www.semtech.com

LoRa , LoRaWAN , FR24

New Technology for Sensor Networks

Michael Fink FAE

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Semtech

Wireless Congress Agenda

LoRaWAN solution for sensor networks

LoRa Technology basics

LoRa Alliance

LoRaWAN Networkprotocol and structure

Sensor classes A, B, C

Network Servers & Application Server

LoRaWAN Networks datarates, capacities, Encryption

European Channel mapping

Sensor Activation, ADR, Roming, FOTA

FLRC , SX1280

SW Support, compatibility, certification

Q&A

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www.semtech.com

smarter planet higher bandwidth greater mobility

LoRa is a disruptive wireless long range� technology delivering dramatic performance improvements for the AMR, M2M, IOT,� Mobile and Consumer markets

10-50x range improvement versus existing solutions

LoRa

LoRa

LoRa

LoRa

What is LoRa Technology ?

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LoRa - High Sensitivity

-138 dBm

• LoRa high sensitivity, long range, low data rates
• FLoRa high sensitivity, high data rates

LoRa

FLoRa

GFSK

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Modulation Benefits

Optimized Spread Spectrum Technique

• Very efficient modulation (low energy per bit required)
• Constant envelope modulation

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Carries the advantages of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum modulation:

• Can work with negative SNR !!!
• Achieves great sensitivities down to -138dBm
• Orthogonal with other non-LoRa^TM communications (OFDM, narrowband FSK…)
• Orthogonal with LoRa systems using a different Spreading Factor

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Without suffering the consequences

• Very fast lock time to an incoming signal
• Can exploit very high-efficiency / switching PAs for low-power implementation
• Does not require accurate frequency references

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LoRa^® PHY Layer: Spread Spectrum Modulation

-132dBm @ 1 kbps

# No TCXO #

# No LNA #

Advantages

Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK

Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No)

More robust to interference, noise, and jamming

Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple pakets in one channel

Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS)

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Achieving Top-Notch Sensitivities: lower the data rate

Conventional approach

• Lower data rate and reduce bandwidth
• Narrowband will claim -123 dBm sensitivity
• Puts a tremendous constraint on the LO stability

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Spread Spectrum Approach

• Access sub-kbps data rates
• Very fast locking time to preserve energy
• Standard 10-20cts XTAL technologies can be used

TCXO

OCXO?

+/- 30 kHz

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Co-channel Jammer Resistant

GMSK jammer

Thermal Noise Floor

Wanted LoRa Signal

Channel

25dB

If a Customer does not need long range or low datarate, sell Lora for Immunity !!!!!

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LoRa Technology Modulation

Spreading Factor (SF)

• Available Spreading Factors SF : 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
• The higher the SF the more information is transmitted per bit; therefore higher processing gain = increase receive sensitivity

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Bandwidth (BW)

• Programmable signal BW settings : 125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz ( SX1272)
• In addition 62.5k, 31.25k,15.63k, 7.81k ( SX1276, SX1261, SX1262 )
• For a given SF, a narrower BW = increase received sensitivity; however increase time on air

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Forward Error Correction Code Rate (CR1-4):

• Additional coding rate provides more redundancy to detect errors and correct them

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What do in need to setup a LoRa comunication ?

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« The LoRa Calculator « 

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Relationship of SF, Distance and Time On Air

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Energy / Time on air

Bitrate

SF12

11

10

9

8

7 FSK

14km

10km

8km

6km

4km

Avg bitrate ~1300bps

2D simulation (flat environment)

FSK & LoRa Transceivers

Internet of Things

(IOT)

Machine to Machine

(M2M)

Security &

Control

Metering

(AMR/AMI)

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www.semtech.com

LoRaWAN a network protocol

Defined an maintained by

LoRa ALLIANCE using LoRa Technology

More than 500+ market leading companies collaborating together

Lora Alliance

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LoRaWAN – open global LPWAN standard for IoT driven by the industry

2015

• January - Announcement of LoRa Alliance at CES
• March – Launch at Mobile World Congres & first All Members Meeting (30 companies)
• June – LoRaWAN R1.0 released
• July – 2^nd All Members Meeting (60 companies)
• November – 3rd All Members Meeting (120 companies)
• > 4000 LoRaWAN specification downloads

2016

• January – LoRa Global Challenge at CES (200 companies)
• March – Mobile World Congres & R1.01 LoRaWAN
• April – 4^th All Members Meeting (USA)
• June – 5^th All Members Meeting (Asia)
• October – 6^th All Members Meeting (Europe) ( 300 Members)

2017

• System available from multiple sources
• Jan 2017 >400Members
• Customers requesting more sensors
• Sept 2017 >500Members
• Oct – R1.1 LoRaWAN incl LBT/additional frequencies

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Status : September 2017

> 12 new Announced roll outs

39 ongoing Country installations

LoRa Alliance very fast growing

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Strong Ecosystem Enables Customized Deployment

Embit

Eolane

Nemeus

AduenisRF

HopeRF

Nymtek

Lierda

Dorji

Ruixin

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The system can be used for private and public networks

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EU features: Sensitivity, bit rate and Time On Air

Gateway figures assume +6dBi antenna

User applicative payload = 20 bytes

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EU LoRaWAN Concentrator/GW Overview

Multi-Modem/Multi-channel

• 10 channels
• 9 LoRa modems
• 1 FSK modem

Very high capacity

• Scalability

Adaptive link rate

• Optimize capacity

2MHz of spectrum

• Wide FE can be used

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Gateway versions:

Outdoor

Ver1.0 Simple design 20dBm 1xSX1301 + 2xSX1257

Ver1.5 Simple design 27dBm 1xSX1301 + 2xSX1257 + SX1272 ( Channel scan )

Ver 2.0 / 2.1 Geolocation GW, localisation without simcard

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Indoor

PicoCell Gateway ( Indoor 0-70 DegC )

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LoRaWAN GW Capacity (EU)

GW Flexibility 6 SF + 1 SF(250) + FSK and 10 Channels , 80 different data transmission possible

GW capacity 8 + 1 FSK + 1 LoRa = 10 different datastreams, 8 receiption possible simulainously

About 4 Million packets per day RX capacity

If 20Byte packet transmitted every 15min than a GW could handle 65k nodes

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We have a simple calculation

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Network Capacity optimisation

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Network Capacity optimisation

S6

S4

S1

S6

S4

S6

S2

G1

G2

LoRa ™

• Lower time-on-air larger G1 capacity
• longer battery life

S3

S5

S1

free up G1 capacity

(deep indoor)

(outdoor)

(outdoor)

(indoor)

(outdoor)

(deep indoor)

(indoor)

More capacity : New end-points

available on G1

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Encryption & Authentication

AES Secure Payload encryption (Application Session Key)

AES authentication (Ntwk session key)

• Step1 Encryption: only FRMPayload is encrypted (1 to 1) with the 128-bit AppSKey
• Step 2 Authentication: MIC is generated using the 128-bit NwkSKey, and appended to the frame for packet authentication

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Device Classes & Examples

Class A: Smart City

Report status a few times per day

No planned actuation required

Extremely low energy

Class C: Smart Lighting

Maintenance and index info a few times per day

Constantly listens for network «ping»

For low-latency actuation

Class B: Irrigation

Report moisture, t° a few times per day

Turn valves on or off �with a few minutes latency

Very low-energy, �which depends on latency

Frequency channel�

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LoRaWAN Channels for Europe

• License free Sub-GHz Frequencies :
• Europe 868 MHz Band (863 ~ 870 MHz)
• Network channels can be freely attributed by the network operator
• Three mandatory channels that all gateways should constantly receive, and used by the end-points during the Join procedure :

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Channel Line Up ( Example )

8 channels with multi-datarate 240 bps to 5.5 kbps

1 high-speed LoRa channel 11 kbps

1 high speed GFSK channel 50 kbps

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Network Identity once Activated

1. DevAddr: Device Address
• 32-bit identifier stored in the end-device
• Uniquely identifies the device on the network
• Transported in each frame to and from the end-device
• Obtained during the Activation process

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• NwkSKey: Network Session Key, 128-bit AES encryption key
• Specific to the end-device
• Used to encrypt/decrypt payload of MAC-only messages (port 0 between end-device MAC and Network controller)
• Used to calculate the MIC to ensure message integrity
• Obtained during the Activation process

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• AppSKey: Application Session Key, 128-bit AES encryption key
• Specific to the end-device
• Used to encrypt/decrypt payload of application messages
• Obtained during the Activation process

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Device Activation: 2 Methods

Over the Air

«OTAA»

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By Personalization

«ABP»

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What is ADR ?

ADR stands for Adaptive Data Rate.

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It is the process of adapting the end-device’s transmitter output power, data rate and transmit diversity based on the average radio channel attenuation.

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If the average radio link is good the data rate can be increased

If the demodulation is marginal, the data rate must be lowered

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Consequence:

Identical end-devices in different locations might use different data rates / output power

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Why do I need ADR ?

ADR is good for the network :

• ensures that the transmission of an end-device only last as long as required.
• Free up channel time for other devices: optimize the network capacity.

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ADR is good for the end-device :

• End-devices with a good radio channel use a higher data rate, therefore the energy required to transmit a message is lower.
• Conversely, devices with a good radio channel can afford longer messages (or more frequent traffic) with equivalent battery life than those in worst case situation.

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LoRaWAN Open Source Support

• LoRaWAN End Node Support
• LoRaWAN HAL Support

LoRaWAN™ Certification Process for Sensors

Certification is mandatory for Public LoRaWAN network.

No need of certification for Private LoraWan network

Contact a LoRa Alliance authorized test service provider for a quote.

Complete the certification questionnaire* available on LoRa Alliance website

or from the test service provider.

Prepare your product(s) for certification.

• Must fulfill latest-LoRaWAN_Specification
• Must fulfill LoRa Alliance End Device Certification Requirements* for EU.

Deliver your product to your LoRa Alliance authorized test service lab.

It should be ready for Over the Air activation or already personalized.

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The LoRa Alliance authorized test service lab will perform the certification tests and provide you with the results. ( confidential)

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Forward the “Pass” test results provided to the LoRa Alliance

Result and basic product information are released on LoRa Alliance website.

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Espotel and IMST are the qualified test house

5 test labs in EU.

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1) SX1280/81 2.4 GHz Wireless RF Solution

Low Power, Long Range Communication

with Scalable Data Rate and Ranging Capability

• SX1280/1 on the web

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SX1280 Overview

• GFSK 2.4 GHz

Compatibility asset for migration to FLRC or standard FSK use

• LoRa 2.4 GHz

Physical layer compatibility for BLE (PHY layer only)

• BLE PHY

• FLRC 2.4 GHz

A robust long range modem for high data rate communication

Long Range communication for low data rate in 2.4 GHz

• Ranging Engine

RF link Security, P2P ranging and positioning solutions

• Smart Home
• Alarm / Security
• Drone control

• Sensor provisioning
• Wearables
• Beacons

• Traditional application
• Backwards compatibility

• Video streaming
• Audio streaming

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• Keyless entry
• Asset tracking
• Industry 4.0

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High Sensitivity Modems

FLRC

(G)FSK

LoRa

-132dBm

-8 dB

Shannon Limit

High Link Budget

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In the 2.4 GHz Band

FLRC 8 dB improvement compared to (G)FSK

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2.4 GHz Technology Landscape

Wi-Fi

UWB

SX1280/1

1000Mbps

100Mbps

10Mbps

1Mbps

(Transmission speed)

Enable Long Range communication in 2.4 GHz

ISM Band

250Kbps

125Kbps

500bps

2Mbps

>4Km

(Transmission distance)

10m

1m

Bluetooth ®

BLE / 5.0

ZigBee

>100m

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Key Features Overview

Long Range

• High sensitivity down to -132 dBm
• +12.5 dBm output power with high efficiency PA
• 144.5 dBm maximum link budget�

Low Current

• <5.5 mA RX current (LoRa), 4.8 mA (FSK)
• 24 mA TX @ +12.5dBm
• 215 nA Sleep mode�

Supported Modulation

• LoRa – 476 bps up to 200 kbps (Long Range)
• FLRC – 260 kbps up to 1.3 Mbps (Fast Long Range Communication)
• (G)FSK/MSK – up to 2 Mbps
• BLE PHY Layer compatibility�

Ranging Engine

• Time-of-flight functionality, 1 meter accuracy (LoS)
• Build-in ranging data filtering�

Low System Cost

• Minimal external BOM/matching
• Package low foot print, 24-pin 4x4�

Compliant with 2.4 GHz regulations

• ETSI EN 300 440, FCC CFR 47 Part 15, ARIB STD-T66

> 4 km

Ranging Engine

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Low Energy Radio

Designed for Coin Cells Battery

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Sub-30 mA Current consumption at full Tx Power

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4.8 mA Continuous Rx current FSK

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200 nA Sleep Current

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LoRa 2.4 GHz & FLRC Outdoor

Field Distance Testing (SX1280 output power 12.5 dBm)

• FLRC – 2.3 km (SX1280/1)
• Line-of-Sight
• 260 kbps

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• LoRa 2.4 GHz – 3.6 km (SX1280/1)
• non Line-of-Sight
• 476 bps (SF12)

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• LoRa 868 MHz – >5.8 km (SX1272)
• non Line-of-Sight
• 292 bps (SF12 135 khz)

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Long Range 2.4 GHz Solution

7.4 km

2 km

Available Data Rates at 7.4 km

Line-of-Sight Testing

All Data Rates Available at 2 km

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FLRC Modem

Same Data Rate

2-3x Bluetooth Range

LoRa 2.4 GHz Modem

Long Range Advantage : Whole House Coverage

LoRa RF summary

LoRa Basic technology and capabilities

Low power consumption , long battery life time

Robust against other RF comunication

Long range , simple network structure

Easy to manage start architecture

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LoRaWAn based on a FSK/LoRa Tranceiver

Bidirectional comunication with different sensor classes

Gateway allows simulanious reception of packets

High data capacity of LoRaWAN gateways

Easy installation of gateways , simple to extend network coverage & capacity

Easy scalable networks, support for private and public networks

LoRaWAN was designed to support roaming

Seperate Network and Application Encryption

Selfadjustable network by ADR support

FLRC, LoRa Modulation on on 2.4GHZ with SX1280

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LoRa RF Sensor Networks

Are you ready to use LoRaWAN? Thank you

Questions ?

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LoRaWAN Sensor Networks

Following slides are for your reference

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LoRa & LoRa WAN Tools

Development KITs for LoRa Tranceivers

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Sensor Test Platformes

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Gateway & Network server & Application Server Plattforms

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Protocol stack for the sensor

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Protocol SW for the Gateway

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Hardware reference designs

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SX1272DVK Part Numbers for ordering:

2x SX1272RF1xxx modules This is for testing the

2x Eiger platforms capabilities of the technology

2x dipole antennas and evaluate function of the

2x Mini-USB cables devices!

2x Touch Screen Styluses

Disclaimer Note

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SX1272DVK1BAS SX1272 Development Kit - 868MHz version

SX1272DVK1CAS SX1272 Development Kit - 915MHz version

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SX1272RF1BAS SX1272 MBED Evaluation Module - 868MHz version + antenna

SX1272RF1CAS SX1272 MBED Evaluation Module - 915MHz version + antenna

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List of Development Kits/Modules on the Semtech Website:

www.semtech.com/wireless-rf/starter-kits.html

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The SX1272SKA evaluation software, the firmware, drivers, documents and all SX1272 related materials are available on the Semtech website or for more information:

www.semtech.com/wireless-rf/rf-transceivers/

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SX1276DVK Part Numbers for ordering:

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2x SX1276RF1xxx modules

2x Eiger platforms

2x dipole antennas for LF frequency band

2x dipole antennas for HF frequency band

2x Mini-USB cables

2x Touch Screen Styluses

Disclaimer Note

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SX1276DVK1xxx SX1276 Development Kit

SX1276RF1xxx SX1276 Evaluation Module

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xxx= IAS 169/868MHz version with TCXO + Antennas

xxx= JAS 433/868MHz version with XTAL + Antennas

xxx= KAS 490/915MHz version with XTAL + Antennas

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List of Development Kits/Modules on the Semtech Website:

www.semtech.com/wireless-rf/starter-kits.html

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The SX1276SKA evaluation software, the firmware, drivers, documents and all SX1276 related materials are available on the Semtech website or for more information:

www.semtech.com/wireless-rf/rf-transceivers/

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IOT LoRaWan Evaluation Kit

Many KITs available today

1. IMST Gateway KIT GW+MoteII+Adruino+Evalboard

2. MatchX GW+Sensor+Networkserver

3. Wifx GW

4. Multitech GW + Server access

5. Kerlink GW+ Server access

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System Solutions:

GW+ Loriot NetServer + Mydevices Apps Server

GW+ TTN Nerwork Server + Mydevices

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End Point Side:

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Option 1: LoRaMote with integrated antenna

• A variety of sensors to select from
• GPS is built-in
• sources for Keil, Ride, COIDE on https://github.com/Lora-net/LoRaMac-node
• Ordering Code: IOT868STKLM1

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Option 2: MBED shield unit plugged onto MBED Freedom platform

• MBED-enabled, with online development environment
• Multiple ARM vendors to select from
• Download sources on http://mbed.org/components/SX1276MB1xAS/
• Ordering Code: IOT868STKMB1

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NEW

IOT LoRaWan Evaluation Kit

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SX1272: Reference design

Many design available depending on space or power constraints:

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Full performance design:

• Use RF switch
• Use PA_Boost: Output up to + 20dBm: good for EU and FCC compliant
• Sensitivity down to -138dBm

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Low Power full sensitivity design

• Use RF switch
• Use RFO: Output power up to +14dBm: good for EU only
• Sensitivity down to -138dBm

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Low Power space optimized design

• No RF switch
• Use RFO: Output power up to +14dBm: good for EU only
• Sensitivity down to -134dBm

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Wireless RF Devices

Connecting virtually all things – making lives better and offering real-world solutions

Wireless RF Product Roadmap

www.semtech.com

smarter planet higher bandwidth greater mobility

Features:

• 150 960 MHZ continous frequency range
• LDO or DC/DC regulated supply voltage
• Good interference immunity with low current
• Fast switching modes
• 15dBm max Tx Power on SX1261
• 22dBm max TX Power on SX1262
• TCXO Support ( integrated LDO with control )
• 32MHZ crystal refernce

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SX1261/2 Pinout

QFN 4x4 24L

SX1261/62 new LoRaWAN Tranceiver

www.semtech.com

• SX1280/1 on the web

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SX1261/62 new LoRaWAN Tranceiver

Key benefits compare to SX1272

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• ~ 2x less power in RX mode ( < 5mA )
• ~ 2x smaller package 4x4 qmm ( 36m² versus 16m² )
• ~ 60% higher Pout ( 160mW versus 100mW)
• ~ 20% less TX power consumption at 14dBm ( 26mA)
• Simple comand interface
• Full frequency coverage (150 to 960MHz )

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• Datasheets available
• Samples Available
• Evaluationboard is available

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• Driver and test code available
• LoRaWAN Protocol stack -> in the works

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Access the Semtech Website or the

LoRa Community page

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Appnote : Eval Board design information

Example code / driver

Code will be available on MBED

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Appnote: Recommedation for best performance

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Low Power, Long Range Communication

with Scalable Data Rate and Ranging Capability

• SX1280/1 on the web

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SX126X development kits – available now

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Note: each development kit includes two full units (nucluo, SX126x shield and display)

SX126x shields are expected to be available as individual units in Q2/Q3 timeframe

www.semtech.com

SX1261/62 new LoRaWAN Tranceiver

Where and when to use it

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• For new LoRa / LoRaWAN designs
• For new modules
• Advantage : less power & Space
• For TCXO based designs
• Higher speed LoRa Apps SF5/SF6

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• For FSK&LoRa use SX1272/76
• For WMBUS / KNX use SX1272/76

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• Note :SF6 is not compatible !!

Whats the chalange with the new RED ?

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Multimode module are not allowed !

Whats the solution , resistor coding !

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Additional Application Briefs

Various Markets and Applications

IoT for the World

www.semtech.com

www.LoRaWANAcademy.com

• Connecting Universities and � LPWAN technology for � advanced learning and research
• Prepare yourself for real world IoT
• Network and curriculum packages� available through college level� courses

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