1 of 94

eyeflow

Quantitative blood flow analysis using Doppler holography

2 of 94

3 of 94

Software workflow, from interferograms to biomarkers

HoloDoppler

(matlab)

EyeFlow

(matlab)

Interferogram

videos (.cine ou .holo)

~20 GB per measurement

Power Doppler videos, statistical moments (.raw)

~3 GB per measurement

Quantitative blood flow videos (.avi)

~100 MB per measurement

4 of 94

Input video (exit of Holowaves)

Power Doppler Video with pulse dynamics

Goal : Quantitative estimation of blood flow, for each frame and each artery

5 of 94

Plan

  • Loading videos as OneCycleClass objet + toolbox creation (Params)
    • Selection in the GUI of the type of rendering (pulseAnalysis, flat_field) + potentially fine-tunning of parameters before rendering
  • Rendering that launches the OneCycleClass method OnePulse()
    • CreateMaskNew()
    • FindSystoleIndex()
    • PulseAnalysis() : One Cycle video, background, velocity
    • Velocity Histogram
    • Arterial Resistivity
    • Flow Rate
  • Output de Pulsewave
  • Folder Management

6 of 94

Input Parameters & Loading

7 of 94

Check if input file exists and is up to date, if not, creates a default one

Parameters used during execution must be in a 'InputPulsewaveParams.json' file located in the 'json' folder of the object directory.

The default parameters are defined in the 'DefaultPulsewaveParams.json' file, located in the 'json' folder of the Pulsewave directory

​

function [] = checkPulsewaveParamsFromJson(path)

​

→ Check if input file exists.

  • If a json file exists ('InputPulsewaveParams.json') : check if the number and name of fields fit with the default file ('DefaultPulsewaveParams.json'). Set eventual new fields with the default value.
  • Else if a txt file from an older version exists ('InputPulsewaveParams.txt') : convert the txt file into a json file, and carry out the above process.
  • Else : save the default file as ('InputPulsewaveParams.json')

function [data_ref,data_test] = compare_json_data(data_ref,data_test)

​

→ Recursively checks fields and subfields in the default parameters file

  • If the tested field exists both in data_ref and data_test, keep the value of data_test
  • Else if a field is found in data_ref and not in data_test, add this new field with the default value

8 of 94

Explain the video load (OneCycleClass) and the toolboxmaster use for parameters

9 of 94

Rendering of pulsewave

10 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Need to differentiate :
    • Arteries from Veins
    • Retina vessels from Choroid vessels �(Blurred & larger ones)
    • In-plane from out-of-plane vessels

Retinal vein

Choroidal vein

Retinal artery

Choroidal artery

11 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

Flat-field

  • Application of a flat-field correction first to compensate for the non-homogenous repartition of illumination among the whole FOV

function corrected_image = flat_field_correction(image, gw, borderAmount)

…

ms = sum(image(a:b,c:d), [1 2]);

image = image ./ imgaussfilt(image, gw);

ms2 = sum(image(a:b,c:d), [1 2]);

corrected_image = (ms / ms2) .* image;

​

W:\210129_PIJ0310_OD_ONH2_0

12 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

Vesselness Frangi segmentation

  • Frangi Segmentation (likelihood of an area of scale σ to have a blob-like shape expressed by the parameter β) used to detect all vessel shapes
  • Repository Github FrangiVesselnessSegmentation

Masking

>0

13 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

Temporal Correlation Matrix

  • The signal is strongly temporally correlated in arteries
  • Averaging of the temporal trace in all vessels (vesselness>0 mask) : vein signal just add an offset that is erased (0-mean pulse)

%% Compute first correlation to find arteries

pulse = squeeze(mean(videoM0 .* (vesselnessIm>0), [1 2]));

pulse_init = pulse - mean(pulse, "all");

pulse_init_3d = zeros(N,M,L);

3D

14 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

Temporal Correlation Matrix

  • Local to average Zero-lag correlation

% compute local-to-average pulse wave zero-lag correlation

correlationMatrix_artery = squeeze(mean((videoM0_zero .* pulse_init_3d), 3)).*(vesselnessIm>0);

​

% Create first artery mask

firstMaskArtery = (correlationMatrix_artery > PW_params.arteryMask_CorrelationMatrixThreshold*mean2(correlationMatrix_artery(correlationMatrix_artery>0)));

if PW_params.masks_cleaningCoroid

firstMaskArtery = firstMaskArtery & bwareafilt(firstMaskArtery | cercle_mask,1,4);

end

firstMaskArtery = bwareaopen(firstMaskArtery,PW_params.masks_minSize);

videoM0_zero

pulse_init_3d

vesselnessIm

.X

.X

=

Threshold

15 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

Anatomical features : Cleaning Choroid

  • All retinal vessels come from the Optic Disc

​

​

​

​

​

  • All vessel-like shapes not related to the optic disc

are erased

% compute local-to-average pulse wave zero-lag correlation

correlationMatrix_artery = squeeze(mean((videoM0_zero .* pulse_init_3d), 3)).*(vesselnessIm>0);

​

% Create first artery mask

firstMaskArtery = (correlationMatrix_artery > PW_params.arteryMask_CorrelationMatrixThreshold*mean2(correlationMatrix_artery(correlationMatrix_artery>0)));

if PW_params.masks_cleaningCoroid

firstMaskArtery = firstMaskArtery & bwareafilt(firstMaskArtery | cercle_mask,1,4); % 1 because just 1 most connected

end

firstMaskArtery = bwareaopen(firstMaskArtery,PW_params.masks_minSize);

16 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Correlation Matrix Artery

​

% Create correlation matrix to segment vein and arteries

correlationMatrix_artery = CorrelationMatrix./max(CorrelationMatrix,[],'all');

​

(Arteries signal to 1)

​

​

correlationMatrix_vein = CorrelationMatrix./min(CorrelationMatrix,[],'all');

correlationMatrix_vein(correlationMatrix_vein<-1) = -1;

​

(Veins signal to 1 and arteries signal threshold to -1)

17 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Region Growing

​

https://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/~grenier/?p=172

Seed mask

RG mask

Neighborhood likelihood association

Condition mask

Seed : initialization of the RG method

Condition : pixels were we follow positive gradient

18 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Region Growing

​

​

% Create seed artery mask and condition artery mask for region growing

correlationMatrix_arteryCondition = correlationMatrix_artery.*rescale(vesselnessIm);

level_artery = graythresh(correlationMatrix_arteryCondition); % Global image threshold using Otsu's method

seeds_artery = imbinarize(correlationMatrix_arteryCondition, level_artery./PW_params.RG_ArterySeedsThreshold); % S1

seeds_artery = bwareaopen(seeds_artery,PW_params.masks_minSize); % S2

condition_artery = imbinarize(correlationMatrix_arteryCondition,level_artery./PW_params.RG_ArteryConditionThreshold); % C1

% Cleaning condition

condition_artery = condition_artery & bwareafilt(condition_artery | condition_vein |cercle_mask,1,4); % C2

condition_artery = bwareaopen(condition_artery,PW_params.masks_minSize); % C3

% Cleaning seeds

seeds_artery = seeds_artery & condition_artery; % S3

​

Combine vesselness & temporal correlation

19 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Region Growing

​

[mask_vessel,RG_video_vessel] = region_growing_for_vessel(vesselnessIm, seeds_artery | seeds_vein, condition_vein | condition_artery,path);

​

mask_vessel = bwareafilt(mask_vessel, PW_params.arteryMask_magicwand_nb_of_area_vessels,4);

mask_artery = mask_vessel.*correlationMatrix_artery;

mask_artery = mask_artery>PW_params.arteryMask_ArteryCorrThreshold;

Region Growing method helps extend the segmentation of each vessel by their end

​

​

Sometimes, it helps also to merge 2 areas of a same vessel

Before RG

After RG

20 of 94

Segmentation : CreateMasks()

  • Imdilate + imclose + magicwand

​

mask_artery = bwareaopen(mask_artery,PW_params.masks_minSize);

mask_artery = imdilate(mask_artery,strel('disk',3));

mask_artery = imclose(mask_artery,strel('disk',5));

mask_artery = bwareafilt(mask_artery, PW_params.arteryMask_magicwand_nb_of_area_artery,4);

Final mask artery

21 of 94

22 of 94

Pulse init

Start of a pulse wave cycle (pulse init)

Sum of signal pulse of the video implemented to the pulse wave program

23 of 94

Calculation of Pulse Init

24 of 94

Detailed explanation of the way pulse wave works

Systole (signal increase)

Diastole (signal decrease)

25 of 94

Artery mask

26 of 94

function artery_mask = createArteryMask(video)

mask = std(video, 0, 3);

mask = imbinarize(im2gray(mask), 'adaptive', 'ForegroundPolarity', 'bright', 'Sensitivity', 0.2);

pulse = squeeze(mean(video .* mask, [1 2]));

​

pulse_init = pulse - mean(pulse, "all");

C = video;

for kk = 1:size(video, 3)

C(:,:,kk) = video(:,:,kk) - squeeze(mean(video, 3));

end

pulse_init_3d = zeros(size(video));

for mm = 1:size(video, 1)

for pp = 1:size(video, 2)

pulse_init_3d(mm,pp,:) = pulse_init;

end

end

C = C .* pulse_init_3d;

C = squeeze(mean(C, 3));

​

artery_mask = C > max(C(:))*0.2;

​

end

​

Artery Mask Algorithm

Correlate all pixels current pulse with initial pulse

Initial pulse : first assessment of averaged pulse wave

27 of 94

Artery Mask allows us to find the arteries & veins for the given video implemented in the pulse wave program

28 of 94

Artery Mask being the result of the correlation between pulse init & each pixel

Binary number with the following explanation: when the binary number equals 1, it shows an artery.

29 of 94

Analysis Complete Cycles

30 of 94

Comparison between initial pulse 0 & pulse init

Pulse init

Pulse init 0 (Initial pulse : first assessment of averaged pulse wave)

31 of 94

Detrend function

Binary number with the following explanation: when the binary number equals 1, it shows an artery.

32 of 94

Complete cycles

No cycles

Goal: Delete incomplete cycles

33 of 94

Application to analyse complete cycles

filepath = uigetfile("*");

V = VideoReader(filepath);

video = zeros(V.Height, V.Width, V.NumFrames);

for n = 1 : V.NumFrames

video(:,:,n) = rgb2gray(read(V, n));

end

for pp = 1:size(video, 3)

video(:,:,pp) = video(:,:,pp) ./ mean(video(:,:,pp), [1 2]);

end

mask = std(video, 0, 3);

mask = imbinarize(im2gray(mask), 'adaptive', 'ForegroundPolarity', 'bright', 'Sensitivity', 0.2);

pulse = squeeze(mean(video .* mask, [1 2]));

pulse_init = pulse - mean(pulse, "all");

y = pulse_init;

y = y/max(pulse_init);

y = detrend(y);

m = islocalmin(y);

jj = 1;

for ii = 1:size(m)

if m(ii) && y(ii) < 0

index(jj) = ii;

jj = jj + 1;

end

end

plot(app.UIAxes, y(index(1):index(size(index, 2))));

​

Pulse init calculation

Detrend application of pulse init

34 of 94

Findpeaks function

Search all maxima point in the signal

peaks

35 of 94

Diff function

Calcul the difference between all point in pulse init

36 of 94

Diff function

In the algorithm this function put the first of each cycle to a maxima peak

First of cycle

37 of 94

find the index of the beginning of each cycles

​

​

After use the diff function we can use findpeaks for find all the index of each cycles

The function will give all the index of peaks who they are higher than the value in parameter

38 of 94

Pulse init with only complete cycles

First cycle

End of cycle

Now we can print pulse init with only index of cycle

39 of 94

Volunteers

VoV=

40 of 94

230222_MAO0581

41 of 94

230615_BRZ0546

42 of 94

230614_CLH0192

43 of 94

230614_BEM0552

44 of 94

Glaucoma

VoV=

45 of 94

210119_MAG0314

46 of 94

210119_MAG0314 post_needling

47 of 94

230316_ANJ0618

48 of 94

230608_JOL0643

49 of 94

BRVO/CRVO

VoV=

50 of 94

191025_WAL0129 parameters segmentation?

51 of 94

Flat-field correction

52 of 94

List of cases

Carotid stenosis :�U:\191122_EKL0090\191122_EKL0090_OD_ONH1_HD_1 U:\191122_EKL0090\191122_EKL0090_OS_ONH1_HD_1 �V:\201105_SAY0290\201105_SAY0290_OD_ONH1_HD_1 V:\201105_SAY0290\201105_SAY0290_OS_ONH1_HD_1

Vasculitis :�V:\201019_BAE0275\201019_BAE0275_OD_ONH1_HD_1 V:\201019_BAE0275\201019_BAE0275_OS_ONH1_HD_1�X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_3_0 (+ 231218 + 231227 + 240103)

Glaucoma : �W:\210119_MAG0314\210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH2_HD_1 W:\210119_MAG0314\210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH_PostNeedling1_HD_1

BRVO : �U:\191025_WAL0129\191025_WAL0129_OS_ONH_UP1_0 U:\191025_WAL0129\191025_WAL0129_OS_ONH_UP2_0

CRVO : �W:\210202_DAJ0319\210202_DAJ0319_OS_ONH1_HD_1 W:\210308_DAJ0319\210308_DAJ0319_OS_ONH2_0

CRAO : �W:\210319_MAK0348\210319_MAK0348_OD_ONH_HD_1 W:\210407_MAK0348\210407_MAK0348_2_HD_2�MAC0423

53 of 94

List of cases

Takayasu :�U:\191126_BES0158\191126_BES0158_OS_ONH1_0�U:\191126_BES0158\191126_BES0158_OD_ONH1_1 U:\191126_BES0158\191126_BES0158_OS_ONH1_0�V:\200703_BES0158\200703_BES0158_OD_ONH1_0

AION : �U:\191112_FRA0143\191112_FRA0143_OD_ONH1_0 U:\191112_FRA0143\191112_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 U:\191129_FRA0143\191129_FRA0143_OS_ONH2_0

Hypertension:�HEK0256 MOF0214 GAF0248

HTIC: �FAK0274 BAM0330

54 of 94

Blood Volume Rates

55 of 94

AION (Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy)

Left eye (contralateral)

Right eye

56 of 94

AION (Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy)

after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy (17 days later)

Before treatment

57 of 94

Carotid Stenosis

Left eye

Right eye

58 of 94

Carotid Stenosis

Left eye (contralateral)

Right eye

[no vein detected]

59 of 94

Vasculitis

Left eye

Right eye (contralateral)

[no vein detected]

60 of 94

CRAO (Central retinal artery occlusion)

Left eye

Right eye (contralateral)

61 of 94

CRVO (Central retinal vein occlusion)

Left eye

Left eye, 1 month later. Visualization of Optociliary Shunt (Collateral) Vessels

62 of 94

Glaucoma

Right eye, IOP = 38 mmHg

Right eye, IOP = 7 mmHg, after needling the encapsulated bleb post-trabeculectomy

63 of 94

Repeatability

Healthy eye : X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_2_0 ✅ - X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_1_0 ✅ -X:\230222_MAO0581_OS_ONH_1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 42 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.814

Arterial blood flow : 38 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.894

OS

OS, same day

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.843

OS, 8 months later

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.811

OS, 4 months prior

64 of 94

Repeatability

Healthy eye : X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_2_0 ✅ - X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_1_0 ✅ -X:\230222_MAO0581_OS_ONH_1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 42 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.814

Arterial blood flow : 38 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.894

OS

OS, same day

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.843

OS, 8 months later

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.811

OS, 4 months prior

65 of 94

Repeatability

Healthy eye : X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_2_0 ✅ - X:\230615_MAO0581_OS12_1_0 ✅ -X:\230222_MAO0581_OS_ONH_1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 42 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.814

Arterial blood flow : 38 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.894

OS

OS, same day

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.843

OS, 8 months later

Arterial blood flow : 40 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.811

OS, 4 months prior

66 of 94

Carotid stenosis - V:\201105_SAY0290_OD_ONH1_2 ✅ - V:\201105_SAY0290_OS_ONH1_3 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 4 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.981

Arterial blood flow : 65 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.872

OD, Right Carotid Artery Stenosis 100%

OS, contralateral eye

ARI index : 0.872

ARI index : 0.981

67 of 94

Carotid stenosis - V:\201105_SAY0290_OD_ONH1_2 ✅ - V:\201105_SAY0290_OS_ONH1_3 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 4 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.981

Arterial blood flow : 65 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.872

OD, Right Carotid Artery Stenosis 100%

OS, contralateral eye

ARI index : 0.872

ARI index : 0.981

GIF

68 of 94

Carotid stenosis - V:\201105_SAY0290_OD_ONH1_2 ✅ - V:\201105_SAY0290_OS_ONH1_3 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 4 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.981

Arterial blood flow : 65 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.872

OD, Right Carotid Artery Stenosis 100%

OS, contralateral eye

ARI index : 0.872

ARI index : 0.981

69 of 94

Carotid stenosis - U:\191122_EKL0090_OD_ONH1_1 ✅ - 191122_EKL0090_OS_ONH1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 21 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

OD

OS

ARI index : 1

ARI index : 1

70 of 94

Carotid stenosis - U:\191122_EKL0090_OD_ONH1_1 ✅ - 191122_EKL0090_OS_ONH1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 21 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

OD

OS

ARI index : 1

ARI index : 1

GIF

71 of 94

Carotid stenosis - U:\191122_EKL0090_OD_ONH1_1 ✅ - 191122_EKL0090_OS_ONH1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 21 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

OD

OS

ARI index : 1

ARI index : 1

72 of 94

Vasculitis : - V:\201019_BAE0275_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ - 201019_BAE0275_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.880

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 53 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 3 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.880

OD, contralateral eye

OS

73 of 94

Vasculitis : - V:\201019_BAE0275_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ - 201019_BAE0275_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.880

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 53 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 3 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.880

OD, contralateral eye

OS

GIF

74 of 94

Vasculitis : - V:\201019_BAE0275_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ - 201019_BAE0275_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.880

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 53 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 3 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.880

OD, contralateral eye

OS

75 of 94

Vasculitis : - X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 231218_ORT0687_OS1234_1_0 ✅ - 240103_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 240123_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 57 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.716

Arterial blood flow : 52 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.851

Arterial blood flow : 22 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

Arterial blood flow : 34 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

OS, first observation

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy

OS, 20 days after first observation, administration of HUMIRA, anti-TNF α (immunosuppressant)

OS, 40 days after

76 of 94

Vasculitis : - X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 231218_ORT0687_OS1234_1_0 ✅ - 240103_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 240123_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 57 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.716

Arterial blood flow : 52 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.851

Arterial blood flow : 22 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

Arterial blood flow : 34 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

OS, first observation

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy

OS, 20 days after first observation, administration of HUMIRA, anti-TNF α (immunosuppressant)

OS, 40 days after

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

77 of 94

Vasculitis : - X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_3_0 ✅ - 231218_ORT0687_OD1234_1_0 ✅ - 240103_ORT0687_OS12OD34_3_0 ✅ - 240123_ORT0687_OD12OS34_1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 66 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.654

Arterial blood flow : 47 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.795

Arterial blood flow : 26 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.816

Arterial blood flow : 41 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.910

OD, first observation

OD, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy

OD, 20 days after first observation, administration of immunosuppressant (HUMIRA, anti-TNF α)

OD, 40 days after

78 of 94

Vasculitis : - X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 231218_ORT0687_OS1234_1_0 ✅ - 240103_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅ - 240123_ORT0687_OS12OD34_1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 57 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.716

Arterial blood flow : 52 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.851

Arterial blood flow : 22 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

Arterial blood flow : 34 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.961

OS, first observation

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy

OS, 20 days after first observation, administration of HUMIRA, anti-TNF α (immunosuppressant)

OS, 40 days after

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

79 of 94

Vasculitis : - X:\231213_ORT0687_OS12OD34_3_0 ✅ - 231218_ORT0687_OD1234_1_0 ✅ - 240103_ORT0687_OS12OD34_3_0 ✅ - 240123_ORT0687_OD12OS34_1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 66 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.654

Arterial blood flow : 47 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.795

Arterial blood flow : 26 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.816

Arterial blood flow : 41 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.910

OD, first observation

OD, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy

OD, 20 days after first observation, administration of immunosuppressant (HUMIRA, anti-TNF α)

OD, 40 days after

80 of 94

Glaucoma : W:\210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH2_1_old ✅ - 210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH_PostNeedling1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 18 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 36 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.729

OD, IOP = 38 mmHg

OD, IOP = 7 mmHg, after needling the encapsulated bleb post-trabeculectomy

ARI index : 0.729

ARI index : 1

81 of 94

Glaucoma : W:\210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH2_1_old ✅ - 210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH_PostNeedling1_1 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 18 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 36 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.729

OD, IOP = 38 mmHg

OD, IOP = 7 mmHg, after needling the encapsulated bleb post-trabeculectomy

ARI index : 0.729

ARI index : 1

GIF

82 of 94

Glaucoma : W:\210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH2_1 ✅ - 210119_MAG0314_OD_ONH_PostNeedling1_1 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.729

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 18 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 36 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.729

OD, IOP = 38 mmHg

OD, IOP = 7 mmHg, after needling the encapsulated bleb post-trabeculectomy

83 of 94

BRVO : U:\191025_WAL0129_OS_ONH_UP1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.944

Arterial blood flow : 32 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.944

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion, arterial blood flow variation

Blood velocity (mm/s)

84 of 94

BRVO : U:\191025_WAL0129_OS_ONH_UP1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.944

Arterial blood flow : 32 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.944

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion, arterial blood flow variation

Blood velocity (mm/s)

85 of 94

CRVO : W:\210202_DAJ0319_OS_ONH2_1 ✅ 210308_DAJ0319_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 24 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.858

OS

OS, one month later. Visualization of Optociliary Shunt (Collateral) Vessels

Blood velocity (mm/s)

Blood velocity (mm/s)

86 of 94

CRVO : W:\210202_DAJ0319_OS_ONH2_1 ✅ 210308_DAJ0319_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.858

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 24 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.858

OS

OS, one month later. Visualization of Optociliary Shunt (Collateral) Vessels

87 of 94

CRAO : - W:\210319_MAK0348_OD_ONH_0 ✅- W:\210407_MAK0348_2_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 12 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

OS

ARI index : 0.790

Arterial blood flow : 47 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.790

OD, contralateral

88 of 94

CRAO : - W:\210319_MAK0348_OD_ONH_0 ✅- W:\210407_MAK0348_2_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 1

Arterial blood flow : 12 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 1

OS

ARI index : 0.790

Arterial blood flow : 47 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.790

OD, contralateral

89 of 94

Takayasu : U:\191126_BES0158_OD_ONH1_1 ✅ V:\200703_BES0158_OD_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.549

ARI index : 0.462

Arterial blood flow : 52 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.462

Arterial blood flow : 27 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.549

OD

OD, 8 months later

90 of 94

Takayasu : U:\191126_BES0158_OD_ONH1_1 ✅ V:\200703_BES0158_OD_ONH1_0 ✅

​

ARI index : 0.549

ARI index : 0.462

Arterial blood flow : 52 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.462

Arterial blood flow : 27 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.549

OD

OD, 8 months later

91 of 94

AION : U:\191112_FRA0143_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ 191112_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅ 191129_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 74 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.690

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.780

Arterial blood flow : 69 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.733

contralateral eye

OS, Papilledema

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy (17 days later)

92 of 94

AION : U:\191112_FRA0143_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ 191112_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅ 191129_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 74 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.690

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.780

Arterial blood flow : 69 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.733

contralateral eye

OS, Papilledema

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy (17 days later)

93 of 94

AION : U:\191112_FRA0143_OD_ONH1_0 ✅ 191112_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅ 191129_FRA0143_OS_ONH1_0 ✅

​

Arterial blood flow : 74 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.690

Arterial blood flow : 39 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.780

Arterial blood flow : 69 µL/min

Arterial resistivity index : 0.733

contralateral eye

OS, Papilledema

OS, after high-dose intravenous pulse steroid therapy (17 days later)

94 of 94

Issue : high BVR variability with slight segmentation modifications.

210202_DAJ0319_OS_ONH2_HD_1_PW_3_volumeRateArtery

210202_DAJ0319_OS_ONH2_HD_1_PW_2_volumeRateArtery