PROTISTS AND FUNGI

Similarities and Differences in the Protist Kingdom

• All are eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).
• Live in moist surroundings.
• Unicellular or multicellular.
• Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both.
• Some can move - others cannot.

3 categories of Protists:

• Animal-like

• Fungus-like

• Plant-like

PROTISTS

• ANIMAL LIKE PROTISTS = PROTOZOA
• Classified by method of movement
• PLANT LIKE PROTISTS = ALGAE
• Classified by pigment color
• FUNGUS LIKE PROTISTS = MOLDS
• Classified by body form

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Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)

*Unicellular Heterotrophs

*Four groups based on movement: those with flagella, cilia, pseudopods, and the ‘others’.

Protozoans with Pseudopods�PHYLUM SARCODINA

• Pseudopods also called ‘false feet’
• Cell membrane pushes in one direction & the cytoplasm flows into the bulge.
• This allows the protozoan to move, dragging the rest of the cell behind it.

Pseudopods, cont.

EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE

PUSH

FLOW

DRAG

It can form 2 pseudopods to surround & trap food. Then form a food vacuole to break down food in the cytoplasm.

Pseudopods, cont.

• Reproduce by binary fission like bacteria.
• Contractile vacuole - it collects extra H2O & expels it from cell
• Thin cell membrane -
• no definite shape.
• Example of a pseudopod - Amoeba.

Pseudopods, cont.

Protozoans with cilia�PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

• Cilia - hairlike structures - help organisms move, get food and sense environment.
• Multicellular with 2 nuclei.
• 1 nuclei controls everyday functions
• 1 nuclei is for reproduction.
• Reproduce by binary
• fission or conjugation.

Cilia, cont.

• Oral groove lined with cilia - moves H20 containing food into food vacuole at end of oral groove.
• Food vacuole breaks down food and sends through cell.
• Anal pore sends out waste.
• Example of protozoan w/ cilia: paramecium.

ORAL GROOVE

CILIA

CONTRACTILE

VACUOLE

FOOD

VACUOLE

FOOD

VACUOLE

ANAL PORE

Protozoans with flagella�PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA

• Organisms called zooflagellates
• Use long whiplike part called flagella to move.
• These usually live inside other organisms.

Other Protozoans

• Called sporozoans - parasites
• Feed on cells & body fluids of hosts

Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have more than 1 host: mosquitoes and then humans

Funguslike Protists

• Like animals - they are heterotrophs
• Like plants - they have cell walls
• Reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow into a new organism)
• Not in fungi kingdom because they can move at one point in their lives.
• An example is mildew.

Plantlike Protists

• Better known as algae
• Autotrophs
• Size: unicellular to very large
• Contain different pigments so they come in different colors.
• Euglena: special type of algae -when there is no sunlight they become heterotrophic.

Plant-like Protists cont…

• Unicellular: diatoms, glass-like cell wall, dinoflagelates, cellulose plates on their cell walls and two flagella, euglenoids, have one flagella and can be heterotrophic or autotrophic.
• Multicellular: green algae, red algae, brown algae

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Euglenoids: The Survivors

• Aquatic
• Move around like animals
• Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available

Diatoms: The Golden Ones

• Have shells made of silica (glass)
• Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color

Dinoflagellates: The Spinning Ones

• Spin around using two flagella
• Responsible for Red Tides
• Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

Red Algae: �The Red Ones

• Seaweeds
• Multicellular, marine organisms
• Have red and blue pigments

Brown Algae: �The Brown Ones

• They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is.

Green Algae: �The Green Ones

• Most live in fresh water
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Live alone or in groups called colonies