Renaissance Europe
In this unit we will be looking at the following questions.
Worldview Review
Economy
Values
Geography
Knowledge
Time
Beliefs
Society
Think of this unit as a road trip through some of the ideas of the Renaissance. If you look in the rear-view mirror, you will see the Middle Ages. How did people live and think in the Middle Ages?
The Black Death was one of the massive changes at the end of the Middle Ages that moved European society into a new era.
Why do you think the worldview icon elements beliefs, values, and society might be highlighted?
What impact do you think the Black Death had on the people who survived? In what ways did European society change because of the Black Death?
Vocabulary
Opinions and preferences expressed by an individual.
The system of political organization in the Middle Ages in which the lord owned the land and all others served him.
Peasant who rented land or worked for pay.
A person who has learned a trade and joined a guild.
The collective point of view of a specific group.
1. Point of View -
2. Feudalism -
3. Freeman -
4. Journeyman -
5. Perspective -
A social system in which status is ranked, and power is concentrated in the higher ranks.
Peasants who worked the land for the lord and were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission.
Laws that controlled consumption or how people spent money.
Spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people. (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect)
Loyalty.
6. Hierarchy -
7. Serfs -
8. Sumptuary � Laws -
9. Pervasive -
10. Allegiance -
Buildings and lands in which monks lived.
Having to do with the Middle Ages.
A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or group; the overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world.
A piece of land, sometimes called a fief.
A place where nuns live, pray, and study.
A period of time that refers to the rebirth of knowledge and learning that followed the Middle Ages.
11. Monastery -
12. Medieval -
13. Worldview -
14. Manor (fief)-
15. Convent -
16. Renaissance -
The way life was organized on a manor.
A group of people of the same particular trade formed a guild.
A young person sent to live with a master craftsman called a journeyman so that they could learn a trade.
17. Manorial � System -
18. Guild -
19. Apprentice -
Everywhere on the deck of the ship lay dead or dying sailors. They had ______ and _________ blotches on their skin and strange ____________ swellings in their armpits. The dying were __________, __________, and __________ blood. Within a few days most of the sailors were _______. People who cared for them _______________ the same terrible ___________. Soon people all over the city began to fall ____ and ____. The _______ that the sailors had brought was the ___________ or _______________ …. Death was spread by _____ on the _____ that lived in ______ areas and on board ships. About one-_____ to one- ____ of the people in ________-- ___ million people-- eventually died of the Black Death.
black
purplish
egg-shaped
coughing
moaning
vomiting
dead
also developed
symptoms
ill
die
disease
Black Death
bubonic plague
fleas
rats
urban
third
half
Europe
25
If half the people in Canada suddenly died of a terrible disease, how do you think this would affect our society?
A Changing Society
During the ___________, much of _________ society was organized in a system called __________. Feudalism was a __________. In a hierarchy people are ________ one above another according to their ___________. ________ had as much power a ________. Bishops received their land from the ________, and over time, the _________ became a very large ____________.
Middle Ages
European
feudalism
hierarchy
ranked
importance
Bishops
barons
Crown
Church
landowner
Medieval Country Life
4.Fill in the triangle below to show the hierarchy in the Middle Ages.
5. In exchange for the use of the land, __________ had to turn over to the noble or “__________________”, a portion of what they __________. Some peasants were _________ who rented _____ from the lord or worked for _____. Most peasants, however, were ______ who were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s ___________.
7. List 8 things the peasants had to do if they wanted to stay on the manor.
peasants
Lord of the manor
produced
freemen
land
pay
serfs
permission
8. Give two reasons why would a peasant want to live on the manor?
6. Use point-form or write a paragraph explaining how feudalism worked.
Your paragraph should have some of the following information:
Analyzing Images
9. Answer the following questions about the picture. What does the image show?
“Haying” peasants working the land.
The Limbourg brothers produced for a prayerbook.
1412 and 1416.
To Persuade.
Bias - it is the duty of peasants to obey their lord and do his work. Shows the peasants looking happy to work for and obey their lord.
Town Life
10. Complete the Venn diagram to compare women who lived in rural areas with those who lived in towns, during the Middle Ages.
Rural
Urban
Worked the Land
Had children.
Life was simple.
Worked with husband.
Worked with husband in the trade.
Could inherit property or guild membership if husband died.
Could become masters �of crafts.
Could go to school.
Medieval towns were centers for farm communities.
T
There was usually a stone wall surrounding a medieval town that helped to protect the citizens inside.
T
Ordinary citizens had more freedom in towns than peasants did on manors.
T
All money a person made had to be turned over the king.
F
Peasants could work for wealthy people as servants and labourers, or they could learn a trade.
T
A group of people of a particular trade formed a guild.
T
The main purpose of a guild was to make sure that no one charged the same prices for their goods.
F
A young child might be sent to live with a master craftsman called a journeyman so that the child could learn a trade.
T
19. List two reason on how life for woman on manors was difficult.
They had no rights, husbnd could beat them. They could not own land when husband died.
20. List four reason why sefts would want to live in towns that were crowded and dirty.
Challenges and Peasant Revolts
21. How long did the feudal system last?
It lasted for many hundreds of years.
22. Explain the 100 years war?
War broke out between England and France.
23. One of the most dramatic aspects of the _________________ was the use of the powerful ________ by English _______. This, along with later _______ technological advances such as _________ and ______, made the ______ and his ________ less effective and much more __________.
Hundred years war
longbow
archers
military
cannons
guns
Knight
armour
vulnerable
24. What caused the peasants to revolt in 1337?
Because of the high rents and taxes they had to pay to finance the war.
25. The revolts in _________ and ________ were brutally put down by the authorities, but the ________ of the peasant’s unrest were not __________. ___________ banded together and ______ many nobles and ________ manor houses.
England
France
cause
resolved
Peasants
killed
burned
The Black Death
26. What were the years of the Black Death and how many people died?
Millions of Europeans died between 1346-1350.
27. What were the results of the Black Death on society?
There were severe labour shortages on the manors and many feudal estates when bankrupt.
28. The three negatives about the Black Death.
29. The five positives that came out of the Black Death were:
The Black Death and the Rural Economy | |
Before the Black Death | After the Black Death |
Expenses To hire _____ additional workers for ______days/year at _____ penny/day: = Total expenses for one year: | Expenses To hire _____ additional workers for ______days/year at _____ penny/day: = Total expenses for one year: |
Two hundred serfs live and work on the manor. Freemen are sometime hired, but wages are low.
Sixty serfs died in the plague or left to work for higher wages elsewhere. Freemen now demand higher wages.
80
300
1
80 x 300 x 1
24 000
24 000 pennies ~ $240 or ~$14 400
72 000 pennies ~ $720 or ~$43 200
80 x 300 x 3
72 000
80
300
3
-What was one of the current world views of the time and
did this plague change people’s worldview?
-How long did it last?
-How many people were affected?
-List one similarity and one difference to COvid19?
-Please list 2 questions you have about this Plague?
-Pictures, drawings, bubble/block Letters and doodling in a
creative way is encouraged
The Bubonic Plague
Using your textbook pages 25-27 and parts of page 30, develop an informational poster about the Bubonic plague.
STEPS:
First you need to do a rough Sketch...Upon approval, then
get an 11x14 sheet of poster paper.
Here are the features of your poster:
-What is the Bubonic plague?
-What Names did it have?
-When did it happen?
-Why did it happen?
Time and Money
31. As towns grew, what happened to the use of money?
Use of money increased.
32. On the medieval manor, people’s activities had been ruled by the ______ and ________ of the sun and the _________ of the seasons. Knowing the ______ time was not terribly important except to members of the ________ who needed to know when to _____…. Later, as shopkeepers, ________, and _________ people in the towns became more dependant on time, ________________ were developed. By the early ______, mechanical clocks were being built that rang _____ to tell the _____ and call people to ________.
rising
setting
changing
exact
church
pray
merchants
business
mechanical clocks
1300s
bells
time
worship
Wealth in Society
33. How did people move social levels after the Black Death?
Serfs could become freemen and freemen could earn enough money to learn a trade or become a merchant. Nobles no longer were the only wealthy people.
34. List at least 4 ways a person could show off their wealth during the renaissance?
35. Wealthy people during the ____________ showed off their ________ status by wearing ___________ clothing... People’s desire for ______ goods like ____________ was one of the factors that led to the __________ of ______ outside _______. This desire also led to the introduction of ________________…. In most European countries there were “________________” that controlled _____________ or how people spent their money. These laws _________ what people of different ________ could wear.
renaissance
economic
extravagant
luxury
exotic fabrics
expansion
trade
Europe
Sumptuary Laws
Sumptuary Laws
consumption
restricted
classes
A Religious Society
The Pope
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests
Parishioners
Event
How Religion Affects Thoughts and Actions
Millions were killed by the Black Death.
Life in medieval times was hard; sickness, famine, and war were a constant threat.
The plague had been sent by God as a punishment.
They hoped for a better life after death and could reach heaven with the help of the church.
Event
How Religion Affects Thoughts and Actions
They believe that everything in the world has a sacred presence or spirit and that the creator is everywhere.
Ceremonies used to communicate with natural spirits and to offer thanks.
39. In the Middle Ages, how many churches were built in France alone?
More than 1500.
40. How does the building of so many magnificent cathedrals indicate the importance of the church in the worldview of the people? (two reasons)
Church was a very important part of life. Hundreds of crafts people and years were used to construct cathedrals.
41. During medieval and Renaissance times, people who were deeply __________ might choose to join a religious order and devote their entire lives to God. Men became _______ and entered ____________; women became ______ and entered _________. Here they lived their lives studying religious texts, praying and working. They also ______ and _________ food for the order, taught children, cared for the _____ and the poor, and fed the hungry.
Unlike most people, monks and nuns were well __________. Some monasteries became great centers of _________. Religious _________ copied Christian religious texts as well as ____________ from ancient times written in Latin and _______.
Eventually ___________ grew up around religious schools. Subjects such as grammar, geometry, astronomy, and music were taught. Training in religion, law, and _________ were also offered. Unfortunately, universities did not allow _______ to attend. It was not until the late _______ that some European and American universities � _________ women.
religious
monks
monasteries
nuns
convents
grew
prepared
sick
educated
learning
scholars
manuscripts
Greek
universities
medicine
women
1800s
admitted
42. If you wanted your children to have an excellent education you could send them away to become ________ or _______.
43. How did St. Francis’s religious beliefs affect the way he lived his life?
Gave up all his possessions and devoted himself to caring for those who needed help.
priests
nuns
Note: The terms Islam and Muslim are often used as if they mean exactly the same thing. Technically speaking, Islam is the name of the religion; Muslims are people who are believers in Islam.
44. Several elements of the medieval Muslim worldview allowed for cities of learning where Christians, Jews, and Muslims could live and work together. Which of the worldview elements corresponds to each characteristic of the Islamic faith?
____________ Learning was valued.
____________ Muslim society was accepting of others.
____________ Islamic civilization was tolerant of the � religions of others.
Knowledge
Society
Values
45. What aspect of medieval Christians’ religious worldview led them to persecute the Jews?
Their belief that everyone should embrace the Christian faith in order to be saved allowed them to persecute the Jews.
Changing Attitudes Toward Religion
Causes of Changing Attitudes Toward the Church
The Black Death
The Wealth of the Church
The Behaviour of the Clergy
In spite of prayers and visits to holy sites, people kept dying.
The church was wealthy, owning vasts amounts of land and collecting tithes from the peasants.
Clergy were sometimes caught up in the enjoyment of the good life.
47. What is the meaning of the word Renaissance?
48. In what country did the renaissance begin?
“Rebirth” a classical knowledge of learning.
Italy.
Renaissance Personalities
Christine De Pisan
(1364-1430) Educated in ancient language and literature. Wrote that women should be allowed to participate more fully in society.
Vasco da Gama
(c. 1460-1524) Portuguese explorer. First person to sail directly from Europe to India. He started the Age of Exploration.
Francois
King of France
(1494-1547) Supported the construction of buildings using the new Renaissance architecture.
Martin Luther
(1483-1546) Translated the Bible into German. Leading protester and religious reformer against the corruption of the church.
Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543) Publishing the theory that the sun is near the centre of the universe. He is considered the father of modern astronomy.
Leonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519) He is an architect, inventor, engineer, painter, musician. Painted a famous painting; Mona Lisa.
__________________ “It is the Sun and not Earth that is the center of the universe.”
_____________ “Many people in the Church are not very Christian in their behaviour. This has to change.”
________________ “I Love to create things.”
________________ “Women are not second-class citizens. They should be allowed the same rights as men.”
__________ “We must build beautiful buildings to make our live better.”
______________ “I discovered many new and fascinating places by sailing the ocean’s waters.”
______________ “By translating the Bible into German, the Word of God can be read by more people.”
Nicolaus Copernicus
Martin Luther
Christine de Pisan
Francois I
Leonardo de Vinci
Vasco da Gama
Martin Luther