Year 10: The Urban-Rural Continuum of the UK
Glossary:
Urban
A built-up area, usually a city or a town.
UK Population Density
Rural
A countryside area.
Services
Provision we rely on in the community such as healthcare, education. Etc.
There are 11 cities which exceed 300,000 inhabitants, these being London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Bristol, Cardiff and Coventry.
Cities with urban areas below 300,000 inhabitants include Reading, Leicester, Brighton, Belfast, Southampton, Bournemouth and Newcastle Upon Tyne, with Bradford just under 300,000.
Year 10: Population and Urban Change in the UK
Glossary:
Ageing Population: In the population structure of many HICs there is often a high proportion of elderly people who have survived due to advances in nutrition and medical care.
Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 people per year.
Counter-urbanisation movement of people in HICs away from urban areas to live in smaller towns and villages (see de-urbanisation and urban-rural shift).
Death rate: the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
Dependent Population: those who rely on the working population for support e.g. the young and elderly.
Depopulation: the decline or reduction of population in an area.
De-urbanisation: the process in HICs by which an increasingly smaller percentage of a country’s population lives in towns and cities, brought about by urban-rural migration.
Distribution (of a population): where people are found and where they are not found.
Economic Migrant: person leaving her/his native country to seek better economic opportunities (jobs) and so settle temporarily in another country.
Emigrant: someone who leaves an area to live elsewhere.
Family Planning: using contraception to control the size of your family.
Immigrant: someone who moves into an area from elsewhere.
Life Expectancy: the average number of years a person born in a particular country might be expected to live.
Migrant: someone who moves from one place to another to live.
Migration: movement of people.
Natural Increase or Decrease: the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. Additional effects of migration are not included.
Overpopulation: where there are too many people and not enough resources to support a satisfactory quality of life.
Population Change: Births - Deaths + In-Migration - Out-Migration = Population Change.
Population Density: number of people per square kilometre.
Population Pyramid: a graph which shows the age and sex structure of a place.
Push-Pull Factors: push factors encourage or force people to leave a particular place; pull factors are the economic and social attractions (real and imagined) offered by the location to which people move (i.e. the things which attract someone to migrate to a place).
Quality of Life: things (e.g. housing) that affect your standard of living.
Sparsely Populated: an area that has few people living in it.
Structure (of a population): the relative percentages of people of different age groups, usually shown on a population pyramid.
Urbanisation: the growth of towns and cities leading to an increasing proportion of a country’s population living there. It as a gradual process common in LICs where 1 million people move from the countryside to the cities every three days.
Working Population: people in employment who have to support the dependent population.
The population of the UK 2025 = 70 million – its largest ever. The UK population is projected to continue growing, reaching almost 73 million by 2041. Sustained UK growth results from births outnumbering deaths (by 148,000 in 2017) and immigration exceeding emigration (by 282,000 in 2017).
If the retirement age remains fixed, and the life expectancy increases, there will be relatively more people claiming pension benefits and fewer people working and paying income taxes. The fear is that it will require high tax rates on the current, shrinking workforce.