 2 nouns together when they relate to each other. Eg. Tomorrow morning, Tuesday next week, and so on.

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Examples for の

• ぼく　の　なまえ　は　ひろ　です。
• My name is Hiro.

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• せんせい　の　ほん　です。
• It is the teacher’s book.

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• にほんご　の　せんせい。
• Japanese Teacher (teacher of Japanese)

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The object marker を

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The object marker を

• を　[wo] tells us the object of the verb.
• If the verb is ‘do’, it tells us what we are doing. If the verb is ‘eat’, it tells us what we are eating.

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• ‘Eat a hamburger’ – hamburger is the object
• ‘Play tennis’ – tennis is the object.

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Examples for を

• まど　を　あけてください。
• Please open the door.

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• ひろ　は　おんがく　を　ききます。
• Hiro listens to music.

Class 25

Action Words (Verbs)

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• いきます　 to go
• します　　　 to do
• みます　　 to watch / see/ look　
• かいます to buy
• よみます to read
• ききます to listen

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Class 25

Action Words (Verbs)

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• いきます　 go
• します　　 do
• みます　　 watch / see/ look　
• かいます buy
• よみます read
• ききます listen

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Class 25

Action Words (Verbs) Rule No1

• to read, to buy, to watch, to do, to go, to listen….

～ます

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How would you say…..

• I eat.

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How would you say…..

• I eat.

わたし は　たべます。

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How would you say…..

• I eat.

わたし は　たべます。

I eat

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How would you say….

• I drink.

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How would you say….

• I drink.
• わたしは　のみます。

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How would you say….

• I go.

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How would you say….

• I go.

わたしは　いきます。

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Then how would you add:�

what you eat (e.g. breakfast)

what you drink(e.g. milk)

what you make (e.g. lunch)

what you put on (e.g. uniform)

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N.B. These are called ‘Objects’

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Class 25

Adding ‘Objects’ to a sentence

Let’s check if you understand what the objects are.

Which words are objects in the following sentences?

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I eat cakes.

I put on uniform.

I drink cola.

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Objects Marker を

Let’s check if you understand what are the objects.

Which words are objects in the following sentences:

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I eat cakes.

I drink cola.

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Objects Marker を

To add Objects (what you eat, what you drink etc.) to a sentence, you need to mark the object with を (object marker)

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Objects Marker を

I eat cake.

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わたしは　ケーキを　たべます。

　I　　　 cake eat

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How would you say…

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I drink cola.

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​

わたしは　コーラを　のみます。

I cola drink

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I drink cola.

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Adding the time of the action:

Mark the time with　‘Time marker に(at)’

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at 8 o’clock 8じに

at 1 o’clock 1じに

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わたしは　 8じに　あさごはんを　たべます。

I at 8 o’clock breakfast eat

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Movement “to” a place

に

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The particle に

1. に　[ni] tells us the place we are going to.

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Example:

1. かわ　に　いきます。 Go to the river

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Time “at” which something occurs

に

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The particle に

1. It also tells us the time we do something. It comes after the TIME or DAY of the week.

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Example:

1. ろくじ　に　おきます。 Wake up at 6:00

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Class 25

The “location” of something:

“in” / “on”

に

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The particle に

1. It also indicates the location of something. “on the table” etc.

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Example:

1. いす　の　うえ　に　あります。　It is on the chair.

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“Also”

も

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The particle も

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• も means “also”

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• It can replace を or は but can be used together with に or へ

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Examples for も

• すし を たべます。さしみ　も　たべます。

I eat sushi. I also eat sashimi.

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• とうきょう　に　いきます。おおさか　にも　いきます。

I will go to Tokyo.　I will also go to Osaka.

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What you use to do something

で

で

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Where u do de activityで

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で

How you get somewhere

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The particle で

• で tells us how we get somewhere.

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• Like “by means of”, “using”

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• Tells us “where” we do something
• Listen to music in de house!!!

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Examples for で

• バス　で　いきます。
• Go by bus.

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• ぎんこう　で　はたらいています。
• Work at the bank.

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• こうえん　で　あそびます。
• Play in the park.

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“and” between nouns

と

“with” after a person / animal

と

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The particle と

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• と is used between nouns to mean “and”

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• と also indicates who or what you do something “with”

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Examples for と

• いす　と　つくえ　が　あります。
• There is a chair and a desk.

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• いぬ　と　あそびます。
• Play with the dog.

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• あした、ともだち　と　テニスを　します。
• Tomorrow, I will play tennis with my friend.

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Class 25

Particles

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Particles

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Particle de ni ga

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Particle de ni ga

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Particles

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Particles

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Particles

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Particles

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Class 25

Question Words for Time References

You can ask questions by using “いつ(itsu)” for “when”, however, you may want to ask more specific time references such as “what day of the week”, “what month”, and so on. You can ask so by using specific question words for each time expression as below.

Q: ^{オリンピックは いつですか。}

When will the Olympic be?

Q: ^{おまつりは いつですか。}

When is the festival?

Q: ^{パーティーは いつでしたか。}

When was the party?

Q: ^{かいぎは いつですか。}

When will the meeting be?

what year

what month

what day of

the week

オリンピックは

なんねん

ですか。

What year will the Olympic be?

A: 2012ねんです。

It will be in 2012.

おまつりは

なんがつ

ですか。

What month is the festival?

A: 9がつです。

It will be in September.

パーティーは

なんにち

でしたか。

What day was the party?

A: 25にちでした。

It was on 25th.

かいぎは

なんようび

ですか。

What day of the week will the meeting be?

A: どようびです。

It will be on Saturday.

Class 25

Time References without the Particle “に(ni)” before verbs

As we learned you DO NOT use the particle “に(ni)” with；

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1. time expressions defined relative to the present moment, such as "きょう (kyou)", “こんしゅう(konshuu)”, “せんげつ(sengetsu)”, and "らいねん(rainen)",

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あした いきます。 (I will go tomorrow.)

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2. time expressions describing regular intervals, such as "まいにち(mainichi/

every day)", “まいあさ(maiasa/every morning)”, and “まいしゅう(maishuu/

every week)”,

まいにち こうえんに いきますます。 (I go to the park every day.)

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3. the word for "いつ(itsu/when)".

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いつ きますか。 (When will you come?)

Class 25

Time References with the Particle “に(ni)” before verbs

You USE the particle “に(ni)” with；

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1. the days of the week like "on Sunday".

にちようびに こうえんに いきました。 (I went to the park on sunday.)

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2. numerical time expressions, like "at 10:40", “on 25th”, "in September(9-gatsu)" and “in 2011”.

スミスさんは １０じ４０ぷんに きます。 (Mr. Smith will come at 10:40.)

ブラウンさんは ９がつに イギリスに かえります。

�(Ms. Brown will go back to England in September.)

(3) numerical calendar dates like “on September 25th, 2011”, we state the year first then the month and the date follow, and the particle “に(ni)” ONLY comes after the last time expression.

2011ねん ９がつ ２５にちに かえります。 (I will go back on September 25th in 2011.)

Class 25

The Particle “に(ni)” picks specific time references

day

there are 24 hours a day

then specifying with “に”

あした(の) ごご３じに いきます。

I will go tomorrow at 3pm.

あした いきます。

I will go tomorrow.

(what time tomorrow ?

→ at 3pm)

week

there are 7days a week

then specifying with “に”

せんしゅう(の) どようびに きました。

I came on Saturday last week.

_{せんしゅう きました。} (what day of last week ?

I came last week.

→ on Saturday)

month

there are 28 ~ 31 days a month

then specifying with “に”

らいげつ(の) ２５にちに いきます。

I will go next month on 25th.

then specifying with “に”

らいげつ いきます。

I will go next month.

(what date of next month ?

→ on 25th)

year

there are 12 months a year

ことし かえります。

I will return this year.

(what month of this year ?

→ in September)

ことし(の) ９がつに かえります。

I will return this year in September.

Class 25

day

month

year

day of the week

time

いきます。

＝ I will go.

2011ねんに いきます。

I will go in 2011.

2011ねん(の) 9がつに いきます。

I will go in September in 2011.

2011ねん(の) 9がつ(の) 25にちに いきます。

2011ねん(の) 9がつ(の) 25にち(の) どようびに いきます。

I will go at on September 25th Saturday in 2011.

2011ねん(の) 9がつ(の) 25にち(の) どようび(の) ごご３じに いきます。

I will go at 3pm on September 25th Saturday in 2011.

I will go on September 25th in 2011.

＋

＋

＋

＋

When we use multiple time expressions that require the particle “に(ni)” in one sentence, “に(ni)” ONLY comes after the last one.

The particle “の(no)” are replaced with “に(ni)” except the last one in a sentence that contains multiple time expressions, by the way, we normally omit “の(no)” to make a sentence simple.

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The order of multiple time expressions in a sentence usually goes as below.

no time expression

＋

＝

＝

＝

＝

＝

day

month

year

day of the week

time

に Verb

(の)

(の)

(の) (の)

Class 25

Question Words for Time References before verbs

When you ask with specific question words for actions(verbs), you have to add the particle “に(ni)” after each question word .

^{いつ かえりますか。 year} Q: ^{なんねん に かえりますか。What year will you return?} When will you return?

A: ^{2011ねんに かえります。}

いつ きましたか。 month

When did you come?

Q:

A:

なんがつ

に きましたか。 ^{Which month did you come?}

9がつに きました。

I came in September.

いつ いきますか。 day

When will you go?

Q:

A:

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Q:

A:

_{なんにち に いきますか。} What day will you go?

25にちに いきます。

I will go on 25th?

いつ きますか。

When will you come?

day of the week

なんようび

_{に きますか。} Which day of the week will

どようびに きます。 I will come on Saturday.

you come?

Note that you donʼt need the particle “に(ni)” when you ask about events.

たんじょうびは いつですか。

When is your birthday?

Q: ^{たんじょうびは なんがつ なんにち ですか。} A: 9がつ 25にちです

Class 25

Means of Transportation

でんしゃ ちかてつ くるま

スミスさんは おおさかししゃに いきます。

タクシー しんかんせん

(pr^ひon^こou^うnc^きe as

Mr. Smith will go to Osaka branch office.

スミスさんは しんかんせんで おおさかししゃに いきます。

Mr. Smith goes to will go to Osaka branch office by Shinkansen.

_{ブラウンさんは ９がつに ひこうきで にほんに きました。} Ms. Brown came to Japan in September

by airplane.

You can ask means of transportation with the question word “なん” + で ( = by what ).

Q: スミスさんは なんで おおさかししゃに いきますか。

_{A: しんかんせんで いきます。} He will go by Shinkansen.

By what means will Mr. Smith go to Osaka

branch office?

_{Q: ブラウンさんは ９がつに なんで にほんに きましたか。} By what means did Ms. Brown come to

A: ひこうきで きました。

She came by airplane.

Japan in September?

Class 25

You can state means of transportation such as “by train” and “by taxi” with the particle “で(de)”, however, you do not need it when you donʼt take any transportation but walking. In this case you use “あるいて(aruite)” as “on foot.

スミスさんは かいしゃに いきます。

Mr. Smith goes to the office.

スミスさんは バスで かいしゃに いきます。 ^{Mr. Smith goes to the office by bus.}

_{スミスさんは あるいて バスていに いきます。} Mr. Smith goes to the bus stop on foot.

あるいて

(doesnʼt require any particle)

A means of transportation usually be placed right before the destination in a sentence as below:

subject

は

Time expressions

(に)

companion

と

means of transportation

で

place

に

verb

ます。 ました。

わたしは にちようびに ともだちと しんかんせんで きょうとに いきます。

I will go to Kyoto with a friend by Shinkansen on Sunday.

Class 25

In Japanese, word order is flexible!(unlike English)

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So you can insert ‘time of the action wherever you like as long as action words (verbs) come at the end of the sentence.

Class 25

SO, YOU CAN SAY EITHER:

• I eat breakfast at 8 o’clock.

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わたしは　 8じに　あさごはんを　たべます。

I at 8 o’clock breakfast eat

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OR

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8じに わたしは　　あさごはんを　たべます。

at 8 o’clock I breakfast eat

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Class 25

SUMMARY

• Verbs end with ‘ます’　
• Verbs come at the end
• Doer is marked with ‘は’
• Objects needs to be marked with‘を’　
• Time needs to be marked with‘に’
• Japanese word order is flexible
• Personは +Timeに +Objectを +Verb(ます)。

Class 25

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しつもんがありますか。

DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?

Class 25

Who?

• だれ

Class 25

What?

• なに
• なん

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When?

• いつ

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Where?

• どこ

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How?

• どう

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How much?

• いくら

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How many?

• いくつ

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How? �(By what means?)

• どうやって
• なんで

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しゅくだい

• Practice all Worksheets
• Particle Worksheets

Class 25

Gateway To Japan

gatewaytojapan

(+91) 82489 26385

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https://www.gatewaytojapan.co.in/

​

Gateway To Japan

Class 25