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����PRESENTATION ON �OPTICAL FIBER MEDIA

  • BRANCH-E & TC ENGG
  • SUBJECT- ADVANCE COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
  • CHAPTER – 4 – OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
  • TOPIC- OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA
  • SEM-6TH
  • FACULTY – Er. UMASHANKAR PANDA(Sr. LECT. E & TC ENGG DEPARTMENT)
  • AY-2021-2022, SUMMER-2022

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Physical Media

Physical Media

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Physical Media

  • Copper
    • Coaxial Cable - Thick or Thin
    • Unshielded Twisted Pair - CAT 3,4,5,5e&6
  • Optical Fiber
    • Multimode
    • Singlemode
  • Wireless
    • Short Range
    • Medium Range (Line of Sight)
    • Satellite

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Physical Media

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Fiber Media

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  • Optical fibers use light to send information through the optical medium.
  • It uses the principal of total internal reflection.
  • Modulated light transmissions are used to transmit the signal.

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Physical Media

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Total Internal Reflection

Physical Media

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Fiber Media

  • Light travels through the optical media by the way of total internal reflection.
  • Modulation scheme used is intensity modulation.
  • Two types of Fiber media :
    • Multimode
    • Singlemode
  • Multimode Fiber can support less bandwidth than Singlemode Fiber.
  • Singlemode Fiber has a very small core and carry only one beam of light. It can support Gbps data rates over > 100 Km without using repeaters.

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Physical Media

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Single and Multimode Fiber

  • Single-mode fiber
    • Carries light pulses along single path
    • Uses Laser Light Source
  • Multimode fiber
    • Many pulses of light generated by LED travel at different angles

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Physical Media

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Fiber Media

  • The bandwidth of the fiber is limited due to the dispersion effect.
  • Distance Bandwidth product of a fiber is almost a constant.
  • Fiber optic cables consist of multiple fibers packed inside protective covering.
  • 62.5/125 µm (850/1310 nm) multimode fiber
  • 50/125 µm (850/1310 nm) multimode fiber
  • 10 µm (1310 nm) single-mode fiber

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Physical Media

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Fiber-Optic Cable

  • Contains one or several glass fibers at its core
  • Surrounding the fibers is a layer called cladding

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Physical Media

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Fiber Optic Cable

  • FO Cable may have 1 to over 1000 fibers

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Physical Media

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Wireless Media

  • Very useful in difficult terrain where cable laying is not possible.
  • Provides mobility to communication nodes.
  • Right of way and cable laying costs can be reduced.
  • Susceptible to rain, atmospheric variations and Objects in transmission path.

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Physical Media

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Wireless Media

  • Indoor : 10 – 50m : BlueTooth, WLAN
  • Short range Outdoor : 50 – 200m: WLAN
  • Mid Range Outdoor : 200m – 5 Km : GSM, CDMA, WLAN Point-to-Point, Wi-Max
  • Long Range Outdoor : 5 Km – 100 Km : Microwave Point-to-Point
  • Long Distance Communication : Across Continents : Satellite Communication

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Physical Media

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Frequency Bands

Physical Media

Band

Range

Propagation

Application

VLF

3–30 KHz

Ground

Long-range radio navigation

LF

30–300 KHz

Ground

Radio beacons and�navigational locators

MF

300 KHz–3 MHz

Sky

AM radio

HF

3–30 MHz

Sky

Citizens band (CB),�ship/aircraft communication

VHF

30–300 MHz

Sky and�line-of-sight

VHF TV, �FM radio

UHF

300 MHz–3 GHz

Line-of-sight

UHF TV, cellular phones, �paging, satellite

SHF

3–30 GHz

Line-of-sight

Satellite communication

EHF

30–300 GHz

Line-of-sight

Long-range radio navigation

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Thank You