Introduction to anatomy and its subdivisions

Activities:-

Visit anatomy lab, and observe facilities available.

Remember and classify everything available.

Refer to anatomy text and journal book, and turn over all chapters to feel familiar to subject.

Writing/drawing:-

Chart of subdivisions of anatomy

Write One word/sentence for meanings of all branches of anatomy

Enlist stationaries used for drawing of anatomy sketches diagrams

Understand difference between real photo/body part and schematic diagram

Discuss paper style of anatomy exam- theory and practical.

Discuss how to read/write/draw the subject matter.

Configure log book of today’s practical for revision.

Read paper style of first year subjects and remember marks distribution.

Speak all of these branches of anatomy, and then write down with meanings into (1) practice notebook (2) Terminology journal.

1. Gross anatomy/topographical anatomy

2. Microscopic anatomy (histology)

3. Surface anatomy

4. Comparative anatomy

5. Physical anthropology

6. Living anatomy

7. Clinical anatomy

8. Radiological anatomy

9. Developmental anatomy/embryology

10. Genetics

11. Experimental anatomy

Write down names and meanings of following terms in body.

Anatomical planes of adult and embryo

Positions of body, positions of embryo

Descriptive terms of body and embryo

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In Gross anatomy, body is divided into the following six regions:

1. Upper limbs

2. Lower limbs

3. Thorax

4. Abdomen

5. Head neck

6. Neuroanatomy

Refer to paper style of university, and syllabus given by council. Discuss your strategy to prepare and pass the exams.

Visit textbooks all regions written above, and see all diagrams and headings of topics.

Write down your observations below.

Histology Practical Introduction (In charge, Journal sign)

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Final exam weightage

Theory writing system

Practical/viva pattern

Journal preparation (Histo, Gross, Embryo)

Merged journal self prepared concept

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Android app reference- Histograms- Dr viren kariya (Google play)=New app name=Vesalius

Atlases- Di fiore, Jacqueria

Text recommended

J P Gunasegaran

Thieme’s histology

Balakrishna shetty- Journal landscaped- hand drawn figures

Histology lab instructions

Pencil is very fragile- Handle carefully.

Purchase same pencil from medical books store when its half used.

Carry same pencil in viva.

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Don’t draw till you read the topic from journal.

Don’t copy paste without understanding.

Try to draw on rough note without H&E pencil - use black pen, blue pen and pencil for rough drawing.

Can use same H & E pencil in final exam also.

Don’t photograph in mobile by yourself- we will provide important views in ppts.

Always read journal first, then go for textbook.

Try to remember theoretical features only- from similar original slides views.

Protect journal with transparent polythene cover

Protect from physical damage/theft/loss- Specially before exams.

Get signed regularly and don’t fall back.

In case of re-draw/false figure - paste blank paper over rejected diagrams.

Always write your full name and roll no. + mobile number over front page.

Come with completed journals in next practical, otherwise your attendance will not be credited.

Always check ppts after practicals also- to get updated slides (if any).

Rules for-

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Listening

Drawing

Reading

Speaking in class

Asking questions in (1) theory- single (2) in labs- group of 3

Discussion with peers on academic matters

Mobile phone handling

Recommended books from my side

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Those who have missed these instructions earlier, can collect these information from colleagues, about earlier lecture ppts.

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check your attendance regularly

Don’t ask may i come in during my lectures

Rules to attend lectures throughout the year

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Come after reading the chapter, and revise again during practicals

So, Actual reading happens before lecture ! Must follow displayed time table for that.

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There will be mixture of diagrams from various sources, so don’t try to find them all in books.

Keep recommended stationary ready. Keep the open book prone during lecture and use only when told.

Keep doubts ready

Listen in a way that - U r only person here

Get ready to speak suddenly as per my commands (rules for listening !)

Note down reflective writing words just after lecture

Keep anatomy notebook separate- for lectures and for homework both

Follow rules of drawing whenever discussed

Follow rules of reading@home/hostel. Follow rules of highlighting in books while reading.

Keep discussing during readings, and never read alone & continuous. Discuss only during reading gaps.

Follow fast yoga/relaxation/exercises inbetweeen readings of ½ hrs

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MBBS/BHMS THEORY PAPER SAMPLE

HUMAN ANATOMY:-

• It is the science which deals with the structure of the human body .
• The term ANATOMY is derived from a Greek word,
• ANATOME:- meaning cutting up.
• The term Dissection is Latin word.
• Anatomy forms firm foundation of whole art of medicine and introduces the student to greater part of medical terminology.

WRITE DOWN HOMEWORK PAGES ( DEADLINE 15 JANUARY)

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medi-wiki.com/index.php/blog

Basic Anatomical Terminology

Basic Anatomical Terminology

Directional Terms Used to Describe the Position of one Structure to Another

Superior/Inferior

(Cephalic/Caudal)

Anterior/Posterior

(Ventral/Dorsal)

Medial/Lateral

Intermediate: Between

Ipsilateral/Contralateral

Proximal/Distal

Superficial/Deep

Methods of dividing the Abdominopelvic cavity

Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Acro- extremity. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. �Adeno- gland. Adenoid is a lymph gland found in the nasopharynx. �Alba- white. Albinsm is the white appearance of skin lacking melanin. �Algia- pain. Neuroalgia is a pain following the course of a nerve. �Angi- vessel. Angioplasty is the repair of a blood vessel. �Arthro- joint. Arthritis is the inflammation of skeletal joints. �Auto- self. Autolysis is the destruction of body cells by bodily enzymes.

Bio- living. Biology is the study of living organisms. �Blast- germ, bud. Osteoblast is the germ of a bone cell. 

Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Blephar- eyelid. A blepharoplasty is eyelid surgery. �Brachi- arm. The brachialis muscle moves the arm. �Broncho- trachea, windpipe. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the respiratory system. �Bucc- cheek. The buccinator muscle is in the cheek.

  Capit- head. De-capitate means "Off With the Head!" �Carcin- cancer. A carcinogen is a substance which triggers cancer formation. �Cardia- heart. Cardiologist is a heart specialist. �Cephal- head. Cephalon is another term for the brain. (see capit-) �

Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

• Cerebro- brain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is fluid circulating within the brain and spinal cord. �Chole- bile, gall. Cholecestectomy is removal of the gallbladder. �Chondro- cartilage. A chondrocyte is a cartilage cell. �Chroma- color. Chromosomes are so named because they took color easily when dye is added to a cell. �Cili- eyelash. Supercilia are eyebrows -- the hairs above the eyelashes. �Corpus- body. Corpus albicans is the white body inside an ovary. �Corona Crown. Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle run along the heart, encircling it like a crown.The coronary ligaments of the liver (which encircle the liver like a crown), the coronal suture and the corona of the glans penis, all structures which encircle something (like a crown). �Cost- rib. Costal cartilages attach ribs to the sternum. �Cut- skin. Cutaneous tissue is skin tissue. 

Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Cysti- sac, bladder. �Cyto- cell. Cytology is the study of cells.

Dactyl- digits. Polydactylism is the presence of more fingers than is normal. �Derma- skin. Dermatologists are skin specialists. (see cut-) �Dura- tough, hard. Dura mater is the tough covering around the brain and spinal cord. Entero- intestine. Enteritis is inflammation of the intestines. �Erythro- red. Erythrocytes are red blood cells.

Galacto- milk.Galactose-Milk Sugur; Galactosemia is the lack of ability to digest one of milk's sugars. �Gastro- stomach, belly. Gastric juices are produced in the stomach. �Glosso- tongue. Hypoglossal means "below the tongue". �Glyco- sugar. Glycosuria is sugar in the urine.

  Hema- blood. Hemaglobin is a large molecule of the red blood cell. �Hepato- liver. The hepatic vein drains blood away from the liver. �Hyster- uterus. Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus.

Ileo- ileum. Part of the small intestine. �Ilio- ilium. Part of the hip bone.

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Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Lachry- tears. Lacrimal glands secrete tears. �Leuko- white. Leukocytes are white cells of the blood. (see alba-) �Lingua- tongue. Sublingual glands are beneath the tongue. (see glosso-) �Lipo- fat. Liposuction is the removal of fat by suction tube. �Lith- stone. Shock wave lithotripsy is a treatment for breaking up kidney stones. �Lumbo- lower back. Lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back.

Macul- spot, blotch. The macula lutea is a spot on the retina of an eyeball. �Mamm- breast. Mammogram is a picture of a breast, usually a female breast. �Mast- breast. Aren't we showing our obsession with breasts? �Meningo- membrane. Meninges are the coverings of the brain and spinal cord. �Metro- uterus. Endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. (see hystero-) �Morpho- shape. Endomorphs are people whose physical shape extends to the limits of human dimension. �Myelo- spinal cord. Poliomyelitis is inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord. �

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Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Myo- muscle. Myo-cardiac infarction is a problem with the heart muscle.

  Necro- death. Necrosis is death of cell tissue. �Nephro- kidney. Nephrons are the functional units of a kidney. �Neuro- nerve. Neurons are individual nerve cells.

Oculo- eye. An oculist supplies eyeglasses. �Odont- tooth. Othodontics refers to repair of teeth. �Onco- tumour. Oncology is not doctors wearing pagers; it is the study of cancerous tumours. �Ophthalm- eye. Ophthalmology is the study of eye and its diseases. �Oro- mouth. The oral cavity is the other name for the mouth. �Orchido- testicle. Orchidectomy is removal of a testicle. �Osse-, Osteo- bone. Osteoporosis is porosity of bone. �Oto- ear. Otosclerosis is the formation of bone in the ear.Otomycosis-fungal infection in ear

  Patho- disease. Pathogens are agents which cause disease. �Peps- digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme found in the digestive system. 

Latin and Greek Prefixes and Suffixes

Phago- eat. Phagocytes are cells (cyto-) which eat foreign material. �Philo- love, to have an affinity for. Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water (hydro-) �Phleb- vein. Phlebitis is inflammation of the veins. �Phren- diaphragm. Phrenic refers to a diaphragm. �Pneumo- lung. Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs. �Pulmo- lung. Are lungs related to breasts? �Pyo- pus. Pyruria is pus in the urine.

  Ren- kidney. Renal artery supplies blood to the kidney. �Rhin- nose. Rhinoplasty is a nose job

  Scler- hard. Atherosclerosis is hardening of the arteries. (see dura-) �Stasis- stand still. Homeostasis is the process of maintaining constant conditions within the body.

  Thromb- clot, lump. Thrombosis refers to a clot in the heart or blood vessel. �Trich- hair. Trichosis is a disease of the hair.

  Vas- vessel, duct. Vas deferens is the vessel which carries sperm from the epididymus. �Viscer- organ. Visceral refers to organs.

  Zoo- animal. Zoology refers to the study of animals. END