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COPYRIGHT CONCEPTS:

Digital Sharing

Elementary Grade 4

Purpose

To give students an experience that helps them understand the challenges and benefits of respecting ownership and copyright, particularly in digital environments
To encourage students to respect artists’ rights as an important part of being an ethical digital citizen
To explore the concept of fair use

Key Concepts

Copyright protects creative work and helps creators and artists get paid for their work. The goal of copyright is to inspire more creativity.
When we respect each other’s creative work, we encourage more creativity.
Sometimes it’s easy to copy another person’s art or creative work (eg, sharing video or music files digitally).
It’s not always clear if a download/share is legal or illegal.
Fair use is an important part of copyright law. It allows us to re-use and share copyrighted works without permission in some ways that are still fair to the artist, for example, for teaching (education), commentary, news reporting, and making new works of art that re-use and transform the original work into something completely new and different.

Preparation Equipment needed:

A piece of art made by the teacher (picture, song, slideshow, etc.)
A student drawing/painting/film
Class iPad/tablet or school iPad/tablet lab
Videos for this lesson are available at www.copyrightandcreativity.org/elementary or YouTube Playlist. “GRADE 4: Copyright Concepts – Digital Sharing Ethics”

OPTIONAL VIDEO: Optimus Prime, Transform!®, available on YouTube or in G-Suite

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Notes for the teacher

This slide deck has been created to support the free lesson plan PDF at the copyrightandcreativity.org website.
Lesson details to help guide your discussion and show optional activities are included in the speaker notes. Go to File > Print settings and preview > 1 slide with notes > Print to print.
This slide deck may be shared and remixed with attribution to Internet Education Foundation and iKeepSafe. To adapt it for use in your classroom, log into Google Drive and make a copy by going to File > Make a copy.
Please report broken links to info@copyrightandcreativity.org.

**This is intended to be slide 2 of each lesson to give guidance to the teacher.**

Notes to Presenter:

Where possible, download videos and slides rather than stream. View YouTube links in ViewPure.com for more secure viewing.
Consider doing the optional “Pre-lesson Writing Extension” before you teach the lesson, as a way to engage students with the topic and give them an opportunity to be creative.
This lesson features several optional activities you may want to integrate into existing curriculum throughout the year. Consider including a short discussion of copyright and/or fair use whenever students begin any creative project or research project.
For more ways to talk about copyright, fair use and related concepts of ethical digital citizenship, see the Presenter Instructions, “Integrating Copyright and Ethical Use Concepts into Current Curriculum.”
Fair Use for Educators�Fair use is a legal doctrine that is decided on a case-by-case basis and can be difficult to determine. These lessons simplify fair use for students by saying that students may re-use or share creative work that they “need” for educational purposes. However, it is important for teachers to recognize that the fair use analysis may be different for themselves, and they will have more to consider. ��Educators often want to know how they can use copyrighted works in their classroom:

A specific exception to copyright allows teachers to show or play a copyrighted work in class, without having to rely on fair use at all.
Displaying or performing a copyrighted work in class is specifically allowed as long as the use is for face-to-face instruction at a nonprofit educational institution, and the copy the teacher is using was lawfully obtained.
Note that this particular exception allows teachers to show a work, like a movie or photo, but not to make or distribute additional copies.

For other situations—like those that involve making new copies—teachers may need to evaluate whether what they want to do qualifies as fair use. Teaching is a favored purpose under fair use analysis, but all four factors need to be weighed together. Alternatively, some works may be OK to use based on their licensing terms or because they are in the public domain.��For more information on how fair use works in education, see our Copyright for Educators Online Professional Development: www.copyrightandcreativity.org/professional-development

Other fair use resources:

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Lesson Flow

Lesson Sequence

Review
Get the Wheels Turning
Part 1 -- Ethical Sharing
Video: Digital Sharing Ethics
Wrap-up
Part 2 -- Fair Use
Wrap-up

Pre-lesson Writing Extension (Optional)

The following writing exercises are designed to create context, help students engage with the topic, and prepare them for the lesson discussion.

A day or two before teaching this lesson, or as an introduction to this lesson, have students watch the one-minute video and complete one of the writing exercises below.

OPTION 1: Write a Character Sketch

Play video for students: “GRADE 4: Copyright Concepts – Digital Sharing Ethics.” You may need to play it two or three times.

Video link (GDrive or YouTube)

Ask students to write a character sketch about one or both of the characters in the video.

SAY: Be as creative as you can. There are no wrong answers. Give these characters a life of their own—whatever you want it to be.

Prompt with questions.

ASK:

● Who is your character?

● What is his/her name?

● Who are his/her friends? How long have they known each other?

● Who are the people in his/her family? What are they like?

● What’s his/her backstory?

o Where does he/she live?

o Where did he/she used to live?

o What exciting thing might have happened to them back in kindergarten, first grade, etc.?

● What is he/she looking forward to?

● What is he/she afraid of?

OPTION 2: Write a Story

Play video for students: “GRADE 4: Copyright Concepts – Digital Sharing Ethics.” You may need to play it two or three times.

Video link (GDrive or YouTube)

Ask students to write the story they see portrayed in the video.

SAY: Give your story a beginning, a middle, and an end. Use your creativity. Make it interesting.

Prompt with questions.

ASK:

Who are these characters?

What are their names?
What are they interested in?
How long have they been friends?

Give setting:

Where are they?
What are they doing? Be specific and add to what you see.
Where have they just come from?
Where do they go to school?

What happens in the first situation? What happens in the second situation?
How do they feel about it?
Write some dialogue for the characters. What are they saying to each other in each scenario?
How does this story end? *

NOTE: These exercises may also be done orally as a class discussion before the copyright lesson. Write the story or character sketch on the board as students contribute ideas.

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Copyright

What do you know about the word

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Video

Review

Gr K—Respect the Person

Gr 3—Sharing Fairly

Gr 1—It's Great to Create

Gr 2—Creativity and Sharing Fairly

Review (optional)

If time permits, consider showing some or all of the K-4 videos and have a brief discussion about the concepts that each of these videos teaches. For example: “This week we are learning about copyright. Look what the [first graders, etc.] are learning about.”

Review concepts and show videos, available at www.copyrightandcreativity.org/elementary or YouTube playlist: Copyright & Creativity Elementary Lesson Videos.

Kindergarten: “Respect the Person”—Two friends learn the importance of respecting names on artwork (attribution).
Grade 1: “It’s Great to Create”—Two friends discover the fun and benefit of creative collaboration.
Grade 2: “Creativity and Sharing Fairly”—A child decides how her photographs will be shared.
Grade 3: “SHARING FAIRLY: Sometimes Digital Sharing Isn’t Really Sharing”—A student artist discovers how illegal copying hurts.

Consider also showing the Grade 6 video—“Creativity, Copyright, and Fair Use for Ethical Digital Citizens” and the Infographic, “Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair use”—as they provide summaries and visuals of copyright and fair use.

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Get the Wheels Turning

Everyone Stand Up

Sit down when your answer is YES

Have you ever made a video (on a camera, phone, iPad, or computer) and sent it to a family member or posted it online?

Have you written a poem for your mom or dad on their birthday?

Have you made up a song to make your friends laugh? Or a sad song to make them cry?

Have you taken a photo and sent to a family member or posted it online?

Have you created a piece of art to share with your family and friends?

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Let's Talk

about

creating

How does it feel to produce something creative?
How do you feel when you are able to share your creation with others?
How do you feel when you view and listen to other people’s creations?

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When you make an original work, you get to decide who can:

make copies
distribute copies
display or perform the work in public, and
make spin-offs

Part 1

Ethical Sharing

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Remember,

copyright protects all kinds of creative work so that artists/creators can get paid for their effort

Review

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You have created an original work with legal protection

Did you know… when you create something

**OPTIONAL**

Pre-lesson Writing Extension:

If students did the pre-lesson writing extension (character sketch or story about the characters in the Grade 4 video: “COPYRIGHT CONCEPTS: Digital Sharing Ethics”), return their stories back to them, or use an art project they’ve already completed.

Video link: (GDrive or YouTube)

SAY: Think back to your story/character sketch/art project. You did great work on those. Did you know, you created an original work with legal protection? Congratulations!

How might you know if something is copyrighted?

[The circle © indicates copyright, but copyright protection exists even without the symbol. Creators have ownership over their work, unless they sell it to someone else.]

Where have you seen the copyright symbol?

[At the front of books, in movies, on images, posters, etc.] Show students how to draw a copyright symbol and write the year next to it.

SAY: When you make something creative like this, it’s automatically protected by copyright, even without the copyright symbol.

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Let's Talk

about

sharing

How does it feel when you share your things with someone else?
What does it feel like when someone takes your things and shares them without your permission?

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Let's Talk

about

sharing

I made this. That means I own it. I think I’m going to share it. I’m going to take out my phone (iPad, camera, etc.) to get a picture. I think I want to share it on my blog where I might make some money advertising. Is this fair?
What about a song I wrote? Can I share that? . . . Who gets to decide? What will happen when I share it?
Let’s say you draw a picture to sell at a school art show. The money from the art sale will go to buy new library books. Is this a good share . . . is it ethical? Why is this share OK?

OK to

share

Some things are

OK to Share: [Pull out the instructor’s creative work: picture, song, story, video, recipe.]

SAY:

I made this. That means I own it. I think I’m going to share it. I’m going to take out my phone (iPad, camera, etc.) to get a picture. I think I want to share it on my blog where I might make some money advertising. [Use the site of your choice.] Is this fair? [Yes, this is OK to share because I made it—I own the copyright.]

ASK:

What about a song I wrote? Can I share that? . . . Who gets to decide? [“That’s right, I do.”] �What will happen when I share it? �[Take responses: “It’s fun, . . . I’ll get a bunch of ‘likes’ . . . People will want to use it for mashups.”]

SAY:

Let’s say you draw a picture to sell at a school art show. The money from the art sale will go to buy new library books. Is this a good share . . . is it ethical? [Yes.] Why is this share OK? [Take responses: “It’s yours!”, “You made it. You own it. You can choose to share it.”]

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Let's Talk

about

sharing

Have you ever transferred songs to your friend’s MP3 player? Is that OK?
What if your friend invites you to his house to watch a movie that just came out on DVD? This is one of your favorite movies. You want it on your phone, so you can watch it whenever you want. So, you take out your phone and record the movie.

Is this a fair way to get a copy of the movie? Why?
How else could you get an authorized (legal) copy of the movie for your phone?

NOT OK

to share

What things are

SAY: NOT OK to Share:

ASK:

Have you ever transferred songs to your friend’s MP3 player? Is that OK?

[It’s most likely protected by copyright and NOT OK to share, copy, and give away.]

What if your friend invites you to his house to watch a movie that just got released? This is one of your favorite movies. You want it on your phone, so you can watch it whenever you want. So, you take out your phone and record the movie.

Is this a fair way to get a copy of the movie? �[No. This is not OK to share/copy. Why? Because you don’t own the right to make a copy and give it away.]
How else could you get an authorized (legal) copy of the movie for your phone?�[iTunes, Amazon, Netflix, and Hulu sell movies legally and allow downloading to mobile devices.]

SAY: This video clip will help us understand why some sharing is great and other sharing is not great. Remember, when we make something, we own it, and we get to decide. As we watch the video, decide if the music is OK to share or not.

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Copyright Concepts: Digital Sharing Ethics

Home icon attribution: ipapun [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]

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What if… YOU wrote a song and people shared it without asking your permission?

What do you think?

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What is the difference between

SHARING and GIVING A COPY?

Why is making copies of copyrighted work unfair to artists?
If you were one of the characters in the video, what could you do to share fairly?

Image from pixabay https://pixabay.com/images/id-1773756/

SAY: When we share digital files by

sending pictures or songs through email
copying songs from a device to our friend’s computer
copying a movie from a DVD to all our friends’ computers,

That’s not just sharing—it’s making new copies.

Demonstrate the following by handing a book to a student:

SAY:

Sharing a digital file is different from face-to-face sharing. If I hand you my book to share it with you, you have the book and I don’t—that’s sharing. If I hand you my phone or tablet, so you can listen to my music, that is sharing.
If I share a digital file with you—like a song or a movie or computer game—we both end up with the file. In that case, we made a copy. If I copy my songs for you to put on your phone or tablet, that is not sharing—it’s copying.

SAY: Making copies of copyrighted work isn’t fair to the artists/creators—they didn’t give permission for that. In addition, P2P sharing and torrent sites can put your computer at risk for bad stuff: malware, ads, and worse.

NOTE: The lesson for grade 6 builds on these concepts to include other kinds of unsafe and unethical sharing, where viruses are involved.

SAY: If you were one of these characters in the video, what could you do to share fairly? What about other sharing situations? What other ethical considerations are there?

Send your friend a link to the song on YouTube, Apple Muisc, Spotify, or Pandora where she can listen to the song.
Help your friend buy the song from an online store that you can trust because it’s used by a large online community, like iTunes or Amazon.
Ask yourself: Who owns this? Do I have permission to share? Do I have a right to make a copy? Am I being fair to everyone involved?

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Wrap-up

Remember, copyright is a protection given to writers and artists for a limited time to let them receive payment for their work. It’s intended to foster more creativity.
As we share and use, we need to respect each other’s work and the laws of copyright. Just because we own a copy of something does not mean we have the right to make more copies to give or sell to other people.
Copyright gives us some protection over how our art will be used and shared by others.

Remember, copyright is a protection given to writers and artists for a limited time to let them receive payment for their work. It’s intended to foster more creativity. As we share and use, we need to respect each other’s work and the laws of copyright. Just because we own a copy of something does not mean we have the right to make more copies to give or sell to other people. Copyright gives us some protection over how our art will be used and shared by others.

However, there are times when we can use copyrighted work fairly without permission: this is fair use. Creativity creates more creativity, and we can use someone else’s work if we need it for criticism or commentary (like a parody), or making our own new and completely different creative work out of it. This is called “transformative” work. It’s a part of fair use.

(Note: this text is from the Wrap up at the end of the lesson plan on page 8)

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Part 2

Fair Use

Creative work gets a lot of

protection

from copyright laws,

but are there times when we can copy or share

without permission?

Home icon attribution: ipapun [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]

YES

We call these Fair Uses

Lesson Part 2: FAIR USE

SAY: Creative work gets a lot of protection from copyright, but there are special situations where we’re allowed to copy or share copyrighted works without permission. We call these “fair uses.” Fair use situations include:

For teaching or school projects, like putting pictures or music into a presentation for school
For comments or criticism, like playing a clip of a movie in a movie review or quoting from a book in a book review
For news reporting (like showing a movie clip while reporting about a new movie)
For new art—transformative works—where we use someone’s creative work in our own new art, so that the original is transformed into something completely new or for a new purpose. Transformative is a big word, but if you’ve ever played with a Transformer, like Optimus Prime or Bumblebee or seen one of the movies, you can probably guess what it means. What does transform mean?

[Accept responses: When something starts as one thing and turns into something completely different.]

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Optimus Prime, Transform

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What do you notice?

How are all the images transformed

into new art?

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Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grant_DeVolson_Wood_-_American_Gothic.jpg; Chris McVeigh (powerpig), American Gothic.

Find here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerpig/5876970667/; http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Grant_Wood?file=Gothic-k%2526p.jpg

Have you seen this picture before?

It is called American Gothic.

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Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grant_DeVolson_Wood_-_American_Gothic.jpg; Chris McVeigh (powerpig), American Gothic.

Find here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerpig/5876970667/; http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Grant_Wood?file=Gothic-k%2526p.jpg

How are these works the similar?

How are they different?

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Wrap-up

There are times when we can use copyrighted work fairly without permission: this is fair use.
Creativity creates more creativity, and we can use someone else’s work if we need it for criticism or commentary (like a parody), or making our own new and completely different creative work out of it.
This is called “transformative” work. It’s a part of fair use.

SAY: Remember, copyright is a protection given to writers and artists for a limited time to let them receive payment for their work. It’s intended to foster more creativity. As we share and use, we need to respect each other’s work and the laws of copyright. Just because we own a copy of something does not mean we have the right to make more copies to give or sell to other people. Copyright gives us some protection over how our art will be used and shared by others.

SAY: However, there are times when we can use copyrighted work fairly without permission: this is fair use. Creativity creates more creativity, and we can use someone else’s work if we need it for criticism or commentary (like a parody), or making our own new and completely different creative work out of it. This is called “transformative” work. It’s a part of fair use.

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These curriculum materials are presented by the Internet Education Foundation based on content originally developed by iKeepSafe and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Attribution should be to the Internet Education Foundation and iKeepSafe.

Attribution

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Dear Parent,

At school today we learned about the benefits and challenges of respecting ownership and copyright. If you’re interested, you can view the lesson and video here:

“COPYRIGHT CONCEPTS: Digital Sharing Ethics”

www.copyrightandcreativity.org/parents

We hope your child will continue to create and to understand how we all benefit when we respect each other's work. This is one of the foundations of understanding copyright and an important part of becoming an ethical digital citizen.

For fun and to reinforce this concept, consider doing the following activity with your child:

Together, write a silly song or poem. This is easy to do by putting your child’s name into the tune of a common nursery rhyme. Have someone record a video of you and your child performing “your song.” Decide where and with whom you want to share it (e.g., send to grandma through email) and remind your child that this is his/her song, so s/he gets to decide how it’s shared. Some sharing is NOT OK, like when we copy someone else’s work and give it away without permission.

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Make a Copy of This Presentation