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Build your first app

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Lesson 1

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

Introduction to Android

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Introduction to Android

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1.0 Introduction to Android

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Contents

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android Ecosystem

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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What is Android?

  • Mobile operating system based on Linux kernel
  • User Interface for touch screens
  • Used on over 80% of all smartphones
  • Powers devices such as watches, TVs, and cars
  • Over 2 Million Android apps in Google Play store
  • Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
  • Open source

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Android user interaction

  • Touch gestures: swiping, tapping, pinching
  • Virtual keyboard for characters, numbers, and emoji
  • Support for Bluetooth, USB controllers and peripherals

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android and sensors

Sensors can discover user action and respond

  • Device contents rotate as needed
  • Walking adjusts position on map
  • Tilting steers a virtual car or controls a physical toy
  • Moving too fast disables game interactions

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Android home screen

  • Launcher icons for apps
  • Self-updating widgets for live content
  • Can be multiple pages
  • Folders to organize apps
  • "OK Google"

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android app examples

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Pandora

Pokemon GO

Facebook�Messenger

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android Software Developer Kit (SDK)

  • Development tools (debugger, monitors, editors)
  • Libraries (maps, wearables)
  • Virtual devices (emulators)
  • Documentation (developers.android.com)
  • Sample code

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Android Studio

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  • Official Android IDE
  • Develop, run, debug, test, and package apps
  • Monitors and performance tools
  • Virtual devices
  • Project views
  • Visual layout editor

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Google Play store

Publish apps through Google Play store:

  • Official app store for Android
  • Digital distribution service operated by Google

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android Platform Architecture

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Android stack

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  1. System and user apps
  2. Android OS API in Java framework
  3. Expose native APIs; run apps
  4. Expose device hardware capabilities
  5. Linux Kernel

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System and user apps

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  • System apps have no special status
  • System apps provide key capabilities to app developers �

Example:

Your app can use a system app to deliver a SMS message.

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Java API Framework

The entire feature-set of the Android OS is available to you through APIs written in the Java language.

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  • View class hierarchy to create UI screens
  • Notification manager
  • Activity manager for life cycles and navigation

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Introduction to Android

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Android runtime

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Each app runs in its own process with its own instance of the Android Runtime.

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C/C++ libraries

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  • Core C/C++ Libraries give access to core native Android system components and services.

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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

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  • Standard interfaces that expose device hardware capabilities as libraries��Examples: Camera, bluetooth module

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Linux Kernel

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  • Threading and low-level memory management
  • Security features
  • Drivers

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Older Android versions

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Codename

Version

Released

API Level

Honeycomb

3.0 - 3.2.6

Feb 2011

11 - 13

Ice Cream Sandwich

4.0 - 4.0.4

Oct 2011

14 - 15

Jelly Bean

4.1 - 4.3.1

July 2012

16 - 18

KitKat

4.4 - 4.4.4

Oct 2013

19 - 20

Lollipop

5.0 - 5.1.1

Nov 2014

21 - 22

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Android History and Platform Versions

for more and earlier versions before 2011

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Newer Android versions

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Codename

Version

Released

API Level

Marshmallow

6.0 - 6.0.1

Oct 2015

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Nougat

7.0 - 7.1

Sept 2016

24 - 25

Oreo

8.0 - 8.1

Sept 2017

26 - 27

Pie

9.0

Aug 2018

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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App Development

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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What is an Android app?

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  • One or more interactive screens
  • Written using Java Programming Language and XML
  • Uses the Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
  • Uses Android libraries and Android Application Framework
  • Executed by Android Runtime Virtual machine (ART)

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Challenges of Android development

  • Multiple screen sizes and resolutions
  • Performance: make your apps responsive and smooth
  • Security: keep source code and user data safe
  • Compatibility: run well on older platform versions
  • Marketing: understand the market and your users �(Hint: It doesn't have to be expensive, but it can be.)

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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App building blocks

  • Resources: layouts, images, strings, colors as XML and media files
  • Components: activities, services, and helper classes as Java code
  • Manifest: information about app for the runtime
  • Build configuration: APK versions in Gradle config files

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Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Learn more

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What's Next?

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  • Concept Chapter: 1.0 Introduction to Android
  • No Practical

Android Developer Fundamentals V2

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Android Developer Fundamentals

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Introduction to Android