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4414

How I found a secret U.S. government aerial surveillance program

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Who am I?

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John Wiseman

Disney R&D Imagineer

Interested in robotics, natural language processing, drones, aviation

@lemonodor

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What is this about?

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Tracking police helicopters

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Easy to set up for < $100

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FA dump1090

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Dashboard

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Goodyear blimp

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Fire in Eagle Rock

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LAPD

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Burbank & Glendale PD

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Sterile Insect Technique

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Tour of California TV relay

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Chalk 2, Inc.

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U-2

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U-2 (and Air Cerberus)

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C-17 Jedi

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San Bernardino Sheriff

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Keystone Aerial Surveys

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Aperture Aviation (mapping) (Wells Fargo)

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Keystone Aerial Surveys (and SIT)

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Aerial imagery? (Aeroptic Inc.)

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3x military surveillance training

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3x military surveillance training

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“Air Cerberus”

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“Air Cerberus”

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Busy day: SIT, 4 different police departments (N420LE)

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Busy day: 2x news, 2x LAFD, 2x police, SIT, Air Cerberus

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DHS

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DHS

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DHS, Subject driving 405 north

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DHS, Subject driving 10 east

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DHS Shift change

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2x Silver Creek Aviation (DEA)

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OK, this isn’t really about police helicopters

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Uncovering aerial surveillance by the FBI

...with Unix (& Clojure & postgres)

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Persistent sousveillance

Using historical sensor data to retroactively identify and track new government targets.

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What info do I have?

Presence, not position.

Speed, altitude, transponder squawk code

But the internet.

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Starting to get weird: Two companies w/ PO boxes in Bristow VA?�Seeing this output was the precise moment I began to think I might have stumbled on to something big.

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N301A - Worldwide Aircraft Leasing Corp.

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N404KR - OBR Leasing

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N496WW - National Aircraft Leasing Corp.

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N515JW - Aerographics Inc.

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Really?

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I was able to expand the list from the 8 aircraft I had directly observed to 105 (suspected) aircraft, almost 2 dozen (suspected) front companies.

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Definitely weird

Evidence all pretty circumstantial:

  • Squawk 4414
  • Names like “ABC Aviation”
  • PO boxes in Virginia

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Large scale aerial program?

More than 100 aircraft, almost 2 dozen front companies, over lots of even medium-sized cities.

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Large scale aerial program?

Lots of local news stories about people complaining about mysterious Cessnas circling overhead.

Obviously mentally ill people with videos on YouTube about these specific planes!

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Large scale aerial program?

Did I fall into the same paranoid trap as the people on the fringe web forums I’ve been reading?

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Then two things happened:

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1. A few days after initial WaPo story, FBI admitted “NG Research” was them!

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2. 4 weeks later, AP broke the story of > 50 planes & front companies!

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Large scale aerial program

Not totally unknown: Knew FBI was using small planes for aerial surveillance.

Not known viscerally: Huge scale of the program.

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What are they doing?

video surveillance

IMSI catching/StingRay

Persistent video surveillance?

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How often is N404KR overhead?

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Checklist of suspicious plane behavior

  • Tail number or registered owner is on one of the published lists
  • Squawks 4414 or 4415, or has a callsign “JENA” or “JENNA”
  • Loiters for hours at around 5000 feet
  • Flies in circles
  • Owner in Bristow VA, Greenville DE, Wilmington DE, or Manassas VA

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The FBI issued a rare public statement on their aviation program.

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Summary

  • This wasn’t hard: All I had to do was look.
  • I used publically available data: transponder pings, planespotter photos, and FAA records.
  • The paranoid were right this time.
  • Multiple people were motivated to independently make this discovery.
  • This is not news: articles as far back as 2003; possibly a surge in 2013.
  • Behavior suggestive of persistent surveillance, not targeted investigation.
  • Potential for more citizen investigation.

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Next steps

  • More automated analysis, à la Buzzfeed News
  • Shadow surveillance aircraft (without interfering)

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Automatic telescopic observation

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Opportunistic use of existing public webcams

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Links