Nibi miinawaa Manoomin Symposium, 2023

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Nyblade, M., King, H. J., & McClure, G. (2023). Kawe Gidaa-naanaagadawendaamin Manoomin (First we must consider Manoomin/Psiη) Project Update. Nibi miinawaa Manoomin Symposium.

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Kawe Gidaa-

naanaagadawendaamin

Manoomin (First we must consider Manoomin/Psiη): Project Update

Maddy Nyblade (she/her),

Hannah Jo King (she/they),

Gracelyn McClure (any)

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

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North

Reservations

Manoomin Waters

Big Rice Lake

Perch Lake

Swamp Lake

Ogechie Lake

Clam, Long, and Big Round Lake

LDF River

Spur Lake

Kawe Gidaa-Naanaagadawendaamin Manoomin

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ManoominPsin.UMN.edu

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ManoominPsin.UMN.edu

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“Although scientific methodologies and technical work may not have been created for the purposes of Indigenous cultures or self-determination, there is no reason why they cannot be redeployed to suit these ends.” (Whyte et al. 2017)

Image adapted from:

UMN Intersecting Ojibwe

Art K-12 Curriculum

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(Kimmerer 2013)

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Research Approach

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(Nyblade, Graveen, Montano, Panek, King, in press)

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Community Practices

(Nyblade, Graveen, Montano, Panek, King in press; Matson, Ng, Dockry, Nyblade et al. 2021)

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Responsible & Ethical Research Protocol

(appendix of Matson, Ng, Dockry, Nyblade et al. 2021)

1. Project Procedure
• Full and equal participation
• Approval
• Decision-making
• Right of withdrawal
• Communications with partners
• Review procedures and periods
2. Ensuring Community Benefits
3. Research with Tribal Members and Indigenous People
• Follow Institutional Review Board procedures
• Free, prior, and informed consent
• Respect for traditional knowledge
• Privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity

4. Research with animals, plants, and habitats
• Respect Indigenous customs, values, and understandings
5. Do No Harm Research
6. Project Outputs
• Co-produce knowledge between University researchers and Tribes
7. Data Ownership, Sharing, and Dissemination
• Take all possible steps within legal requirements to ensure the data is only shared based on the expressed desire of the Tribes.

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Research

Collaboration

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Work led by: Bazile Panek,

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (Ojibwe)

(person who

harvests Wild Rice)

(good life)

(all of our relations)

(Earth/land/ground)

“Western science is like slicing a pickle or cucumber to go study it. … You miss the whole broader picture of what you are researching.”

~ Joe Graveen

Lac du Flambeau Tribe Wild Rice Program Manager

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Methods

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Methods

Goals:

1. Evaluate the Manoomin/Psiη Collaborative to make recommendations for internal improvements. *Specifically, we evaluated relationship-building and weaving together different knowledges
2. Present to a wider audience about our learning on respectful tribal-university partnerships

Interview Evaluation �(2020-2022)

Goals:

• Evaluate the Manoomin/Psiη Collaborative to make recommendations for internal improvements. *Specifically, we evaluated relationship-building and weaving together different knowledges
• Present to a wider audience about our learning on respectful tribal-university partnerships

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• Foster a culture of continuous evaluation

Interview Evaluation �(2020-2022)

Interviews

• Total of 24 interviews (2020-2021):
• 10 with tribal affiliates, 14 with UMN affiliates,
• 8 interviewees were enrolled tribal members
• 6 interviewees were students, 1 undergraduate�
• Zoom Interviews (average 55 min)
• Structured around the following categories of questions:
1. Have you built relationships through this project?
2. Has this project honored tribal knowledge?
3. How does this project work across disciplines?
4. What is your relationship with Wild Rice and how do you understand the project title “Kawe Gidaa-naanaagadawendaamin Manoomin”?
5. Does this project address environmental justice? (HJKing dissertation topic)

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Visits to the Field Together

This gift of asema (tobacco) serves as a contract between the researcher and the researched.

It acknowledges the obligation to exchange knowledge.

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Photo by Charlie Rasmussen, GLIFWC

Ceremony

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Monthly Meetings on Zoom

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Knowledge Exchange Workshops

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Kawe Gidaa-naanaagadawendaamin Manoomin

Jamie Colvin (Seminole Nation of Oklahoma), Haskell Indian Nations University

Kellen Cooks, Cornell University

Dr. Mae Davenport, UMN

Dr. Mike Dockry (Citizen Potawatomi Nation), UMN & USFS

Emily Green, UMN

Anna Kadrie, UMN

Hannah Jo King, UMN

Emily Kreiter, UMN

Michala Zien, UMN

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All the interviewees! All the members of the collaborative!

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Evaluation Research Team:

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What Factors are Impacting Manoomin’s Well Being?

1. How is Manoomin abundance changing across the region?

3. What are the impacts of this change on tribal harvesters?

2. How has climate and land-use change impacted Manoomin abundance?

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Hypothesis: Greater Manoomin abundance with…

(WI Sea Grant and Chroma Press)

Less precipitation in floating leaf

More days above 4˚C

Lower winter temperature mean

More snow

Greater Ice Duration

Lower water levels

in floating leaf stage

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More Forested Areas

Less Agricultural Area

Less Shoreline Development

Hypothesis: Greater Manoomin abundance with…

… in the watershed.

Gracelyn McClure (undergraduate)

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Tribal, State, Federal Data + Statistical Model

1854 Treaty Authority:

1998 – Present

10 water bodies

Fond du Lac:

2014 – Present

6 water bodies

Great Lakes Indian Fish and

Wildlife Commission:

1992 – Present

34 water bodies

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Decline of total Manoomin across the region.

1990

Year

2020

2000

2010

Total Number of Manoomin Stalks

(scaled from plot-level and areal surveys)

2e9

1e9

0

2e9

1e9

0

2e9

1e9

0

Each color = Different water body

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Significant regional decline in Manoomin abundance across all 50 waters studied.

Partial Effect on Manoomin Abundance log(stalks/m²)

+ Effect

- Effect

Year

Gray = 95% Confidence Interval

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2000 2010 2020

(Nyblade et al, in prep)

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Significant relationships between some climate variables and Manoomin abundance.

+ Effect

- Effect

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Total Precipitation June - mid July

Floating Leaf Stage

(cm)

Total Snowfall Dec - March

Dormant Stage

(cm)

0 100 200 300

0 10 20 30 40

Partial Effect on Manoomin Abundance log(stalks/m²)

(Nyblade et al, in prep)

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Ice duration and water levels also have significant relationships with Manoomin abundance.

+ Effect

- Effect

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0 100 200

-10 0 10 20 30

Ice Duration of nearby lake

Dormant to germination stage

(days)

Water Levels. June- Mid July

Floating Leaf Stage

(inches relative to cumulative summer average)

Partial Effect on Manoomin Abundance log(stalks/m²)

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Increased Manoomin abundance relates to increased pounds harvested per trip by tribal members.

+ Effect

- Effect

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0 100 200 300 400

Manoomin Stalk Density per Water body (stalks/m²)

Partial Effect on Manoomin Harvest log(lbs./trip)

(Nyblade et al, in prep)

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Results: Greater Manoomin abundance with…

(WI Sea Grant and Chroma Press)

Less precipitation in floating leaf

More days above 4˚C ?

Lower winter temperature mean ?

More snow

Greater Ice Duration

Lower water levels

in floating leaf stage

With greater abundance, more pounds per trip are harvested by tribal members.

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The duration of ice cover on MN lakes is decreasing

Across the state, a decline of:

10 - 14 days in the last 50 years

16 -21 days in the last 100 years

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Northern Minnesota Climate Projections

Winter temperatures warm by 6˚C

Increased heavy spring and early summer precipitation by 1mm/day

Decreased snow depth by +12 cm

Up to 55 less days with snow covering

…by 2100

(Leiss et al. 2022)

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What Factors are Impacting Manoomin’s Well Being?

Manoomin is declining across the region, in part related to climate change.

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Climate change will continue to negatively impact Manoomin abundance.

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Decreased Manoomin abundance results in less pounds of Manoomin harvested.

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Spur Lake

Clam Lake

Ogechie Lake

Swamp Lake

Caretaking strategies for Manoomin

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Miigwech! Pidamayaye! Thank You!

Website: ManoominPsin.UMN.edu

Email:

manoominpsin-gc@umn.edu

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Volume 2

“We are healing the environmental wound where Western philosophies have dominated and caused destruction. We are healing by bringing Indigenous knowledges up to equal, so we can achieve environmental justice for Manoomin.”

~ J. Graveen, M. Nyblade

American Geophysical Union Conference, 2022

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Kawe Gidaa-naanaagadawendaamin Manoomin

Mark Bellcourt (UMN, White Earth member)

Jeremy Bloomquist (St Croix)

Perry Bunting (Mille Lacs)

LeAnn Charwood (Leech Lake Tribal College alumna, Leech Lake member)

Eric Chapman (Lac du Flambeau)

Rob Croll (Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission)

Chan Lan Chun (UMN-Duluth)

Diana Dalbotten (UMN)

Mae Davenport (UMN)

Peter David (Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission)

Karen Diver (The College of St. Scholastica, former Chairwoman of Fond du Lac)

Mike Dockry (UMN, USFS, Citizen Potawatomi member)

McKaylee Duquain (UMN, Menominee member)

Joe Graveen (Lac du Flambeau)

Kate Hagsten (Leech Lake)

Kari Hedin (Fond du Lac)

Susannah Howard (Smith College student, Citizen Potawatomi Nation member)

Riley Howes (Brown Univ student, Fond du Lac member)

Tom Howes (Fond du Lac)

Shannon Kesner (Fond du Lac)

Hannah Jo King (UMN student)

Roger Labine (Lac Vieux Desert)

Hima Hassenruck-Gudipati (UMN Post-Doc)

Dan Larkin (UMN)

Sirena Torres (UMN Student)

Sashi White (UMN Student)

Jessica Tran (UMN Student)

Naomi Blinick (UMN Field Coordinator)

Laura Matson (UMN)

Melonee Montano (Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission)

Gabby Menomin (UMN, Forest County Potawatomi member)

Seth Moore (Grand Portage)

Amy Myrbo (UMN)

Crystal Ng (UMN)

Michael Northbird (Minnesota Chippewa Tribe)

Patrick O’Hara (UMN student)

Meghan Porter (Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council)

Rich Robinson (Leech Lake)

Cara Santelli (UMN)

June Sayers (UMN, Red Lake / Ho-Chunk)

Riley Schmitter (UMN, Chickasaw Nation member)

Nancy Schuldt (Fond du Lac)

Zhaashiigid Nooding (Bob Shimek) (White Earth)

Alison Smart (Little River Band of Ottawa Indians)

Sarah Smith (College of Menominee Nation)

Hilarie Sorensen (1854 Treaty Authority)

Wally Storbakken (Leech Lake)

Ed Swain (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency)

Josh Torgeson (UMN student)

Darren Vogt (1854 Treaty Authority)

Alex Waheed (UMN student)

Lilah White (UMN student, Mille Lacs member)

Sara Dance (UMN Student)

Sam Stokes (UMN Student)

Dale Green Jr. (Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe)

Gracelyn McClure (UMN Student)

Bazile Panek (Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission)

Project Team:

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Euro-American settlement brought widespread landscape change that continues significantly harming Manoomin/Psiη.

Tile Drains and Ditches

Logging/Deforestation

Turtle Flambeau Dam

Dams

Pollution

Non-Local Beings

Roads and Culverts

Climate Change

Lac du Flambeau

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Manoomin/Psiη’s range was extensive.

(GLIFWC Climate Change Team, 2023)

It has shrunk by one third in MN and WI from 1900 to 2006.

(Drewes and Silbernagel 2012)

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