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World War I: The Great War��The War to End All Wars�

American Presence

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“Secret” Alliances

World War I

1914-1917

Before US Involvement

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“Schlieffen Plan”- Germany Takes out France, then Russia

(plan fails in 1st year)

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Germany Proposes Peace 1916

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Causes for United States Presence

  • Sinking of British Merchant Ship Lusitania 1915- (128 US civilians killed)

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  • Zimmerman Telegram: Germany to Mexico 1917

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  • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare in 1917 (4 US ships sunk- 36 Americans killed)

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Causes for United States Presence

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United States Presence

  • April 1917- US Congress Declares War
  • Woodrow Wilson- “The world must be safe for Democracy”

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  • American entry to the war raised Allied morale
  • Allies supplied resources, soldiers, and supplies

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  • Selective Service System began in US: “The Draft”
    • 24 Million people able to be “drafted”
    • 3 Million were drafted and trained to go to War

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  • Convoy System:
    • Created to get around German U- Boats (submarines) so US could reach Europe
    • Merchant ships surrounded by warships while crossing Atlantic

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Anti- Submarine Warfare

  • Mine
    • An explosive device used to destroy enemy personnel, shipping, fortifications, or equipment, often placed in a concealed position and designed to be detonated by contact, proximity, or a time fuse.

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Submarine and Ship Routes

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Trucking mines or “bottled volcanoes” at a mine assembling plant

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A mine finding its position at the desired depth�below the surface of the sea �

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The North Sea Mine Barrier

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Russian Revolution

Fall of the Russian Empire

Birth of the Soviet Union

Vladimir Lenin

Leon Trotsky

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The Great War PBS- Mutiny

46min-55min (Bolsheviks)

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Russia to Soviet Union� 1917-1921

  • Russia withdraws from WWI (end of 1917)
    • The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk is signed with Germany March 1918

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  • Russian Revolution
    • People Revolt against Czar Nicholas II-
    • Czar abdicates

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  • New Provisional or Temporary Government created
    • Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks fought for “Peace, Land, and Bread” (radicals)
    • Provisional Government orders arrest for Bolsheviks

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  • Bolsheviks have a “Coup D’Etat” (revolution vs. gov’t)
    • Whites (Mensheviks) vs. Reds (Bolsheviks) Civil War
  • Leon Trotsky (General of Bolsheviks) and the Red Army win!

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Russia to Soviet Union

1917-1921

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●Russia withdraws from WWI (end of 1917)

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●Russian Revolution

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●New Provisional or Temporary Government created

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●Provisional Government orders arrest for Bolsheviks

●Bolsheviks have a “Coup D’Etat” (revolution vs. gov’t)

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Brest- Litovsk Region

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Towards the End of World War I

  • April 2, 1917- US Declares War
    • “Make the world safe for Democracy”
  • By Spring 1918- 250,000 US troops reinforced France every month

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  • Germany gets pushed back! No Reserves!
    • Kaiser Abdicates- November 9
    • November 11, 1918- “Armistice” signed

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  • Middle- East
    • Ottoman Turks (Empire) weakening
    • Turkish Nationalism and Arab Nationalism helps!
    • Armenian Genocide
    • December 1917- British offensive takes Middle- East (Jerusalem)

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  • Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919…
    • What do we do with the Triple Alliance and their lands?...

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Towards the End of World War I

●April 2, 1917- US Declares War

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●Germany gets pushed back! No Reserves!

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●Middle- East

●Ottoman Turks (Empire) weakening

●Turkish Nationalism and Arab Nationalism helps!

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●What do we do with the Triple Alliance and their lands?...

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