​

​

Bloodborne Pathogen�Training�

�

​

His Branches

Why are you receiving this training?

• For your protection
• For your awareness
• For patient protection
• Training required for all patient facing staff.

What are Bloodborne Pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood/infectious bodily fluids and can cause disease in humans.

What are some common Bloodborne Pathogen diseases?

• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• HIV
• Syphilis
• Malaria
• Ebola

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

​

• HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS��
• HIV does not survive well outside the body

​

• No threat on contracting HIV �through casual contact

Hepatitis B (HBV)

​

• Hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus.
• About 1 in 2 people with hepatitis B do not know they are infected.
• HBV is contagious and spreads through contact with infected blood and body fluids.
• Vaccination is the best way to prevent infection.

​

• May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death
• Vaccination available since 1982
• HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood
• Symptoms can occur 1-6 months after exposure
• HBV can be up to 100x more contagious than HIV due to concentration levels in the blood

CDC Link

Hepatitis B Vaccination

• Vaccine is a series of three shots over 6 months.

​

• Risks are usually mild, but se VIS sheet if you need more info.

​

• Benefit is that you are protected from contracting Hepatitis B if exposed.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

• Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States
• Most infected people are asymptomatic
• The best prevention is avoiding behaviors that can spread the disease.
• Testing and treatment can prevent complications related to hepatitis C infection and interrupt transmission.
• Simple, well-tolerated treatments can cure more than 95% of hepatitis C cases.
• If untreated, may lead to chronic liver disease and death

How do we come in contact with infectious bodily fluids?

​

• Splashes to mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, nose)
• Contact with broken skin
• Needlestick injury with dirty sharps/needles

​

Bodily Fluids Considered Infectious Under Universal Precautions

• Blood
• Semen/Vaginal secretions
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Pleural fluid
• Peritoneal fluid
• Amniotic fluid
• Saliva (in dental procedures), and
• Any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.

​

Bodily Fluids Not Considered Infectious Under Universal Precautions

​

​

• Feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine or vomitus unless they contain visible blood.

​

• This is why we can throw dirty diapers and used kleenex in the trash can at HBI

​

• Per OSHA “Bandages which are not saturated to the point of releasing blood or OPIM if compressed would not be considered as regulated waste”

CDC Link

OSHA Link

What Precautions should you take to avoid infection?

• Use PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) whenever coming in contact with blood and bodily fluids.
• Treat all blood or bodily fluids as if they are contaminated - this is known as universal precautions

​

• Use gloves whenever you might come into contact with blood or bodily fluids

​

• Use eye protection and face shield when there is any possibility of spray or splash;

• Always use CPR mouth-to-mouth barriers when giving rescue breaths
• Properly dispose of all contaminated material

What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

• Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure
• Latex or Nitrile gloves, goggles, CPR mouth barriers, gowns, lab coats

What about hand washing?

• Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
• Use a soft antibacterial soap
• A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible

Reducing Exposure for Patients

• Any instrument that has contacts blood (or potentially) is a single use device - i.e. lancets, razors, etc.

​

• No items of any kind are to be used on multiple patients if contaminated with blood.

Disinfection and Clean Up

• Any item that needs to be disinfected needs to be disinfected with Cavi-Wipes or 10:1 water bleach solution.

​

• Any item that has absorbed bodily fluid must be placed in biohazard container.

​

Disposal Containers

• Any bodily fluid or item contaminated with bodily fluid needs to be disposed of in proper biohazard container.

​

• All biohazard containers need to be labeled appropriately.

​

• Used sharps need to go in sharps

container.

​

Reportable Exposure

Per CDC: “Facilities are not required to collect data for exposures that involve intact skin or exposures to body fluids that do not carry a risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission (e.g., feces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, urine and vomitus) unless these are visibly contaminated with blood. However, facilities that routinely collect data on such exposures may enter this information into the system.”

CDC Link

What counts as an exposure incident?

• Contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid
• If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open or broken skin, it is not considered an incident
• Report all incidents involving blood or bodily fluids to your supervisor

​

What should you do if you have an exposure?

1. Wash immediately with soap and water
2. Report to your supervisor
3. Your supervisor will discuss with the patient and obtain their consent to get tested for HIV and Hep C. May also add Hep B and syphilis testing, based on patient risk factors.
4. Your supervisor and Mike Weston will start a workers comp claim and send you to urgent care or a workers comp facility.

Quiz

1. Name two of the most common bloodborne pathogens: ____________________________________________

2. After exposure to potentially infected bodily fluids, you should immediately: ___________________________

3. HIV and HBV can be transmitted when infected bodily fluids directly contact the eyes or non-intact skin. � True or False

4. The risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is only possible when blood is present in the bodily fluid.� True or False

5. Treating all body fluids as infected is known as __________________________________ Precautions.

​

Quiz ^(cont.)

6. HIV stays alive in dried blood. True or False
7. Name one way you might be exposed to human blood at your workplace: ____________________________
8. Besides disinfectant/cleaner, what other solutions can be used to decontaminate equipment or surfaces?

​

Quiz Answers

1. HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV).
2. You should immediately wash any exposed areas.
3. True. Infected bodily fluids need to directly contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin.
4. True. Although many bodily fluids may be infectious, they must contain blood to carry bloodborne pathogens.
5. Treating all bodily fluids as infected is known as Universal Precautions.

Quiz Answers

6. False. HIV dies almost immediately. HBV can live as �long as one week.
7. Administering first aid, decontaminating equipment, �doing janitorial work, etc.
8. A solution of bleach and water.

​