Folk crafts of Vladimir region
Made by: Artem Kovalenko
Group: GD-121
Teacher: Boroznyak I.V.�
Federal State Budgetary Professional Educational Institution of Vladimir Region
«Kovrov Technology and Humanities College»
Pottery craft
There were many pottery workshops in Russia, which products differed from each other in shape, size, and firing technology. Pottery was considered the most honorable and important craft, which was constantly developing and improving. One of the centers of pottery production on Vladimir land was the village of Korovino in Melenkovsky district.
Vladimir region has long been famous for crafts related to the artistic processing of wood. Already in the XV-XVI centuries in many Russian cities, the production of wooden chiseled and carved dishes, painted with various colours and drawings, was widely developed. Handicrafts were highly appreciated at All-Russian and international handicraft industry fairs.
Vladimir patterns
On Vladimir land, as throughout Russia since ancient times, homemade rag dolls were not only children's toys, but also performed a certain symbolic function: they were used for rituals and served as amulets. Created by people, dolls are part of the culture of the people, preserve its characteristic features and identity. Traditional ritual dolls embody such values as life, procreation, health, family, work, kindness, beauty, etc. Ritual dolls were revered by placing them in the most important places in the huts, giving them a certain protective power. There could be more than a dozen dolls in the house, they were carefully stored, passed from the elders to the younger ones, and even were part of the dowry.
Ritual dolls
Argun wood carving, rooted in the XVIII century, glorified carpentry and carpentry crafts of Vladimir land. It was so named after the village of Argunovo, which was inhabited by skilled carpenters. Argunovo, which was the center of the parish (does not exist today), was located on the territory of the present Petushinsky district, in the middle course of the Kirzhach River. The main occupation of the peasants of Argunovsky parish of Pokrovsky district of Vladimir province was not farming, but carpentry. In the XIX century. thousands of Argun carpenters annually went to work in large cities, and became widely known outside their province – in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, where they were called arguns. In his famous dictionary, V.I. Dahl explains the word "argun" as "Vladimir carpenter".
Argun carving
One of the well–known artistic crafts of Vladimir land is the Msterа embroidery. The art of Mstera embroiderers has been known since the XVII century . It has been carefully preserved and developed as a direction of modern decorative and applied art. Msterа embroidery is famous for the fact that products with it, without having a face and a wrong side, look beautiful on both sides. Elegant small patterns of floral ornament, openwork images of human figures and architectural forms are skillfully created by Moscow craftswomen.
Msterа embroidery
The first gingerbread in Russia was called "honey bread" and appeared in the IX century. They were a mixture of rye flour with honey and berry juice, and honey in them was almost half of all other ingredients. Later, forest herbs and roots began to be added to the "honey bread", and in the XII-XIII centuries, when exotic spices brought from India and the Middle East began to appear in Russia, the gingerbread got its name (from other-Russian. pyryan – spicy) and almost finally took shape into the delicacy that is known today.�
Pokrovsky gingerbread
The horn in Russia has long served as a signal instrument. With the sound of a horn, people were gathered to report important news, notified of the arrival of mail delivered by coachmen. Hunting took place under the sounds of the horn. The horn was sounded during military operations and ceremonial ceremonies. Since the 10th century, the horn has been mentioned in oral folk art (songs, epics, legends), its image is found in ancient chronicle vaults and fresco painting.�
Vladimir Horn
Pottery has long been widely developed on the banks of the Klyazma River, rich in deposits of unique natural material – red and blue clay. Archaeological research in 1925 in Kovrovsky district (on the site of the ancient Russian town of Starodub-na-Klyazma, where the village of Klyazminsky Gorodok is now located) testifies to the development of pottery here in the XII-XIV centuries. Along with pottery, local craftsmen also traditionally made toys: whistles of various shapes, figurines depicting people, animals and birds. Quite cheap, unassuming, but diverse in forms and plots, clay toys have long been an integral part of peasant and urban petty-bourgeois life. It was played not only by children, but also by adults, for example, during fairs and festive folk festivals. The pottery industry was preserved and received new development on the territory of Kovrovsky district for centuries, until the beginning of the XX century.
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Clay Toy
The master of decorative and applied arts E.S. Tumanova devoted almost thirty years of her life to the study of folk traditions of wood painting and their creative embodiment in art. The result was the creation of her own author's style – "Tumanovskaya painting". A characteristic feature of E. Tumanova's painting is a very fine elaboration of the drawing, small details. The painting resembles beaded and lace weaving. Vegetable ornament prevails, the three main elements of which are a flower, a leaf, and grass. Tumanovskaya painting is a restrained range of colours. Literally three or four colours are used in the work, the rest are shades, but the effect of a unique sound of colours is created.�
Tumanovskaya painting on wood
National dress is a part of the culture of the people, reflects its history and traditions. Folk costume is formed under the influence of climate, geographical location, economic structure, type of activity and worldview of people. In addition, national clothes always carried information about a person's social status, emphasized age and family characteristics.�Russian national costume is believed to have begun to take shape around the 12th century, during the formation of the Russian nation. It was used by all estates until the beginning of the XVIII century, when Tsar Peter I began to actively invite foreigners to Russia and introduce the elite to European culture. After the decree of 1699, the national costume disappeared in the aristocratic environment. Only peasants, monks and priests were allowed to wear it.
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Folk costumes
Sources of information
https://vladremeslo.ru
https://traditions33.ru/crafts-trades/
https://dzen.ru/a/YCqAWI4uUzdJDvVy
http://www.ocnt33.ru/about/hobbies/
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