David G. Myers
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2014
Myers’ Psychology for AP®, 2e
AP® is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board ®, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Unit 10:�Personality
Unit 10 - Overview
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 55:�Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective: Exploring the Unconscious
Introduction
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Structure
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Theory’s Core Ideas�Defense Mechanisms
Evaluating Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective
Evaluating Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective
Module 56:�Psychodynamic Theories and Modern Views of the Unconscious
The Neo-Freudian and Psychodynamic Theorists
The Neo-Freudian and Psychodynamic Theorists
Assessing Unconscious Processes
Assessing Unconscious Processes
The Modern Unconscious Mind
The Modern Unconscious Mind
Module 57:�Humanistic Theories
Introduction
Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person
Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person
Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective
Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective
Assessing the Self
Assessing the Self
Evaluating Humanistic Theories
Evaluating Humanistic Theories
Module 58:�Trait Theories
Exploring Traits
Exploring Traits
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Factor Analysis
Exploring Traits�Biology and Personality
Assessing Traits
Assessing Traits
The Big Five Factors
The Big Five Factors
Evaluating Trait Theories
Evaluating Trait Theories�The Person-Situation Controversy
Module 59:�Social-Cognitive Theories and Exploring the Self
Social-Cognitive Theories
Social-Cognitive Theories
Social-Cognitive Theories�Reciprocal Influences
Social-Cognitive Theories�Reciprocal Influences
Social-Cognitive Theories�Optimism versus Pessimism
Social-Cognitive Theories�Assessing Behavior in Situations
Social-Cognitive Theories�Evaluating Social-Cognitive Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Comparing the Major Personality Theories
Exploring the Self
Exploring the Self
Exploring the Self�The Benefits of Self-Esteem
Exploring the Self�Self-Serving Bias
Exploring the Self�Culture and the Self
Exploring the Self�Culture and the Self
The End
Teacher Information
Teacher Information
Teacher Information
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Teacher Information
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
262-253-3400
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Definition Slide
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Definition Slides
Personality
= an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Free Association
= in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
Psychoanalysis
= Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.
Unconscious
= according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
Id
= a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
Ego
= the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.
Superego
= the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.
Psychosexual Stages
= the childhood stages of development, (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.
Oedipus Complex
= according to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.
Identification
= the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parent’s values into their developing superegos.
Fixation
= according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual state, in which conflicts were unresolved.
Defense Mechanisms
= in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
Repression
= in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
Psychodynamic Theories
= modern-day approaches that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.
Collective Unconscious
= Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.
Projective Test
= a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
= a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
= the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
False Consensus Effect
= the tendency to overstimulate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors.
Terror-Management Theory
= a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.
Humanistic Theories
= view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.
Self-Actualization
= according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential.
Unconditional Positive Regard
= according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
Self-Concept
= all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”
Trait
= a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.
Personality Inventory
= a questionnaire (often true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
= the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
Empirically Derived Test
= a test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.
Social-Cognitive Perspective
= views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context.
Behavioral Approach
= in personality theory, this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development.
Reciprocal Determinism
= the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.
Positive Psychology
= the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
Self
= in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Spotlight Effect
= overestimating other’s noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).
Self-Esteem
= one’s feelings of high or low self-worth.
Self-Efficacy
= one’s sense of competence and effectiveness.
Self-Serving Bias
= a readiness to perceive oneself favorably.
Narcissism
= excessive self-love and self-absorption.
Individualism
= giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Collectivism
= giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly.