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Meaning of language: first, second and foreign language

By Priya Mondal

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Language is a divine gift of articulate speech through which a social group co-operates
It is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols
Range of variations in the language definitions

* general

* formal features

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Definition of Language

A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(Wardaugh).

A language is a symbol system based on pure of arbitrary conventions….infinitely extendable and modifiable according to the changing needs and conditions of the speakers.(Robins).

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Language is purely human and non-instinctive method of communication ideas,emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols

***”in all forms of human behavior“

what is life is what is language.

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Function & purpose

communicative

Non-communicative

Emotional expression

Social interaction

Power of sound

Instrument of thought

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srtucture

Two level model

Language

form

meaning

language

phonetics

phonology

grammar

semantics

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English is a West Germanic language spoken originally in England, and is now the most widely used language in the world.

It is spoken as a first language by a majority of the inhabitants of several nations.

English is called as international language

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The United Kingdom, the United States, the United States,Canada, the United States,Canada, Australia, the United States,Canada, Australia, Ireland, the United States,Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States,Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Caribbean nations.

It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.

It is widely learned as a second language It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union, many Commonwealth It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union, many Commonwealth countries and the United Nations, as well as in many world organizations.

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What is English as a Second Language?

ESL or ELL may stand for English as Second Language or English Language Learners
Students that have a primary language other than English can be serviced in all states
This is available in all grade levels, K-12.

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The status of English in india today

English has been playing an important role in our educational system as well in our social life.
The NEP remarks that special emphasis need to be paid on the study of english .
Today english is used , in all corners of the world by people from all walks of life.

Continuous use of modeling, rephrasing, and trying different and more authentic learning strategies and techniques. 1.) Use the language experience approach- students choose own reading and the teacher facilitates the questions, demonstrations, and information. The students create their story based on common experiences and the teacher records the story as the student creates it. The dictated story can be used for teaching skills such as capitalization, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar. Reading is best facilitated when it stems from what the students already have knowledge. 2.) Pattern Writing- will allow learners to link new and old information and get additional practice in using new structures and words. Students experiment with new words within a sentence frame already familiar to them. Make it more challenging by substituting more words and descriptions. 3.) Cognitive development approach- Use higher level thinking activities involving information processing, memory, comparisons, and language development. 4.) Directed Reading- directs the students to make explicit connections between print and meaning by responding to questions as they read only “segments” of the text. Segment and divide text to predict and ask questions to help comprehension. (Read 1^st segments of text and compare to original, read 2^nd segment and respond to more questions and predictions. After reading whole text, discuss overall reactions.)

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Importance of English

English as an international language
As an official language of administration
As A language of court
As a language of international trade and industry
In our social life
As a window on the modern world
As a link language
As a library language
English in media
In our Educational System

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English as an International Language

It helps in interlinking the people living in different countries

It is the common means of communication

Better understanding of different countries

Knowledge of English will make a person a citizen of the world

Over 1000 million speakers

900 million people in the Indian sub continent

Semi-official language over 60 countries

Over two third of world’s scientist write in English
English remains the leading international language, with an estimated

1.5 billion speakers across the world.

It is the language of modern scholarship, the internet and technology,

the global media and advertising, international politics and diplomacy,

and particularly, global business.

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AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

More than 200 years
Declared as associate official language (Act of parliament

1963)

Dominates the administrative business (centre &states)
All document and agreements are in English
Recognized as a associate official language with Hindi
The State governments orders also communicated in both

languages

English &Regional language
All central Government communication provided in English

version

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��As a Language of International Trade &Industry��The prolific growth of English is both a result and cause of globalization. �The boom in international trade has brought people from all cultures and countries together to exchange goods and services.�The role that English has played in driving global trade and reducing the sense of distance between countries�English has increasingly become the ‘lingua franca’ for international trade. �This is powerfully underlined by the calculation that an estimated 80 per cent of those communicating in English are non-native speakers. � ��

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��As a language of court��Still continues to be the language of court�There is no suitable language for legal transaction� supreme courts ,High courts ,District courts� Cases are presented &judgments are given in English�In our social Life � Take in English� write letters in English� Invitation cards ,social functions printed in English� Signature � ��

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As a library language

Key to the store house of knowledge
This-Most important role in India
World knowledge enshrined in English
Law, medicine ,engineering ,Agriculture Science and technology books available only in English
More than 70% of books printed in English
Higher Education –English is the medium of Instruction
The Indian Education Commission Stressed that English would play a vital role in higher education as an important library language

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As a window on the modern World

English is our window on the modern world” through which we can see the scientific ,technological, agricultural ,commercial and literary development taking place in the world (gain modern Knowledge)
Dr.Radhakrishnan commission observed English is a language rich in literature abounded with humanistic, scientific and technical knowledge “
Scientific mastery of English is the Only way to achieve the treasure of knowledge.

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English in our Educational System

It is the main medium of instruction at PG level
Taught as a second language at every stage of education in all states of India
Three language formula -1960
10+2+3 system-1978
It is taught as a compulsory subject
RIE have been set up to train teachers
Medical ,law, scientific researches is in English

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As a link language

Different states and different languages English link them together
English is our link other countries of the world
It is only with English we can establish social,economic,cultural and political relationship with other countries of the world.
ENGLISH is serves as a bridge between East &West

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English in Media

Dominant role in media

It is used as a medium of inter-state communication

Maximum number of magazines ,news papers printed in English

English as a Language of opportunity

Offers job opportunity

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What is the definition of a foreign language?

A foreign language is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken in, a specific country. Native speakers from that country usually need to acquire it through conscious learning, such as through language lessons at school, self-teaching, or attending language courses.