Lecture 17

Visualizations

Summer 2025

Adrian Salguero

1

Announcements

• Homework 4 due Sunday at 11:59pm
• Coding Practice 5 due tonight at 11:59pm
• Written Check-in 6 due tonight at 11:59pm

2

Data Visualization - Displaying Results

• Displaying information in a clear, understandable manner is a critical part of data programming
• This class won’t be covering how to select the best graph or chart to display your results…instead how to build basic graphs in Python
• Selecting the correct visualization is as important as being able to generate it using Python (if not moreso)

3

Matplotlib Documentation

Seaborn Documentation

Case Study: COVID Cases

• We will be using the following dataset here
• Collection of dates and amount of positive COVID cases
• Collected from this public dataset

4

Data Visualization: Presenting Results

What trends do you notice?

What are other questions you can ask about this data?

5

[{'date': '2020-01', 'positive': 2}, {'date': '2020-02', 'positive': 16}, {'date': '2020-03', 'positive': 5939}, {'date': '2020-04', 'positive': 9133}, {'date': '2020-05', 'positive': 7621}, {'date': '2020-06', 'positive': 11969}, {'date': '2020-07', 'positive': 24516}, {'date': '2020-08', 'positive': 17284}, {'date': '2020-09', 'positive': 13259}, {'date': '2020-10', 'positive': 21868}, {'date': '2020-11', 'positive': 64133}, {'date': '2020-12', 'positive': 66590}, {'date': '2021-01', 'positive': 69267}, {'date': '2021-02', 'positive': 28176}, {'date': '2021-03', 'positive': 4759}]

Data Visualization: Presenting Results

What trends do you notice?

Today’s question

How many daily positive cases of COVID are being reported?

What information may be missing?

6

[{'date': '2021-03-07', 'positive': 664}, {'date': '2021-03-06', 'positive': 778}, {'date': '2021-03-05', 'positive': 854}, {'date': '2021-03-04', 'positive': 795}, {'date': '2021-03-03', 'positive': 733}, {'date': '2021-03-02', 'positive': 935}, {'date': '2021-03-01', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-28', 'positive': 951}, {'date': '2021-02-27', 'positive': 1169}, {'date': '2021-02-26', 'positive': 1088}, {'date': '2021-02-25', 'positive': 872}, {'date': '2021-02-24', 'positive': 731}, {'date': '2021-02-23', 'positive': 1168}, {'date': '2021-02-22', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-21', 'positive': 890}, {'date': '2021-02-20', 'positive': 897}, {'date': '2021-02-19', 'positive': 1200}, {'date': '2021-02-18', 'positive': 1061}, {'date': '2021-02-17', 'positive': 1699}, {'date': '2021-02-16', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-15', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-14', 'positive': 880}, {'date': '2021-02-13', 'positive': 1008}, {'date': '2021-02-12', 'positive': 1453}, {'date': '2021-02-11', 'positive': 681}, {'date': '2021-02-10', 'positive': 811}, {'date': '2021-02-09', 'positive': 3068}, {'date': '2021-02-08', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-07', 'positive': 775}, {'date': '2021-02-06', 'positive': 1493}, {'date': '2021-02-05', 'positive': 1584}, {'date': '2021-02-04', 'positive': 1602}, {'date': '2021-02-03', 'positive': 1357}, {'date': '2021-02-02', 'positive': 1738}, {'date': '2021-02-01', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-31', 'positive': 1796}, {'date': '2021-01-30', 'positive': 1992}, {'date': '2021-01-29', 'positive': 2520}, {'date': '2021-01-28', 'positive': 1807}, {'date': '2021-01-27', 'positive': 1341}, {'date': '2021-01-26', 'positive': 1943}, {'date': '2021-01-25', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-24', 'positive': 1949}, {'date': '2021-01-23', 'positive': 2162}, {'date': '2021-01-22', 'positive': 2070}, {'date': '2021-01-21', 'positive': 2028}, {'date': '2021-01-20', 'positive': 2050}, {'date': '2021-01-19', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-18', 'positive': 3969}, {'date': '2021-01-17', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-16', 'positive': 2193}, {'date': '2021-01-15', 'positive': 2575}, {'date': '2021-01-14', 'positive': 2658}, {'date': '2021-01-13', 'positive': 1858}, {'date': '2021-01-12', 'positive': 5091}, {'date': '2021-01-11', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-10', 'positive': 2988}, {'date': '2021-01-09', 'positive': 4595}, {'date': '2021-01-08', 'positive': 3260}, {'date': '2021-01-07', 'positive': 1985}, {'date': '2021-01-06', 'positive': 2332}, {'date': '2021-01-05', 'positive': 1039}, {'date': '2021-01-04', 'positive': 8644}, {'date': '2021-01-03', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-02', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-01', 'positive': 4422}, {'date': '2020-12-31', 'positive': 1484}, {'date': '2020-12-30', 'positive': 2174}, {'date': '2020-12-29', 'positive': 1953}, {'date': '2020-12-28', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-27', 'positive': 3626}, {'date': '2020-12-26', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-25', 'positive': 2891}, {'date': '2020-12-24', 'positive': 2315}, {'date': '2020-12-23', 'positive': 1252}, {'date': '2020-12-22', 'positive': 4035}, {'date': '2020-12-21', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-20', 'positive': 2332}, {'date': '2020-12-19', 'positive': 3063}, {'date': '2020-12-18', 'positive': 2940}, {'date': '2020-12-17', 'positive': 61}, {'date': '2020-12-16', 'positive': 667}, {'date': '2020-12-15', 'positive': 652}, {'date': '2020-12-14', 'positive': 1410}, {'date': '2020-12-13', 'positive': 2228}, {'date': '2020-12-12', 'positive': 2421}, {'date': '2020-12-11', 'positive': 2557}, {'date': '2020-12-10', 'positive': 2977}, {'date': '2020-12-09', 'positive': 3650}, {'date': '2020-12-08', 'positive': 1182}, {'date': '2020-12-07', 'positive': 1773}, {'date': '2020-12-06', 'positive': 3080}, {'date': '2020-12-05', 'positive': 3138}, {'date': '2020-12-04', 'positive': 3312}, {'date': '2020-12-03', 'positive': 3401}, {'date': '2020-12-02', 'positive': 4702}, {'date': '2020-12-01', 'positive': 1314}, {'date': '2020-11-30', 'positive': 2179}, {'date': '2020-11-29', 'positive': 2624}, {'date': '2020-11-28', 'positive': 530}, {'date': '2020-11-27', 'positive': 2936}, {'date': '2020-11-26', 'positive': 3157}, {'date': '2020-11-25', 'positive': 3678}, {'date': '2020-11-24', 'positive': 1405}, {'date': '2020-11-23', 'positive': 1890}, {'date': '2020-11-22', 'positive': 3193}, {'date': '2020-11-21', 'positive': 3082}, {'date': '2020-11-20', 'positive': 3070}, {'date': '2020-11-19', 'positive': 3216}, {'date': '2020-11-18', 'positive': 3454}, {'date': '2020-11-17', 'positive': 1169}, {'date': '2020-11-16', 'positive': 1881}, {'date': '2020-11-15', 'positive': 2610}, {'date': '2020-11-14', 'positive': 2910}, {'date': '2020-11-13', 'positive': 2163}, {'date': '2020-11-12', 'positive': 2384}, {'date': '2020-11-11', 'positive': 2713}, {'date': '2020-11-10', 'positive': 777}, {'date': '2020-11-09', 'positive': 1407}, {'date': '2020-11-08', 'positive': 1931}, {'date': '2020-11-07', 'positive': 2124}, {'date': '2020-11-06', 'positive': 1872}, {'date': '2020-11-05', 'positive': 1595}, {'date': '2020-11-04', 'positive': 1706}, {'date': '2020-11-03', 'positive': 543}, {'date': '2020-11-02', 'positive': 787}, {'date': '2020-11-01', 'positive': 1147}, {'date': '2020-10-31', 'positive': 1245}, {'date': '2020-10-30', 'positive': 1102}, {'date': '2020-10-29', 'positive': 1075}, {'date': '2020-10-28', 'positive': 1133}, {'date': '2020-10-27', 'positive': 348}, {'date': '2020-10-26', 'positive': 589}, {'date': '2020-10-25', 'positive': 835}, {'date': '2020-10-24', 'positive': 849}, {'date': '2020-10-23', 'positive': 785}, {'date': '2020-10-22', 'positive': 918}, {'date': '2020-10-21', 'positive': 913}, {'date': '2020-10-20', 'positive': 298}, {'date': '2020-10-19', 'positive': 409}, {'date': '2020-10-18', 'positive': 664}, {'date': '2020-10-17', 'positive': 770}, {'date': '2020-10-16', 'positive': 771}, {'date': '2020-10-15', 'positive': 768}, {'date': '2020-10-14', 'positive': 867}, {'date': '2020-10-13', 'positive': 253}, {'date': '2020-10-12', 'positive': 383}, {'date': '2020-10-11', 'positive': 701}, {'date': '2020-10-10', 'positive': 726}, {'date': '2020-10-09', 'positive': 723}, {'date': '2020-10-08', 'positive': 723}, {'date': '2020-10-07', 'positive': 906}, {'date': '2020-10-06', 'positive': 252}, {'date': '2020-10-05', 'positive': 403}, {'date': '2020-10-04', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-10-03', 'positive': 580}, {'date': '2020-10-02', 'positive': 618}, {'date': '2020-10-01', 'positive': 633}, {'date': '2020-09-30', 'positive': 778}, {'date': '2020-09-29', 'positive': 200}, {'date': '2020-09-28', 'positive': 328}, {'date': '2020-09-27', 'positive': 521}, {'date': '2020-09-26', 'positive': 588}, {'date': '2020-09-25', 'positive': 595}, {'date': '2020-09-24', 'positive': 599}, {'date': '2020-09-23', 'positive': 669}, {'date': '2020-09-22', 'positive': 196}, {'date': '2020-09-21', 'positive': 323}, {'date': '2020-09-20', 'positive': 535}, {'date': '2020-09-19', 'positive': 478}, {'date': '2020-09-18', 'positive': 471}, {'date': '2020-09-17', 'positive': 482}, {'date': '2020-09-16', 'positive': 511}, {'date': '2020-09-15', 'positive': 138}, {'date': '2020-09-14', 'positive': 239}, {'date': '2020-09-13', 'positive': 478}, {'date': '2020-09-12', 'positive': 475}, {'date': '2020-09-11', 'positive': 536}, {'date': '2020-09-10', 'positive': 564}, {'date': '2020-09-09', 'positive': 219}, {'date': '2020-09-08', 'positive': 163}, {'date': '2020-09-07', 'positive': 304}, {'date': '2020-09-06', 'positive': 507}, {'date': '2020-09-05', 'positive': 527}, {'date': '2020-09-04', 'positive': 528}, {'date': '2020-09-03', 'positive': 549}, {'date': '2020-09-02', 'positive': 596}, {'date': '2020-09-01', 'positive': 162}, {'date': '2020-08-31', 'positive': 325}, {'date': '2020-08-30', 'positive': 499}, {'date': '2020-08-29', 'positive': 533}, {'date': '2020-08-28', 'positive': 598}, {'date': '2020-08-27', 'positive': 609}, {'date': '2020-08-26', 'positive': 632}, {'date': '2020-08-25', 'positive': 217}, {'date': '2020-08-24', 'positive': 274}, {'date': '2020-08-23', 'positive': 551}, {'date': '2020-08-22', 'positive': 509}, {'date': '2020-08-21', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-08-20', 'positive': 624}, {'date': '2020-08-19', 'positive': 670}, {'date': '2020-08-18', 'positive': 164}, {'date': '2020-08-17', 'positive': 359}, {'date': '2020-08-16', 'positive': 673}, {'date': '2020-08-15', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-08-14', 'positive': 632}, {'date': '2020-08-13', 'positive': 725}

Clearer to Read and Analyze

7

[{'date': '2021-03-07', 'positive': 664}, {'date': '2021-03-06', 'positive': 778}, {'date': '2021-03-05', 'positive': 854}, {'date': '2021-03-04', 'positive': 795}, {'date': '2021-03-03', 'positive': 733}, {'date': '2021-03-02', 'positive': 935}, {'date': '2021-03-01', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-28', 'positive': 951}, {'date': '2021-02-27', 'positive': 1169}, {'date': '2021-02-26', 'positive': 1088}, {'date': '2021-02-25', 'positive': 872}, {'date': '2021-02-24', 'positive': 731}, {'date': '2021-02-23', 'positive': 1168}, {'date': '2021-02-22', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-21', 'positive': 890}, {'date': '2021-02-20', 'positive': 897}, {'date': '2021-02-19', 'positive': 1200}, {'date': '2021-02-18', 'positive': 1061}, {'date': '2021-02-17', 'positive': 1699}, {'date': '2021-02-16', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-15', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-14', 'positive': 880}, {'date': '2021-02-13', 'positive': 1008}, {'date': '2021-02-12', 'positive': 1453}, {'date': '2021-02-11', 'positive': 681}, {'date': '2021-02-10', 'positive': 811}, {'date': '2021-02-09', 'positive': 3068}, {'date': '2021-02-08', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-02-07', 'positive': 775}, {'date': '2021-02-06', 'positive': 1493}, {'date': '2021-02-05', 'positive': 1584}, {'date': '2021-02-04', 'positive': 1602}, {'date': '2021-02-03', 'positive': 1357}, {'date': '2021-02-02', 'positive': 1738}, {'date': '2021-02-01', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-31', 'positive': 1796}, {'date': '2021-01-30', 'positive': 1992}, {'date': '2021-01-29', 'positive': 2520}, {'date': '2021-01-28', 'positive': 1807}, {'date': '2021-01-27', 'positive': 1341}, {'date': '2021-01-26', 'positive': 1943}, {'date': '2021-01-25', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-24', 'positive': 1949}, {'date': '2021-01-23', 'positive': 2162}, {'date': '2021-01-22', 'positive': 2070}, {'date': '2021-01-21', 'positive': 2028}, {'date': '2021-01-20', 'positive': 2050}, {'date': '2021-01-19', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-18', 'positive': 3969}, {'date': '2021-01-17', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-16', 'positive': 2193}, {'date': '2021-01-15', 'positive': 2575}, {'date': '2021-01-14', 'positive': 2658}, {'date': '2021-01-13', 'positive': 1858}, {'date': '2021-01-12', 'positive': 5091}, {'date': '2021-01-11', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-10', 'positive': 2988}, {'date': '2021-01-09', 'positive': 4595}, {'date': '2021-01-08', 'positive': 3260}, {'date': '2021-01-07', 'positive': 1985}, {'date': '2021-01-06', 'positive': 2332}, {'date': '2021-01-05', 'positive': 1039}, {'date': '2021-01-04', 'positive': 8644}, {'date': '2021-01-03', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-02', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2021-01-01', 'positive': 4422}, {'date': '2020-12-31', 'positive': 1484}, {'date': '2020-12-30', 'positive': 2174}, {'date': '2020-12-29', 'positive': 1953}, {'date': '2020-12-28', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-27', 'positive': 3626}, {'date': '2020-12-26', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-25', 'positive': 2891}, {'date': '2020-12-24', 'positive': 2315}, {'date': '2020-12-23', 'positive': 1252}, {'date': '2020-12-22', 'positive': 4035}, {'date': '2020-12-21', 'positive': 0}, {'date': '2020-12-20', 'positive': 2332}, {'date': '2020-12-19', 'positive': 3063}, {'date': '2020-12-18', 'positive': 2940}, {'date': '2020-12-17', 'positive': 61}, {'date': '2020-12-16', 'positive': 667}, {'date': '2020-12-15', 'positive': 652}, {'date': '2020-12-14', 'positive': 1410}, {'date': '2020-12-13', 'positive': 2228}, {'date': '2020-12-12', 'positive': 2421}, {'date': '2020-12-11', 'positive': 2557}, {'date': '2020-12-10', 'positive': 2977}, {'date': '2020-12-09', 'positive': 3650}, {'date': '2020-12-08', 'positive': 1182}, {'date': '2020-12-07', 'positive': 1773}, {'date': '2020-12-06', 'positive': 3080}, {'date': '2020-12-05', 'positive': 3138}, {'date': '2020-12-04', 'positive': 3312}, {'date': '2020-12-03', 'positive': 3401}, {'date': '2020-12-02', 'positive': 4702}, {'date': '2020-12-01', 'positive': 1314}, {'date': '2020-11-30', 'positive': 2179}, {'date': '2020-11-29', 'positive': 2624}, {'date': '2020-11-28', 'positive': 530}, {'date': '2020-11-27', 'positive': 2936}, {'date': '2020-11-26', 'positive': 3157}, {'date': '2020-11-25', 'positive': 3678}, {'date': '2020-11-24', 'positive': 1405}, {'date': '2020-11-23', 'positive': 1890}, {'date': '2020-11-22', 'positive': 3193}, {'date': '2020-11-21', 'positive': 3082}, {'date': '2020-11-20', 'positive': 3070}, {'date': '2020-11-19', 'positive': 3216}, {'date': '2020-11-18', 'positive': 3454}, {'date': '2020-11-17', 'positive': 1169}, {'date': '2020-11-16', 'positive': 1881}, {'date': '2020-11-15', 'positive': 2610}, {'date': '2020-11-14', 'positive': 2910}, {'date': '2020-11-13', 'positive': 2163}, {'date': '2020-11-12', 'positive': 2384}, {'date': '2020-11-11', 'positive': 2713}, {'date': '2020-11-10', 'positive': 777}, {'date': '2020-11-09', 'positive': 1407}, {'date': '2020-11-08', 'positive': 1931}, {'date': '2020-11-07', 'positive': 2124}, {'date': '2020-11-06', 'positive': 1872}, {'date': '2020-11-05', 'positive': 1595}, {'date': '2020-11-04', 'positive': 1706}, {'date': '2020-11-03', 'positive': 543}, {'date': '2020-11-02', 'positive': 787}, {'date': '2020-11-01', 'positive': 1147}, {'date': '2020-10-31', 'positive': 1245}, {'date': '2020-10-30', 'positive': 1102}, {'date': '2020-10-29', 'positive': 1075}, {'date': '2020-10-28', 'positive': 1133}, {'date': '2020-10-27', 'positive': 348}, {'date': '2020-10-26', 'positive': 589}, {'date': '2020-10-25', 'positive': 835}, {'date': '2020-10-24', 'positive': 849}, {'date': '2020-10-23', 'positive': 785}, {'date': '2020-10-22', 'positive': 918}, {'date': '2020-10-21', 'positive': 913}, {'date': '2020-10-20', 'positive': 298}, {'date': '2020-10-19', 'positive': 409}, {'date': '2020-10-18', 'positive': 664}, {'date': '2020-10-17', 'positive': 770}, {'date': '2020-10-16', 'positive': 771}, {'date': '2020-10-15', 'positive': 768}, {'date': '2020-10-14', 'positive': 867}, {'date': '2020-10-13', 'positive': 253}, {'date': '2020-10-12', 'positive': 383}, {'date': '2020-10-11', 'positive': 701}, {'date': '2020-10-10', 'positive': 726}, {'date': '2020-10-09', 'positive': 723}, {'date': '2020-10-08', 'positive': 723}, {'date': '2020-10-07', 'positive': 906}, {'date': '2020-10-06', 'positive': 252}, {'date': '2020-10-05', 'positive': 403}, {'date': '2020-10-04', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-10-03', 'positive': 580}, {'date': '2020-10-02', 'positive': 618}, {'date': '2020-10-01', 'positive': 633}, {'date': '2020-09-30', 'positive': 778}, {'date': '2020-09-29', 'positive': 200}, {'date': '2020-09-28', 'positive': 328}, {'date': '2020-09-27', 'positive': 521}, {'date': '2020-09-26', 'positive': 588}, {'date': '2020-09-25', 'positive': 595}, {'date': '2020-09-24', 'positive': 599}, {'date': '2020-09-23', 'positive': 669}, {'date': '2020-09-22', 'positive': 196}, {'date': '2020-09-21', 'positive': 323}, {'date': '2020-09-20', 'positive': 535}, {'date': '2020-09-19', 'positive': 478}, {'date': '2020-09-18', 'positive': 471}, {'date': '2020-09-17', 'positive': 482}, {'date': '2020-09-16', 'positive': 511}, {'date': '2020-09-15', 'positive': 138}, {'date': '2020-09-14', 'positive': 239}, {'date': '2020-09-13', 'positive': 478}, {'date': '2020-09-12', 'positive': 475}, {'date': '2020-09-11', 'positive': 536}, {'date': '2020-09-10', 'positive': 564}, {'date': '2020-09-09', 'positive': 219}, {'date': '2020-09-08', 'positive': 163}, {'date': '2020-09-07', 'positive': 304}, {'date': '2020-09-06', 'positive': 507}, {'date': '2020-09-05', 'positive': 527}, {'date': '2020-09-04', 'positive': 528}, {'date': '2020-09-03', 'positive': 549}, {'date': '2020-09-02', 'positive': 596}, {'date': '2020-09-01', 'positive': 162}, {'date': '2020-08-31', 'positive': 325}, {'date': '2020-08-30', 'positive': 499}, {'date': '2020-08-29', 'positive': 533}, {'date': '2020-08-28', 'positive': 598}, {'date': '2020-08-27', 'positive': 609}, {'date': '2020-08-26', 'positive': 632}, {'date': '2020-08-25', 'positive': 217}, {'date': '2020-08-24', 'positive': 274}, {'date': '2020-08-23', 'positive': 551}, {'date': '2020-08-22', 'positive': 509}, {'date': '2020-08-21', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-08-20', 'positive': 624}, {'date': '2020-08-19', 'positive': 670}, {'date': '2020-08-18', 'positive': 164}, {'date': '2020-08-17', 'positive': 359}, {'date': '2020-08-16', 'positive': 673}, {'date': '2020-08-15', 'positive': 628}, {'date': '2020-08-14', 'positive': 632}, {'date': '2020-08-13', 'positive': 725}

Display in Ways to Help with Insight

8

X-axis now days instead of months

Add data from other states

Matplotlib will give us the tools to graph!

• We must start off with some data (obviously)
• Matplotlib works well when you have two lists (of the same size)
• List 1 acts as the x (independent) variable
• List 2 acts as the y (dependent) variable

• For this lecture, assume we are using the following two lists:
• months = 0, 1, 2, 3...
• cases = 2, 16, 5939, 9133...

• Starter code also provides a function called collect_state_data() which will give you these lists if you pass in a state code (e.g. “WA”)

9

Matplotlib - plt.plot()

plt.plot(xs, ys)

• X list should come before your Y list

plt.plot(months, wa_cases)

• Will add data to plot object

plt.show()

• Will pop up a new window with the graph you created
• Resets all plots

10

Matplotlib - Adding Labels and Titles

plt.title()

• Function creates a title on your plot object

plt.xlabel()/plt.ylabel()

• Creates an x-label/ylabel for your plot object’

​

11

Matplotlib - Adding data labels and legend

plt.plot(xs, ys, label)

• Add a label to your data, it will appear in the plot’s legend

plt.legend()

• Creates a legend on your graph, you can also modify its location

12

Matplotlib - Saving your figures

plt.savefig(filename)

• Will save the figures into a .png file on your computer

plt.clf()

• Will reset your plot so you are not unintentionally adding new data points/lines each time you run your code

13

Matplotlib - Customize your lines!

plt.plot() also allows you to change things such as line color, width, marker, markersize, and linestyle! Play around with the options!

plt.plot(months, wa_cases, label="WA", color="purple", linewidth=2, marker=".", linestyle="-.")

plt.plot(months, or_cases, label="OR", color="green", linewidth=0.5, marker=8, markersize=5)

14

Practice Problems

(if time permits)

15

Practice Problem 1

• Try to create the following graphs yourself and try your best to match the format and style
• Hint: Use a for-loop to call plt.plot() multiple times

16

Practice Problem 2

• Try to create the following graphs yourself and try your best to match the format and style
• Hint: Use a for-loop to create a new list of cumulative positive cases!

17

Practice Problem 3

• Create a line graph that represents the monthly COVID cases for any number of states of your choosing. As you do so or think of which states to include, justify why you are choosing those states specifically.
• Are they similar population sizes?
• Are they near each other geographically?
• Are they politically leaning one way or the other?

This question is left intentionally vague. Place yourself in the position of a data analyst, what interesting questions can you ask or interesting conclusions can you try and tease out of this data.

If this topic isn’t interesting to you, try it on another dataset of your choosing!

18

TODOs

• Complete Homework 4, due Sunday at 11:59pm
• Complete Coding Practice 5, due tonight at 11:59pm
• Complete Written Check-in 6, due tonight at 11:59pm

19