�Anything with mass that takes up space.
Matter
5 States of Matter
Stands for Bose-Einstein
A solid has a definite shape and volume.
A liquid has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
A gas has no definite shape and no definite volume.
3 Most Common States of Matter
Elements
Can’t be broken down into another substance.
Periodic Table of Elements
Compound/Molecule
Chemical Combination of elements.
EX: H20→water
CO2→Carbon Dioxide
C12022H11→ Sugar
C6H12O6→ Glucose
Atom
The smallest particle of an element.
Chemical Bond
The force that holds the atoms together in a molecule.
Chemical bond in Table Salt or Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Formula
Ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Water- H20
Carbon Dioxide-CO2
Hydrogen Peroxide- H2O2
Warm up # 1�
Warm up # 1�
Chemical Properties
Regardless of the state of matter, a substance has unique chemical property.
Types of chemical properties
Boiling/Vaporization/Condensation Points: The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas or a gas turns into a liquid.
Water's Boiling/Vaporization/ Condensation Point is 100 °C
Melting/Freezing Points
Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid or a liquid turns into a solid.
Water's Melting/Freezing Point is 0°C.
Temperature affects state
When the temperature of a substance rises, the molecules get excited and start to move faster. Solid → Liquid → Gas
When the temperature of a substance decreases, the molecules slow down. Gas→ Liquid → Solid
Changes in Matter
Physical Change: When the state of matter changes, but it remains the same chemical.
Physical Change
Some examples are:
Changes in Matter cont…
Chemical Change: When a substance(s) combine or decompose into a new substance with new properties.
Chemical Change
Some examples are:
Warm Up # 2
Warm Up # 2
Mixture
When two or more substances are mixed together but have different properties.
EX: Salt Water
Two Types of Mixtures
1. Homogenous mixture: When two substances are as well mixed as possible or when a substance has completely dissolved, also known as a solution.
Lots of different ingredients but it all looks the same.
Two Types of Mixtures
2. Heterogeneous mixture: When two or more substances are not mixed well and you can see the different parts. Like Salad dressing
You can see the different ingredients.
Pure Substance
One kind of matter with no substances mixed in.
EX. Sugar, gold, silver, salt.
Characteristics of Particles in�Matter
Definite Shape and Volume
Solid
Particles in a solid
Molecules are packed closely together and slightly vibrate.
Types of solids
Crystalline solid: Arranged in a crystal-like, repeating pattern.
Examples: Salt, sugar and ice
Types of solids
Amorphous Solid: Particles are arranged in an irregular or random pattern.
Example: Glass, plastic, rubber
Particles in a Liquid
Molecules are loosely packed together and move more freely.
Liquids
Takes the shape of the container that it’s in.
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow.
The higher the viscosity, the slower it will flow.
Example: Syrup, honey and molasses.
Gases
Have no definite shape and no definite volume.
Very compressible.
Particles in a gas
Particles are not touching and movement of particles is independent of each other.
Intermolecular forces (IMF’s):
These are forces that hold one molecule to another.
Warm-up # 3 �
(Draw the picture)
(Draw the picture)
Warm-up # 3 �
(Draw the picture)
Tightly packed together and slightly vibrate.
Crystalline has molecules in regular repeating pattern.
Amorphous has molecules in a random pattern.
Energy and State Change
When a substance changes state:
Solid→ liquid→ gas = gaining energy
Gas→ liquid→ solid = loses energy
Warm Up # 4
Warm Up # 4
It’s heterogonous because you can see the different parts.
Both because it looks different, smells different, tastes different, a gas was produced and it has new properties.
Homogeneous mixture because it’s all one color even though it has many ingredients.