GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. Subject Pronouns�– I / You / He / She / It / We / They

2. Possessive Adjectives�– my / your / her …

3. Verb “To Be”�4. Possessive ‘s

5. A/An – the

(+ countable vs. uncountable introduction)

6. This / That / These / Those�(with singular/plural review)

7. Plural Noun Rules�– -s / -es / irregulars (man → men)

8. Present Simple – Affirmative (habits & facts)�– I eat, You drink, She plays…

9. Present Simple – Negative�– I don’t eat / She doesn’t play…

10. Present Simple – Yes/No Questions�– Do you like...? / Does he watch...?

11. Present Simple – Wh- Questions�– What / Where / When / Why…

12. Like / Love / Hate + Verb + -ing�– I like swimming / She hates running

13. Want / Neet + to + Verb�– Yes, I do. / No, he doesn’t.

13. Can / Can’t (ability)�– I can dance / He can’t cook

14. Prepositions of Time�– on Monday / in the morning / at 8 o’clock

15. Telling the Time�– It’s 5 o’clock / Quarter past 3 / Half past 7

16. Have / Has�– I have a dog / She has a phone

18. Object Pronouns�– me, you, him, her, it, us, them

19. Imperatives (Classroom Language)�– Sit down! Open your book!

20. Question Review Practice�(Mix of Yes/No and Wh- questions)

I

YOU

WE

IT

HE

SHE

THEY

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

my

your

our

their

her

his

its

bag

gift

laptop

house

cat

ball

tail

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

(TO) BE – OL(MAK)

I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

They are

I am not

You are not (aren’t)

He is not (isn’t)

She is not (isn’t)

It is not (isn’t)

We are not (aren’t)

They are not (aren’t)

Am I…?

Are you …?

Is he …?

Is she …?

Is it …?

Are we …?

Are they …?

We use “to be” in the present simple to talk about a state or condition.

It tells us what something is, not what it does.

We use am / is / are with:

• Name → She is Emily.
• Age → I am 28 years old.
• Job → He is a doctor.
• Feelings / adjectives → They are happy.
• Place / location → We are at school.
• Nationality → I am Turkish.
• Things / facts → It is a cat.

We use ’s to show something belongs to someone.

Structure:�Name + ’s + thing

Possessive ‘s

Examples:

• This is Sarah’s bag.
• That is Tom’s phone.
• Anna’s cat is cute.
• It’s my brother’s car.
• Where is the teacher’s book?

A / An – Singular Nouns

We use “a” and “an” with one countable thing.

• Use “a” before words that start with a consonant sound.�Example: a cat, a teacher, a house
• Use “an” before words that start with a vowel sound.�Example: an apple, an egg, an engineer

A/An - The

Countable vs. Uncountable

• Countable nouns → things we can count�Examples: a banana, two bananas, three bananas
• Uncountable nouns → things we cannot count�Examples: water, rice, money

❌ We don’t use “a/an” with uncountable nouns.�✅ Say: “some water”, not “a water”

Definite Article: “the”

We use “the” when we talk about one specific thing.�It can be something already known, unique, or easily identified by both the speaker and listener.

🟠 1. We use “the” when the noun is already known

• We talked about it before�🗣 “I saw a dog. The dog was very big.”�→ We know which dog now.
• It’s clear which one�🗣 “Can you close the door?”�→ The speaker and listener both know which door.

🔵 2. We use “the” for things that are unique or one in the world

• the sun
• the moon
• the sky
• the Earth
• the internet

🟢 3. We use “the” with names of certain places

a) Rivers, seas, oceans

• the Nile
• the Amazon
• the Black Sea
• the Atlantic Ocean

b) Mountain ranges

• the Alps
• the Himalayas

✅ But not for one mountain:�🗙 the Mount Everest → ❌�✅ Mount Everest → ✔️

c) Deserts

• the Sahara
• the Gobi Desert

d) Islands (groups)

• the Bahamas
• the Philippines�✅ (But not for single islands: Corsica, Greenland)

🔴 4. We use “the” with countries only in special cases

❌ We do NOT use “the” with most country names:

• Turkey, Germany, Japan → NO “the”

✅ But we DO use “the” with:

• Countries with “United”, “Republic”, or “Kingdom”
• the United Kingdom
• the United States
• the Czech Republic
• the Netherlands
• the Dominican Republic

📌 These are long, official names or describe a group of states/lands.

⚪ 5. We do NOT use “the” with:

• Continents → Europe, Asia
• Cities → Paris, London, Ankara
• Lakes → Lake Michigan, Lake Van
• Mountains (single) → Mount Ararat, Mount Fuji

This / That / These / Those

We use them in two ways:

1. As pronouns (replace the noun)
2. As adjectives (come before the noun)

📌 1. Demonstrative Pronouns

They stand alone and replace the noun:

📌 2. Demonstrative Adjectives

They go before a noun and describe which one(s):

Plural Noun Rules

Singular and Plural Nouns

• Singular = only one�Example: a cat, one book, an apple
• Plural = more than one

To make most nouns plural, we add -s or -es at the end.

❗ Irregular Plural Nouns:

These do not follow the -s rule. You must memorize them.

Present Simple – Affirmative (habits & facts)

🧠 When do we use it?

We use the Present Simple (Affirmative) to talk about:

• Habits → “I drink tea every morning.”
• Routines → “She goes to school at 8 a.m.”
• Facts → “The sun rises in the east.”

Present Simple – Negative

🧠 When do we use it?

We use the Present Simple Negative to talk about:

Habits we don’t have → “I don’t drink coffee.”

Things we never do → “He doesn’t play football.”

Routines that don’t happen → “They don’t work on Sundays.”

⚠️ REMEMBER:

• The verb stays in base form (no -s!)
• Use “doesn’t” for he, she, it
• Use “don’t” for I, you, we, they

🔍 Example Sentences:

• ❌ I don’t watch TV.
• ❌ She doesn’t eat meat.
• ❌ They don’t live here.

Present Simple – Yes/No Questions

🧠 When do we use it?

We use Yes/No questions to ask about:

Habits → “Do you walk to school?”

Daily routines → “Does she eat breakfast?”

General facts → “Does it rain here in winter?”

⚠️ Remember:

• Use “do” for I / you / we / they
• Use “does” for he / she / it
• The main verb stays in base form (no -s)

Present Simple – Wh- Questions

🧠 When do we use it?

We use Wh- questions to ask for specific information, not just Yes or No.

🧩 Structure:

🔹 Wh- word + do/does + subject + base verb

• What do you do on Sundays?
• Where does she work?
• Why do they walk to school?

⚠️ Remember:

• Use “do” for I / you / we / they
• Use “does” for he / she / it
• The main verb stays in base form

Like / Love / Hate + Verb + -ing

🧠 When do we use it?

We use like, love, hate + -ing to talk about activities we enjoy or don’t enjoy.

⚠️ Remember:

• The verb after like/love/hate is always in the -ing form.�❌ “I like to read books” → ✅ I like reading books.

Like + -ing vs. Like + to + verb

🧠 What’s the difference?

Both are grammatically correct.�But there is a small difference in meaning or feeling:

📌 More Examples:

• She likes cooking → She enjoys the activity.
• She likes to cook → She chooses to cook (maybe for health).
• They like walking to work → It’s fun or relaxing.
• They like to walk to work → It’s a conscious decision or habit.

Want / Need + to + Verb

🧠 When do we use them?

We use want and need to talk about desires or necessities.

• want → something you’d like to do
• need → something that is necessary or important

⚠️ Spelling Tips:

• Add -s to wants / needs for he / she / it�✅ She wants to play.�✅ He needs to work.

📌 Examples:

• I want to watch a movie.
• She needs to do her homework.
• They want to travel.
• He needs to call his doctor.

Can / Can’t (ability)

🧠 When do we use it?

We use can and can’t to talk about:

• ✅ Ability → I can swim.
• ✅ Permission → You can leave early.
• ❌ Inability / Not allowed → She can’t drive. / You can’t park here.

🔉 Pronunciation Tip:

• can → often sounds like “kn” in fast speech�(I can swim. → I kn swim.)
• can’t → always pronounced clearly!

📌 Examples with Meaning:

• Ability: He can speak Spanish.
• Permission: You can go now.
• Inability: She can’t ride a bike.
• Prohibition: You can’t use your phone here.

Prepositions of Time

🧠 When do we use them?

We use at, on, in to say when something happens.

📌 Example Sentences:

• I get up at 6:30.
• We have English class on Tuesday.
• My birthday is in October.
• He goes skiing in winter.
• They eat cake at the weekend.

Telling the Time

🧠 How do we tell the time in English?

We say the minutes first, then the hour.(in a formal way)

🕓 Digital Option:

You can also say:

• It’s seven fifteen. (7:15)
• It’s eight forty-five. (8:45)

How do we ask the time?

1. What time is it?
2. What’s the time?
3. Can you tell me the time?
4. Do you have the time?�

Have / Has

🧠 When do we use it?

We use have and has to talk about:

• Possession → I have a cat.
• Family → She has a brother.
• Characteristics / experiences → They have a big house.

⚠️ Spelling Reminder:

• Use has only for he / she / it
• The noun comes right after — no “to” needed!�✅ She has a car.�❌ She has to a car.

📌 Example Sentences:

• I have English class on Monday.
• She has brown eyes.
• We have a dog.
• He has lunch at 12.

Object Pronouns

🧠 What are they?

We use object pronouns to replace nouns that receive the action of the verb.

🔁 How it works:

• Subject = who does the action
• Object = who receives the action

📌 Example:

• He loves her.�(He = subject / Her = object)

🧩 Practice Sentences:

• I talk to him every day.
• She invites us to the party.
• They don’t see me at school

Imperatives (Classroom Language)

🧠 When do we use them?

We use imperatives to:

• Give instructions → Open your book.
• Give commands → Be quiet!
• Offer advice → Eat healthy food.
• Make requests → Please sit down.

🗣️ Tone Tips:

• Add “please” to be polite → Please wait here.
• Use don’t to say what not to do → Don’t forget your homework.

To be in present (am/is/are)

I wake up at 7:00 in the morning. I hav e a shower and eat a banana for breakfast. Then I tak e a bus to school. My school is near the city center.

In class, I sit n ext to a girl named Emily. S he ha s an orange bag a n d a cat at home. Our teacher, Mr. Brown, bris a laptop and an umbrella every day!

After school l, I sometimes go to a park or a café with my friends. We usually eat a sandwich h and drink a cup of tea. The sandwiches at that café are delicious!

At night, I read a book or wa tch a movie with my family. Then I go to bed and get ready for another busy day.

Fill in the blanks with a, an, or the:

I wake up at 7:00 in ___ morning. I have ___ shower and eat ___ banana for breakfast. Then I take ___ bus to school. My school is near ___ city center.

In class, I sit next to ___ girl named Emily. She has ___ orange bag and ___ cat at home. Our teacher, Mr. Brown, brings ___ laptop and ___ umbrella every day!

After school, I sometimes go to ___ park or ___ café with my friends. We usually eat ___ sandwich and drink ___ cup of tea. ___ sandwiches at that café are delicious!

At night, I read ___ book or watch ___ movie with my family. Then I go to bed and get ready for another busy day.

• apple → __________
• book → __________
• sandwich → __________
• photo → __________
• bus → __________
• watch → __________
• laptop → __________
• bag → __________
• horse → __________
• house → __________
• dog → __________
• foot → __________
• tooth → __________
• woman → __________
• child → __________

Write the plural form of these nouns:

A. Fill in the blanks (Present Simple – Affirmative)

1. She _____ (go) to school at 8 a.m.

2. I _____ (eat) breakfast every day.

3. They _____ (like) sandwiches.

4. He _____ (watch) TV after dinner.

5. My sister _____ (study) French.

B. Fill in the blanks (Present Simple – Negative)

1. I _____ (not like) coffee.

2. He _____ (not eat) meat.

3. They _____ (not go) to school on Sunday.

4. We _____ (not watch) TV in the morning.

5. She _____ (not play) tennis.

C. Choose the correct option (Present Simple – Yes/No Questions)

1. ___ you like tea?

a) Do b) Does

2. ___ she play football?

a) Do b) Does

3. ___ they go to school on Friday?

a) Do b) Does

4. ___ he watch TV at night?

a) Do b) Does

5. ___ you need help?

a) Do b) Does

D. Fill in the blanks (Wh- Questions)

1. _____ do you eat breakfast? (time)

2. _____ does she live? (place)

3. _____ do they go on holiday? (place)

4. _____ does he get up? (time)

5. _____ do you go to school? (reason)

E. Fill in the blanks (Like / Love / Hate + -ing)

1. I like _____ (read) books.

2. She hates _____ (get) up early.

3. We love _____ (swim) in summer.

4. They like _____ (watch) TV.

5. He loves _____ (eat) pizza.

F. Fill in the blanks (Want / Need + to + verb)

1. I want _____ (eat) pizza.

2. He needs _____ (study) now.

3. We want _____ (go) home.

4. They need _____ (sleep) early.

5. She wants _____ (call) her friend.

G. Can / Can’t (ability)

1. I _____ (can) swim very well.

2. She _____ (can not) ride a bike.

3. _____ he play the guitar? (Yes/No Question)

4. They _____ (can not) drive a car.

5. _____ you cook pasta?

H. Prepositions of Time (at / on / in)

1. I get up _____ 7 o’clock.

2. We have English class _____ Monday.

3. My birthday is _____ October.

4. He plays football _____ the weekend.

5. They go skiing _____ winter.

I. Telling the Time

1. 7:15 = It’s a quarter _____ seven.

2. 8:30 = It’s _____ past eight.

3. 9:50 = It’s ten _____ ten.

4. 6:00 = It’s _____ o’clock.

5. 4:05 = It’s five _____ four.

J. Have / Has

1. She _____ a bike.

2. I _____ two sisters.

3. They _____ a big house.

4. He _____ lunch at 12.

5. We _____ English on Tuesday.

K. Object Pronouns

1. I like John. I like _____.

2. She helps me. I like _____.

3. He knows Sarah. He knows _____.

4. We see our friends. We see _____.

5. They talk to Mary and me. They talk to _____.