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University of Kerbala/ College of Medicine Department of Microbiology

Unit 2/ Lab 3

1^st year, 2024-2025

م.م. براق حميد جاسم

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Agglutination test

Blood grouping

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• . After this lecture the student will be able to:
• 1. Understand the concept of agglutination reaction.
• 2. Understand the purpose of agglutination tests.
• 3. Agglutination test and blood grouping.
• 4. Understand ABO and Rh systems.

AGGLUTINATION TEST:

• - Is an Antibody-Antigen reaction that occurs when an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibodies at suitable temperature and PH.

• .

IMPORTANCE OF AGGLUTINATION:

• 1. Blood grouping (ABO).
• 2. Detection of specific antigens or antibodies in bodily fluids (Blood, Saliva, Urine & CSF ).
• 3. Serological diagnosis of several infections.

BLOOD GROUPING (1.ABO SYSTEM)

1. The first blood group system to be described in 1900 and still important in blood transfusion practices.

2. There are four main blood groups A, B, AB & O.

3. Identification of these groups is based on the presence of A or B or AB antigens on RBC surface.

4. These antigens are either glycolipids or glycoproteins.

5. ABO antibodies are naturally occurring.

(GROUP A)

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The RBCs contains Antigen A on its surface which react with Anti-A antibodies forming an agglutination.

(GROUP B)

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The RBCs contains Antigen B on its surface which react with Anti-B antibodies forming an agglutination.

(GROUP AB)UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT

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The RBCs contains Antigen A and B on its surface which react with Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies forming an agglutination.

(GROUP O) UNIVERSAL DONOR

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The RBCs contains no Antigen A and B on its surface, thus there is no agglutination.

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BLOOD GROUPING (2.RH SYSTEM)

1. Rhesus factor or Antigen D, based on the presence or absence of Antigen-D on RBCs surface. (Rh+, Rh-)

2. Is next in importance to ABO system in blood transfusion practices.

3. Is highly immunogenic and readily induces the formation of Anti-D antibodies in (Rh-) individuals.

4. Anti-D antibodies can cause Hemolytic disease of newborn.

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EXAMINES THE STUDENTS SKILLS:

-Q1/ Identify the blood groups below based on agglutination :

EXAMINES THE STUDENTS SKILLS:

-Q2/ Identify the blood groups below based on agglutination :

EXAMINES THE STUDENTS SKILLS:

-Q3/ Identify the blood groups below based on agglutination :

EXAMINES THE STUDENTS SKILLS:

-Q4/ Identify the blood groups below based on agglutination:

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Source

. Essential of Clinical Pathology, Chapter 38,39 and 40 2^nd edition, 2018.

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Thank you

and see you soon in the next lab.