PRESENTER

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SANJEEV KUMAR SRIVASTAV

T.G.T Social Science

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,

Bhongaon

Mainpuri (Uttar Pradesh)

CLASS - VII

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SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE

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TITLE OF TEXTBOOK:

OUR ENVIRONMENT

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TITLE OF CHAPTER:

HUMAN ENVIRONMENT- SETTLEMENTS,TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

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INDEX

• SETTELMENT
• TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENT
• TYPE OF HOUSES
• TRANSPORT
• ROADWAYS
• RAILWAYS
• WATERWAYS
• AIRWAYS
• COMMUNICATION
• MODES OF COMMUNICATION

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SETTLEMENT

Settlements are places where people build homes. It can be of two types:

• PERMANENT SETTLEMENT- which have been occupied for a long period of time.

EXAMPLE: People build homes to live in.

• TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT- which are occupied for a short period of time.

EXAMPLE: People living in deserts and mountains often dwell in such settlements.

RURAL SETTLEMENT CAN BE OF TWO TYPES:

COMPACT SETTLEMENT: closely built area of dwellings,wherever flat land is available.

SCATTERED SETTLEMENT: dwellings are spaced over an extensive area .

Mostly found in hilly tracts, thick forests,etc.

TYPES OF HOUSES�

In regions of heavy hairfall ,they have slanting roof.

Place where water accumulate constructed on stilts.

Thick mud walled houses with thatched roofs common for hot climate.

In extreme cold climate,

people build houses of snow called igloo.

TRANSPORT

Transport is the means by which people and goods move.

• In early days,it took great deal of time to travel long distance.People had to walk and use animals to carry their goods.
• Invention of wheel made transportation easy.With the passage of time different means of transport developed.
• The four major means of transport are –

roadways,railways,waterways and airways.

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ROADWAYS

• Most common means of transport for short distances.
• They can be metalled(Pucca)and unmetalled(Kutcha).
• Roads built underground are called subways/under paths.
• Flyovers are built over raised structures.
• There are several National and State highways in India.
• The Golden Quadrilateral Centre connects Delhi,Mumbai,Chennai and Kolkata.

RAILWAYS

• They carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly and cheaply.
• The invention of steam engine and the Industrial Revolution helped in speedy develpoment of rail transport.
• Diesel and electronic engines have largely replaced the steam engines.

WATERWAYS

• They are cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
• They are mainly of two types:

INLAND WATERWAYS: Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways.

Some important inland waterways are the

Ganga Brahmaputra river, the great lakes in North America.

SEA ROUTERS: Mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another.Example:Ports in Singapore,Mumbai,etc.

AIRWAYS

• This is the fastest way of transport developed in the early twentieth centuary.
• It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.
• Helicopters are extremely useful in most rescuing people and disturbing food,water,clothes and medicines

COMMUNICATION

• Communication is the process of conveying messages to others.
• With the development of technology humans have devised new and fast modes of communication.
• The advancement in the field of communication has brought about an information revolution in the world.

MODES OF COMMUNICATION

• Through newspaper, radio and television we can communicate with a large number of people. They are therefore called Mass Media.

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• The Satellites have made communication even faster. They have helped in oil explanations, mineral-wealth, survey of forests, weather forecast and disaster warning.

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• Electronic mails or e-mail through internet.It not only provides us with information from all over the world but also makes our life more easy and comfortable.
• Wireless telephonic communication through cellular phones have become very popular today

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THANK YOU