Properties of Water Notes

Water

• The presence of water makes our _______________ special.
• Water is an odorless, _______________, _______________ liquid. That exhibits a _______________ tinge.
• Covers ___________% of Earth’s surface
• Makes up __________% of our bodies
• ________% of our blood is water
• It is fundamental for all life; without it every living thing would __________.

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Properties of Water

• ____________________________ ______________________________
• _____________________________ _____________________________
• _____________________________ ______________________________
• _____________________________ ______________________________

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Polar Molecule

• ____________ - two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
• When these atom bond its molecular structure gives the water molecule _________________ (electrical charge)
• Hydrogen end is _______ charged
• Oxygen end is negatively charged.

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Hydrogen Bonding

• Water molecules attract each other because of their _______________.
• Like magnets, opposites attract
• The ____ end of one H atom attracts to the ____ end of one O atom.
• This forms a _______bond, but it is ________than the covalent bond of a water molecule.

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Solubility

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• Water’s polarity allows it to ______________ other polar substances.
• The _____________causes the molecules of the new substance to be mixed uniformly with the _____________molecules.
• ________________dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
• Called the “____________________ _____________________”
• The dissolving power of water is very important for ______________ on ____________.
• Water carries _________________chemicals, minerals, and nutrients used to support living things.

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Surface Tension

• Waters molecule polarity gives water a high _____________ tension.
• Molecules at the surface of water “______________ _______________” through _______________ to form a type of “skin” on the water.
• Strong enough to support very _________________ objects.
• __________________– causes water to clump in drops rather than spreading into thin layers.
• Water molecule to ________________ molecule
• __________________ - causes water to stick to other polar substances
• Water molecule to ___________________ polar substance
• Allows water to move through ______________________ and __________ and the smallest ____________ vessels.
• As one molecule moves up the root or capillary, it ______________ the others with it.
• Capillary action uses both ___________________ and __________________.

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Properties of Water Notes

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States of Matter

• The only natural substance that can exist in all _______ states of matter at temperatures normal for Earth

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• ______________________ state – present in our atmosphere as water vapor
• ______________________ state – found everywhere in rivers, lakes, oceans
• ______________________ state – ice, snow
• Each state requires an increase or ________________ in energy to change

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Freezing/Melting Point

• Temperature at which water changes ________________ from liquid to a solid or ________________ to a _________________.
• Freezing point and melting point are the same
• ______________________________
• Temp. may be lower if super cooling occurs or there are ________________in the water.

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Density

• 1g/cm ³
• Most liquids become _____________dense with a decrease in temp. as their molecules slow down.
• Ice becomes ____________ dense as it cools and expands.
• The molecules line up to form a very open __________________ structure less ________________ than liquid water.
• This is why ice floats.
• If ______________ acted like most other liquids, lakes and rivers would freeze solid and all life in them would die.

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Properties of Water Notes

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Specific Heat Capacity

• Property caused by hydrogen bonding of water molecules.
• Amount of _________ one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its Temp. by ______________________.
• _________________ specific heat capacity of all liquids
• 1 calorie, or ________________ Joules
• Water takes a long time to heat and a long time to _____________.
• _____ times more than sand
• Affects ___________________
• Water stays cool longer, acts as a ________________________
• _________________________ cool summer days.
• Stays warm longer and warms air along lakes and oceans
• Sea Breezes _____________ winter days.
• Accounts for amount of _________________ around large lakes and oceans.

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Properties of Water Notes

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