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A Study on Blood Donor Rejection Rate and Analysis of the Causes

Sn Halimatul Saadiah Bt Mohamad

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews(IJSRR)

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INTRODUCTION

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  • Blood bank plays a vital role in managing patient associated to transfusion.
  • Many hospitals has a blood bank facility set up within premises for their own patient use.
  • Good quality products includes, such as good infrastructure, proper selection of blood donor, reliable method of testing for TTI and well trained personnel.

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  • The prospective blood donors can be deferred according to deferral criteria.
  • This study aims to find out the blood donor rejection rate (at pre-donation level) in a 6month period from January 2017 to June 2017 at Govt. Vellore Medical College and Hospital, Vellore.

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OBJECTIVE

1. To find out the blood donor rejection rate at the Pre-donation level.

2. To analyse the causes of rejection.

3. To suggest methods to decrease the donor rejection rate.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS:

  • All details required for eligibility for blood donation were recorded in the standard format.
  • The reasons for donor deferral were listed and analysed. Suggestions to further reduce the rejection rate is given.
  • All those who presented themselves for blood donation were requested to fill up a blood donor enrolment form.

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  • Relevant history of medical & surgical was obtained.
  • Also history suggestive of any transfusion transmissible infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, HCV Infection, Malaria and Syphilis were recorded.
  • A general examination for pallor, icterus, clubbing, Lymphadenopathy and leg edema was done.
  • Vital signs- pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate were recorded.

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  • A brief Systemic examination done.
  • Hemoglobin level was assessed by Specific gravity method using Copper sulphate solution with Specific Gravity 1.053.
  • The signature of donor was obtained as consent for blood donation and declaration of genuinity of details.
  • Those who met all criteria for blood donation were allowed to donate.
  • subjects who were rejected from blood donation were included in the study.
  • The rejection rate was calculated according to causes for deferral data was tabulated and analysed.

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RESULTS

  • 2908 of subjects who came forward to donate blood either at Govt. Vellore Medical College Hospital Blood Bank or at blood donation camps organized by the blood bank during the study .
  • period of the study was 6 months, between January and June 2017.
  • 64 were deferred for various reasons. This gives a deferral rate of 2.15%. The distribution of cases for various causes of deferral are shown in the Table 1.

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TABLE 1- Etiological distribution of deferrals

Reason of

deferral

Number of rejects

No. of rejects

(as % of Total deferred)

Low Hemoglobin

23

35.94

Underaged

17

26.57

Recent alcohol intake

5

7.82

Menstruating

5

7.82

Under weight

4

6.25

Thyroid disorders

2

3.12

Recent history of Jaundice

2

3.12

History of major surgery

2

3.12

Asthmatics

2

3.12

Epileptics

1

1.56

Dermatological disease

1

1.56

TOTAL

64

100.00

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DISCUSSION

  • Donor eligibility criteria is set in order to ensure both donor and patient safety.
  • Rejection or being deferred is likely to lead donors to be less motivated to return for donation.
  • Therefore, preventing unnecessary deferral and educating donors is important.

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  • It is important to reassure and motivate donors to return to donate blood.
  • If donor is educated on why they are being deferred and how to prevent it will be useful.
  • this study 82.6% of deferral due to low Hb level were female.
  • Most of those deferred for being underaged were boys (under 18 were more willing to came forward for blood donation compared with female.
  • Rejects due to “recent alcohol intake” were males due to higher prevalence of alcohol intake in males when compared with female.

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CONCLUSION

  • Careful selection of blood donors is an important aspect of any blood transfusion service.
  • This is the first step of filtration of prospective donors to ensure safe blood transfusion.
  • Addressing the temporary deferrals suitably can ensure further decrease in rejection rate. It is very important to spend adequate time to ”educate” the rejected donors ,be it temporary or permanent deferrals.

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Deferrals as in PDN from januari to June 2018

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SUGGESTION

  • Ensure detail explanation is given to donor upon deferring and educate on duration and purpose of deferral.
  • Explaining in detail helps them understand and overcome their disappointment of not being allowed to donate blood.
  • Revised our deferral criteria donor.
  • Constant CME regarding donor assessment.
  • Constant updates on evolvement of donor criteria.
  • Proper donor education on risk factors is important for safe transfusion practice.

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Thank You