TOPIC 10. ORGANIZATION OF ANIMATION SERVICES IN MUSEUMS

Turayev O

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PLANS:

• Historical reconstruction, its goals and objectives.
• Types of historical reconstruction in international practice.
• Organization of animation services in museums.
• Various types of clothing in animation tourism.

• Interactivity in the museum means special technologies, which allow replacing the passive perception of the guide's traditional narrative and the exposition with the active interaction of the museum visitor with its exhibits. Full interactivity can only be achieved in specially designed interactive museums. Museum animation is one of the ways to overcome the visitor's traditional alienation from the museum.

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• Animation activity in museums is perceived quite differently - from optimism to complete rejection. Nevertheless, it exists in museum practice.
• Animation in museums can take the following forms.
• 1. Inclusion of animated moments in the traditional excursion through the museum halls.
• 2. Cycles of animated interactive programs for children and adults.
• 3. Performances on museum themes.
• 4. A series of performances-portraits "Human Theater" based on the use of museum funds.
• 5. Museum activities outside the museum.
• 6. A performance-visit map of the city, prepared on the basis of the museum.
• 7. Use of animation moments when opening exhibition-museum projects.
• 8. Creation of special animation projects for conducting educational excursions in museums.

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• In contrast, theatrical performances in museums are understood as the use of certain theatrical techniques when working with visitors, based on the specifics of the museum (use of expositions and museum funds, involvement of museum staff as performers, adaptation of the subject to the museum profile, etc.).
• Let us first define the range of tasks that can be successfully solved by the methods of theatricalization of the museum.
• 1. Achieving increased expressiveness in the process of excursion of exhibitions by joining them in the traditional language of theatrical performances.
• 2. Expansion of the historical and cultural space of the museum exposition through the interaction of actors, museum objects, and possibly museum visitors.
• 3. The actualization of intangible things is a cultural heritage, which requires the integral participation of man in its manifestation.

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• 4. Connection of possibilities: modern methods of influencing viewers with the traditional capabilities of museums (visual art, installations, performances).
• 5. Achieving the most complete expression in the theatrical movement of the essence of a person (in his social and individual manifestations), whom the museum exposition strives to "tell" with its nonverbal means.

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• Let's focus on the specific features that distinguish the theatricalization of the museum.
• Firstly, it is saturated with the content of documents in museum collections or exhibitions. Naturally, documents are not simply read. Actions are built on them, their texts are used in dialogues, letters, thinking actors work. And the plot development of the play itself has a documentary basis, but this does not mean claiming a declaration through the theatrical action of some historical truth in the "final measure." Documents are used here not only as historical sources, but also as a means of recreating the atmosphere and zeitgeist.
• Secondly, as a rule, real museum objects are used instead of theatrical props, of course, there is no risk of any damage to them.

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• Thirdly, the uniqueness of the museum's performance is connected with its performers. In order for the performance not to be "one-time," it is necessary to involve museum staff in the number of participants. There are certain risks associated with the risk of decreased performance. Although there are very positive examples.
• Finally, we will show the objects of theatricalization of the museum, which can play a dominant role in the theatrical movement or its individual episodes.

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• Year after year, museum animation is becoming increasingly popular. Museums began to take shape almost simultaneously with the emergence of museums as a unique educational institution, one of the main socio-pedagogical functions. The ideological basis for the development of museum work was the French and German Enlightenment, in the context of whose philosophical concepts the socio-cultural orientation of the museum emerged and developed, serving as a center for the popularization of culture.�Currently, the educational component of working with various categories of children and adolescents is being activated in the activities of museums. The article describes the educational aspects of museum activity, examines the main stages of the cultural and educational activities of museums, their content and forms. Makeeva I.A. identified the main stages of periodization of the cultural and educational activities of local museums, the change of which is associated with a change in public perceptions of the purpose of the museum.

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• Museums have several forms of animated programs for events. Animation is a relatively new direction, attracting the personal participation of tourists in tourist activities, game italized show programs, sports and cultural-entertainment events. This phenomenon is a product of competition between tourism organizations that strive to diversify the rest of their clientele.
• Animation programs developed in the context of specific types of recreation have specific features. They are aimed at recreating and activating tourists.
• On animation in museums Kalugina T.P. The Art Museum as a cultural phenomenon was considered by T. V. Galkina.

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• E.G. Vanslova wrote about the development of leisure forms of museum and pedagogical activity. "Museum General Education: Scientific and Practical Recommendations," L.S. "Socio-Pedagogical Activities of the Local History Museum: History, Theory, Methodology." Kosovo I.M. "Cultural and Educational Activities of Museums: Trends and Prospects." N.V. Nagorskiy wrote about the cultural and educational activities of museums. In the article "Museum as an Institute of Socio-Cultural Activity." Shlyaxtina L.M. studied the theory of museum work in her article "Fundamentals of the Theory and Practice of Museum Work."

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• It should be emphasized that the article of Makeeva I.A., describing the main stages of the periodization of the cultural and educational activities of local museums, is important for the research work; it is possible to highlight a number of museum models, the change of which is the reason for changing society's ideas about the purpose of the museum. The first model (Tuesday, half of the 18th century) is associated with the emergence of the first educational institutions (the "museum" of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, the museums of Mineralogy, Zoology, and others of the Moscow University), the creation and activities of which were connected with the functions of the educational institution.

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• The second model (late 19th - early 20th centuries) is the educational model, within which the goal of the museum and the delimitation of educational institutions and museum functions are understood, the main significance of which is the scientific and educational mission.
• The third model (20-50s of the 20th century) is a politicized model that defines the role of the museum as a state institution that carries out the communist education of citizens through its activities, creates a cultural and ideological environment, and, in general, defines the role of the museum as a state institution of the triumph of Marxist-Leninist ideology and the Soviet regime.

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• The fourth model (60s - mid-80s) is informational, characterized by the attitude towards the museum as a means of disseminating knowledge of a scientific nature; work with visitors has an ideological and educational character, is carried out under direct party control, and the visitor is considered as a kind of passive object, perceiving the information offered to him.
• The fifth model (late 80s - 2000s) is the communicative model, which, unlike the information model,...

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• The new history of museums in Uzbekistan began in 1992, and in the same year, many new museums were created, for example, the museum of one of the great Uzbek poets, Boborahim Mashrab, was created in Namangan, and in Khorezm, the Museum of Maqom Artists named after Hafiz Hajikhan Boltaboev, the Museum of "History and Applied Arts of Khorezm" in Urgench, the "Blacksmith's Museum" in Bukhara, and the House Museum of the People's Singer (Bakhshi) Islam Shair Nazar ogly in Samarkand region[1]. Later, in 1993, several museums began their work, among them the Khadicha Sulaymanova Museum, the first female lawyer and scholar in Uzbekistan, opened in Tashkent, the Mukkarramakhonim Turgunbayeva Museum of the famous dancer, and the famous shepherd, labor hero Jonboy Bashmanov Museum in the Tomdi district of Navoi. In 1994, the Museum of People's Artist Mukhiddin Rakhimov was established, in 1996, the Hydrometeorological Museum of Uzbekistan, which was of great importance, and in 1997, the House Museum of Salim Khamidov[2].

• One of the most noteworthy events was the opening on September 1, 1996, of the Museum of Olympic Glory, the only one of its kind in Asia, which gives a lot of information about the achievements and participation of Uzbek athletes on a global scale. The Law "On Fundamental Improvement and Improvement of the Activities of Museums," adopted on January 12, 1998, played an important role in the development of museums in Uzbekistan, after which museums were placed under state protection, and a program for the further development of museums was developed and supported by the state budget. In 1998, the Uzbekmuseum organization was established, and in 1999, the "Moziydan sado" magazine, informing about the life of museums, was created. This magazine began to be published in three languages: Uzbek, Russian, and English. In 1999, the number of state museums in Uzbekistan reached 81, including 15 history museums, 23 local history museums, 10 art museums, 20 memorial museums, 8 literature museums, and 4 medical museums. 10 major cities in Uzbekistan are listed as historical cities, for example: Bukhara, Samarkand, Khorezm, Kokand and others. Samarkand, in particular, is a city rich in historical monuments, which is visited by many foreign guests every year.
• Currently, the museums under the Ministry of Culture of Uzbekistan have 1,350 thousand exhibits.

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• Interactivity in the museum means special technologies, which allow replacing the passive perception of the guide's traditional narrative and the exposition with the active interaction of the museum visitor with its exhibits. Full interactivity can only be achieved in specially designed interactive museums. Museum animation is one of the ways to overcome the visitor's traditional alienation from the museum.
• Animation activity in museums is perceived quite differently - from optimism to complete rejection. Nevertheless, it exists in museum practice.

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THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM

Saint Petersburg, Russia

OVERVIEW

• The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg is one of the largest historical museums in the world. The museum exhibitions are displayed in five buildings and more than 350 halls. The main exhibition buildings include the Winter Palace, the Large, Small and New Hermitage, as well as the palace theater.

WINTER PALACE FACTS

• The Winter Palace located on the Neva River is about 200 meters long, 100 meters wide and 30 meters high. It has 1,057 rooms. 176 decorative lamps are installed on the tall white columns. The palace was built based on the design of the famous architect Rastrelli. Before becoming a museum, the Baroque-style palace served as the imperial residence.

• Animation in museums can take the following forms.
• 1. Inclusion of animated moments in the traditional excursion through the museum halls.
• 2. Cycles of animated interactive programs for children and adults.
• 3. Performances on museum themes.
• 4. A series of performances-portraits "Human Theater" based on the use of museum funds.
• 5. Museum activities outside the museum.
• 6. A performance-visit map of the city, prepared on the basis of the museum.

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THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM

Saint Petersburg, Russia

OVERVIEW

• The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg is one of the largest historical museums in the world. The museum exhibitions are displayed in five buildings and more than 350 halls. The main exhibition buildings include the Winter Palace, the Large, Small and New Hermitage, as well as the palace theater.

WINTER PALACE FACTS

• The Winter Palace located on the Neva River is about 200 meters long, 100 meters wide and 30 meters high. It has 1,057 rooms. 176 decorative lamps are installed on the tall white columns. The palace was built based on the design of the famous architect Rastrelli. Before becoming a museum, the Baroque-style palace served as the imperial residence.

HERMITAGE EXPANSION TO BARCELONA

• The Hermitage Museum planned to open a branch in Barcelona. The new museum was expected to be located in one of the city’s historic buildings. Along with the Hermitage collections, modern artworks would also be exhibited. The Barcelona branch was planned to open during the museum’s 250th anniversary events.

STRUCTURE AND GLOBAL IMPORTANCE

• Today, the State Hermitage Museum operates through eight departments. In addition to exhibitions, the museum includes archives, a library, and restoration workshops. The Hermitage is considered a treasure of world cultural heritage that inspires visitors worldwide.

YILDAN YILGA MUZEY ANIMATSIYASI TOBORA OMMALASHIB BORMOQDA. MUZEYLAR O'ZIGA XOSDIR TA'LIM MUASSASALARI, IJTIMOIY-PEDAGOGIK FUNKTSIYASI, ASOSIYLARIDAN BIRI SIFATIDA DEYARLI MUZEYLAR PAYDO BO'LISHI BILAN BIRGA SHAKLLANA BOSHLADI. MUZEY ISHINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING G‘OYAVIY ASOSI FRANTSUZ VA NEMIS MA’RIFATCHILIGI BO‘LIB, UNING FALSAFIY KONSEPSIYALARI KONTEKSTIDA MUZEYNING IJTIMOIY-MADANIY YO‘NALISHI VUJUDGA KELGAN VA RIVOJLANGAN, MADANIYATNI OMMALASHTIRISH MARKAZI BO‘LGAN.�HOZIRGI VAQTDA MUZEYLAR FAOLIYATIDA BOLALAR VA O'SMIRLARNING TURLI TOIFALARI BILAN ISHLASHDA O'QUV KOMPONENTI FAOLLASHTIRILMOQDA. MAQOLADA MUZEY FAOLIYATINING TARBIYAVIY JIHATLARI TAVSIFLANADI, MUZEYLAR MADANIY-MA'RIFIY FAOLIYATINING ASOSIY BOSQICHLARI, UNING MAZMUNI VA SHAKLLARI KO'RIB CHIQILADI. MAKEEVA I.A. MAHALLIY MUZEYLARNING MADANIY-MA'RIFIY FAOLIYATINI DAVRLASHTIRISHNING ASOSIY BOSQICHLARINI ANIQLADI, ULARNING O'ZGARISHI JAMIYATNING MUZEYNING MAQSADI HAQIDAGI G'OYALARNING O'ZGARISHI BILAN BOG'LIQ.

THE LOUVRE MUSEUM

• The Louvre Museum located in Paris, France ranks first in the world by the number of visitors. According to The Art Newspaper, about 8.3 million people visited the museum in one year. The museum attracts a large number of international tourists, with around 67% of visitors coming from abroad.

ISLAMIC ART DEPARTMENT

• In 2003, the Louvre opened its eighth department dedicated to Islamic culture and art. This department attracts many tourists and continues to expand its collections and exhibition spaces.

For the effective implementation of animation activities, three components are necessary: the concept of hotel animation activities using standard animation programs and methods of adapting them to real groups and individuals; the material and technical base for sports, recreation, and entertainment events; talented animators and technical personnel capable of implementing the concept, programs, and techniques.

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IN THE PROCESS OF WORK, THE FOLLOWING TASKS WERE SOLVED: 1) TOURISTS WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF BEHAVIOR, AND AN ANIMATION SERVICE PROGRAM WAS PROPOSED FOR EACH OF THEM. 2) A STRUCTURE FOR ORGANIZING THE ANIMATION SERVICE ON THE TERRITORY OF THE HOTEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. 3) FUNCTIONS OF SERVICE UNITS ARE DEFINED 4) ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION IS PROVIDED. THE EXPERIENCE OF COUNTRIES WITH A SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOPING TOURISM INDUSTRY SHOWS THAT THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY REQUIRES HIGH-QUALITY PROGRAMS, EXPENSIVE AND HIGH-QUALITY EQUIPMENT, NEW MANAGEMENT APPROACHES, AND HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL. JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF ANIMATION SERVICES IN PLACES OF ACCOMMODATION FOR VACATIONERS.

MUSEUM EXCURSIONS ARE VERY DIVERSE AND CAN BE CATEGORIZED BASED ON THE LOCATION OF THE EXCURSION, THE OBJECT OF THE DISPLAY, AS WELL AS THE NATURE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER, THE TARGET DIRECTION, AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXCURSIONISTS. EXCURSIONS CAN ALSO BE CONDUCTED INSIDE THE MUSEUM PREMISES - THROUGH EXPOSITIONS, EXHIBITIONS, FUNDS, AS WELL AS OUTSIDE THE MUSEUM PREMISES - THROUGH ATTRACTIONS AND MEMORABLE PLACES. COMPLEX EXCURSIONS ARE ALSO HELD, COMBINING THE MUSEUM EXPOSITION AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF MONUMENTS LOCATED IN NATURAL CONDITIONS ON A SINGLE THEME.

• The best form of recreation in a museum was and remains a museum excursion. According to modern concepts, "an excursion is an informative, educational, scientific, and enlightening collective examination of a museum, landmark, exhibition, natural object, etc., along a specific route under the guidance of a guide. The purpose of an excursion is to satisfy aesthetic needs during leisure time.

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STATE MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN

• On August 31, 1991, the Uzbek people achieved the long-awaited Independence. As in all spheres of our life, great historical changes have occurred in the activities of museums. In accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of April 21, 1992, the State Museum of the History of Uzbekistan was reorganized. In essence, it was on this date that the truly modern and national museum was founded. President Islam Karimov's Decree "On Fundamental Improvement and Improvement of Museum Activities" (January 12, 1998) marked a significant turning point in the development of our museums.

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• The museum contains more than 250 thousand ancient objects, finds, and artifacts, which allow us to learn about the history of the peoples of Central Asia who lived in the territory of Uzbekistan from the Stone Age to the present day.
• It is decorated with a 1st-century Buddha statue found in Surkhandarya region, a bronze Saka goat decorated with animal sculptures (4th-5th centuries BC), ancient pottery products, fabrics, coins, works of art, historical documents, photographs, and various other exhibits. The museum will allow visitors to get acquainted with the ancient civilization of the East and learn about the most important periods in the history of our region.

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STATE MUSEUM OF TIMURID HISTORY

• The State Museum of Timurid History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was established in 1996 on the initiative and under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov in connection with the 660th anniversary of the birth of Sahibkiran Amir Temur. Resolution No. 99 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 1996, was adopted on the establishment of the museum.�The main goal of the museum is to truthfully reflect and widely promote the high level of development of science, education, and culture in the era of Amir Temur and the Timurids, and to educate the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism based on our historical achievements and traditions imbued with a deeply humanistic spirit.�The main part of the museum's collection consists of manuscripts of the era of Amir Timur and the Timurids, correspondence with the rulers of various states, coins, ceramic and copper items, architectural decorative coverings, books, ethnographic objects, and works of artists of our country. The number of exhibits exceeds 2.5 thousand. Currently, 1,500 exhibits are being displayed in the museum halls at exhibitions such as "Culture and History of Writing in Uzbekistan," "Shahrukhiya Fortress-City," "Our Heritage Abroad," "Amir Temur-Clavijo-Samarkand," "Scenes from the Life of Amir Temur," "Amir Temur and the Timurid Era - Through the Eyes of Artists," and "The History of Amir Temur and the Timurid Era Through the Eyes of Scholars and Writers." Recently, a new exposition on the topic "The State Museum of Timurid History is 10 years old" was opened.

GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF UZBEKISTAN

• The Uzbek Geological Museum in Tashkent is the only geological museum in the country, which operates on the basis of the Institute of Geology and the Republican Academy of Sciences. The museum was opened in 1937. The museum's collection contains more than 6 thousand rare exhibits, which contain rare minerals and rocks from the Republic of Uzbekistan and other parts of the world.

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STATE MUSEUM OF NATURE OF UZBEKISTAN

• The State Museum of Nature of Uzbekistan is located in Tashkent and is one of the oldest not only in Uzbekistan, but also in all of Central Asia. It was opened in 1876, and since then the museum has been filled with exhibits belonging to representatives of the animal and plant world, including ancient people who lived in the territory of Uzbekistan. Currently, the museum's collection contains more than 400 thousand zoological and geological materials.

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• The museum is divided into four sections, which house exhibitions related to the life of animals and plants. Perhaps the most unusual and rare exhibits are the remains of mammoths, mutants of various animals, embryos, as well as exhibitions of birds and animals on the verge of extinction on Earth.
• To convey the interrelationships in nature as accurately as possible, the museum used the landscape method in depicting the expositions. With minimal detail and accuracy, this method helps to visually represent the ecosystem, natural landscape, various terrain, animals and trees, and even the solar system.
• Among the many exhibits in the museum, you can familiarize yourself with detailed information about the ostrich, ancient lion, albinos peacock, great turtle, and rare birds.

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TASHKENT MUSEUM

• For many centuries, Tashkent, located at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road, was the largest center of science, culture, and education. Many world-famous people lived here: rulers, scientists, prominent figures of culture and art, writers, poets, and artists.
• Today, our capital is developing and becoming one of the most important and prosperous megacities in Central Asia. Until now, not a single museum has been allocated for Tashkent.

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• Thus, in January 2020, after the visit of the country's President Sh.Mirziyoyev to the Alisher Navoi Park, now the Alley of Writers of Uzbekistan, a decision was made to establish a Tashkent Museum here.
• The new museum is located in the park, in the building of the former exhibition hall of culture and art. Nearby is the Alley of Famous Writers of Uzbekistan.

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• Undoubtedly, the Louvre is the most famous and largest museum in the world. There is no one who hasn't heard about this famous place. In the history of the Louvre, there have been many events that have influenced not only the museum's appearance, but also its collections.
• Initially, the Louvre was a medieval castle, and later a palace of French kings. It was built in 1190 by Philip Augustus. And only two centuries ago did it become a museum. The museum was first opened to tourists on November 8, 1793.

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• Recently, the entrance to the museum building, as well as the square in front of it, were modernized - architects installed a magnificent glass pyramid in the center of the square, which has become a unique symbol of the museum.
• Today the area of the Louvre is 200,000 square meters, and the area of the exposition presented in it reaches 60,600 square meters! The Louvre catalog contains 400,000 exhibits, which are divided into the following groups: the Art Department of Rome, Greece and the Ancient Etruscan Empire, the Department of Ancient Egypt, the Departments of Painting, Applied Arts, Graphics and Sculpture, the Department of Islamic Art, and the Ancient East. In the painting section, you will find works by Titian, Rembrandt, Dürer, Caravaggio, Rubens, Vermeer, Goya, and many other world-famous artists. The Louvre's landmark is undoubtedly Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa."
• If you want to visit the Louvre, one day will not be enough for you - its collection is very large and multifaceted!

• The whole world knows about Madame Tussauds's unique collection in London. There are about 400 wax figures here, among which are not only famous historical figures, but also famous personalities of our time.

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• Today, Madame Tussauds branches are located in 10 cities around the world, and the realism of many figures is complemented by technical details. So, some numbers can move, react to people's comments and actions, and even talk! The collection is regularly supplemented with new exhibits, including figures of presidents, show business and film stars, kings and queens. Interestingly, as soon as the real colleagues of the figures lose their popularity, their sculptures are silently removed from the collection.

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• The Vatican Museum in Rome is an entire complex of museums of various directions and eras. The museum today includes the Vatican Library and the Pinakothek, the Gregorian Egyptian Museum, the Gregorian Museum of Secular Art, the Etruscan and Ethnological Missionary Museum, the History Museum, the Christian Museum of Pius IX, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Chiaramonti Museum, and the Raphael Museum.

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HERMITAGE, ST. PETERSBURG.

• This enormous museum has the largest collection of paintings in the world. The Golden Room is particularly impressive with its amazing site and amazing stones that illuminate the history of the world from the Stone Age to the present day. The Hermitage Museum is the most visited museum in Russia. Located on the coast in the center of St. Petersburg. This is the entire museum complex, which includes six different buildings in a unique architectural design. Undoubtedly, the Emitaj is one of the largest museums in the world, a landmark of St. Petersburg.

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BRITISH MUSEUM IN LONDON.

• Millions of works of art from all over the world are collected here. The galleries of the British Museum are dedicated to the civilizations of Egypt, Greece, Rome, Asia, Africa, and medieval Europe, tracing the history and culture of humanity. It houses the marble of Parthenon, which once decorated the Athenian Parthenon. The museum attracts six million people annually. If you cannot enter the Egyptian Museum, you can see the largest and most comprehensive collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts outside of Cairo here. The new reading room of the British Museum, which you see in the photo below, is also impressive:

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EGYPTIAN MUSEUM IN CAIRO.

• In the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, you will find the world's most complete collection of Egyptian art. Among the thousands of treasures are the famous exhibits of Tutankhamun's tomb. In 1835, the Egyptian government established the Egyptian Antique Treasury Service to stop the looting of archaeological monuments and organize an exhibition of collected artifacts. In 1900, the Egyptian Museum building was built, which currently houses more than 120,000 objects from the prehistoric period to the Greco-Roman period, including ancient sculptures of Sphinx. If you are exploring the sights of Egypt, you should not miss the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

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STATE MUSEUM IN AMSTERDAM

• The Rijksmuseum is located near the center of Amsterdam. This is one of the largest museums you visit when you visit one of Europe's most beautiful capitals. The museum faces one of Amsterdam's magnificent waterways, and on the opposite side is a spacious panoramic area with a beautiful green lawn. Inside, you can fully immerse yourself in the art and history of Holland. With a collection of nearly 1 million works, it is a great place to enjoy the inspiring masterpieces of Rembrandt, Franz Hals, and other Dutch artists. Read more about this in the competition of the best museums in Amsterdam.

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