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Serological evidence of exposure to Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle from Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia - Preliminary Data

Presenter: Aamir Muse Osman

1 Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade

Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2 Abrar Research and Training Centre, Abrar University, Mogadishu, Somalia

3 Somali One Health Centre, Abrar University, Somalia

23 March, 2022

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Introduction

  • Population: 16 million people
  • Livestock dependent country
  • Livestock contributes about 60% to GDP and more than 50% of export earnings

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Introduction

  • Cattle population:
  • More than 5.1 Million heads in 2013.
  • The herd structure is comprised of 80-87% female herd with 20-30% lactating.

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Introduction

  • T&TBDs affect 80% of the world’s cattle population.
  • Cause numerous health and economic effects.
  • Gross financial losses of approximately USD 13.9 - 18.7 billion per year worldwide

Hurtado and Giraldo- Ríos, 2019).

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Introduction

  • Babesiosis:
    • Tick borne disease
    • Hemoparasites (intraerythrocytic protozoan)
    • Apicomplexan protozoa

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Introduction

  • Bovine Babesiosis:
    • Distribution world wide
  • Most Importan
    • Babesia bigemina
    • Babesia bovis
    • Babesia divergens

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Bock et al., 2004

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Introduction

  • Previous study:
    • Caille, (1987)
      • Found Babesie rodhiani. 51.65%
  • No study on B. bigemina and B. bovis in Somalia

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Aim

  • This study aimed to determine the seropositivity for B. bovis and B. bigemina in cattle using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISA).

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Material and Methods

  • Study are:
  • Awdhegle, Wanlaweyn, and Afgoye districts in the lower Shabelle region, Somalia.
  • January to February 2020.

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Material and Methods

  • Blood sampling:
    • Wanlaweyn: 46
    • Awdhegle: 64
    • Afgoye: 18

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Material and Methods

  • Serum sampling
  • Whole blood samples collected were centrifuged at 2000 x g for 10 minutes to separate the sera.
  • Serum were stored at -20 ºC until further serological tests.

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Material and Methods

  • The antibodies against B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected by the indirect ELISA technique (iELISA).
  • The cutoff values:
    • B. bovis, 0.248
    • B. bigemina: 0.256

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Material and Methods

  • Statistical Analysis
  • Chi-square test
  • Odds ratio, 95% CI, P-values
  • P < 0.05
  • Epi InfoTM software, version 7.2.3.1
  • SPSS 26 Version

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Results:

  • The overall seropositivity for
    • B. bovis: 94/128 (73.4%, 95% CI: 64.9 – 80.9),
    • B. bigemina: 95/128 (74.2 %, 95% CI: 65.7 – 81.5).
  • IgG antibodies to only
    • B. bovis: 6/128 (4.7%, 95% CI: 1.7 – 9.9)
    • B. bigemina: 7/128 (5.5%, 95% CI: 2.2 – 10.9).
  • Co-seropositivity was observed in 88/128 (68.8%, 95% CI: 59.9 – 76.7) animals.

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Inferential test�

Variable

 

B. bovis

B. bigemina

 

 

+/n

Prevalence (%)

(95% CI)

P-value

 

OR (95% CI)

+/n

Prevalence (%)

(95% CI)

P-value

 

OR (95% CI)

Location

Awdhegle

57/64

89.1 (78.8 – 95.5)

<0.0001 (χ2 = 24.1)

 

16.3 (4.5 – 57.2)

59/64

92.1 (82.7 – 97.4)

<0.0001 (χ2 = 21.4)

 

14.8

(4.1 – 54.3)

Wanlaweyn

25/46

54.3 (39.1 – 69.1)

 

0.143 (χ2 = 2.28)

 

2.4 (0.8 – 7.4)

28/46

60.9 (45.4 – 74.9)

0.052 (χ2 = 1.4)

 

1.9 (0.6 – 5.9)

Afgoye

6/18

33.3 (13.3 – 59.1)

Ref

 

8/18

44.4 (21.5 – 69.2)

Ref

 

Body condition

Good

46/69

66.7 (54.3 – 77.6)

0.05 (χ2 = 3.81)

 

0.2 (0.1 – 1.1)

44/69

63.8 (51.3 – 75.1)

0.01 (χ2 = 6.9)

 

0.1 (0.01 – 0.8)

Moderate

31/40

77.5 (61.6 – 89.2)

0.29 (χ2 = 1.22)

 

0.4 (0.1 – 2.1)

33/40

82.5 (67.2 – 92.7)

0.23 (χ2 = 1.6)

 

0.3 (0.02 – 2.3)

Poor

17/19

89.4 (66.9 – 98.7)

Ref

 

 

18/19

94.7 (73.9 – 99.9)

Ref

 

Age

<2

8/9

88.9 (51.8 – 99.7)

0.42 (χ2 = 0.71)

 

2.6 (0.3 – 22.1)

8/9

88.9 (51.8 – 99.7)

0.33 (χ2 = 1.09)

 

3 (0.4 – 25.7)

2-5

36/53

67.9 (53.7 – 80.1)

0.35 (χ2 = 0.89)

 

0.7 (0.3 – 1.5)

39/53

73.6 (59.7 – 84.7)

0.92 (χ2 = 0.01)

 

1.04 (0.5 – 2.4)

>5

50/66

75.8 (63.4 – 85.5)

Ref

 

48/66

72.7 (60.4 – 82.9)

 

 

Tick presence

No

71/96

73.9 (64 – 82.4)

0.80 (χ2 = 0.05)

 

1.1 (0.5 – 2.7)

71/96

73.9 (64 – 82.4)

0.92 (χ2 = 0.01)

 

0.9 (0.4 – 2.4)

Yes

23/32

71.9 (53.2 – 86.2)

Ref

 

24/32

75 (56.6 – 88.5)

Ref

 

Abbreviations: +, number of positive animals; n, number of samples; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio

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Conclusion:

  • Our preliminary data showed a high soropositivity for B. bovis and B. bigemina in cattle from Somalia.
  • The genetic diversity of Babesia Spp. will be assessed by phylogenetic inferences based on the msa-1, msa-2b, msa-2c.

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Acknowledgements

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Thank you

Thank you

One World, One Health

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