Bell Ringer:

​

Describe what you see in this picture. What do you think this picture is about?

​

Content Vocab:

Louisiana Purchase

Monroe Doctrine

Trail of Tears

Mormons

Manifest Destiny

Second Great Awakening

Academic Vocab:

Expansion

​

​

​

​

​

​

Manifest Destiny

Growth, Conflict, & Religious Revival

Chapter 2.2 - 2.3

• Common American idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific.
• By the 1840s, several east-to-west routes had been carved—the Oregon Trail, the California Trail, and the Santa Fe Trail

Directions:

Color code the map and Key as we go through the notes.

• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida Ceded from Spain 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Country from GB 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico 1853

Color your Map

• Under Jefferson the size of the country increased considerably→
• Kentucky
• Tennessee
• Ohio
• And the Jackpot Louisiana Purchase

• In 1800 Spain had given Louisiana back to France.
• To finance his plans for European conquest, Napoleon offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory as well as New Orleans, to the United States

• 1803- Congress overwhelmingly approved
• US paid $11.25 million and almost doubled its size

• 828,000 square miles
• Less than 3 cents per acre

​

Directions:

Color code the map and Key as we go through the notes.

• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida Ceded from Spain 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Country from GB 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico 1853

Color your Map

SACAJAWEA

• Florida was a source of frustration for Southerners
• Slaves would run away and hide in Florida
• Spain was unable to control border
• Jackson sent troops in
• Under pressure, Spain gave over all of Florida

Directions:

Color code the map and Key as we go through the notes.

• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida Ceded from Spain 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Country from GB 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico 1853

Color your Map

• Concerns about Russia’s growing interest in the American Northwest.
• In 1821 Russia had announced that its empire extended south from Alaska to Oregon Territory
• Monroe Doctrine- Monroe decided to issue a statement (1823), declaring that the American continents should no longer be viewed as open to colonization.

What was Manifest Destiny?

• The idea popular in the United States during the 1800s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

What 1823 statement declaring that American continents should no longer be open to colonization?

• Monroe Doctrine

Why was Spain controlling Florida an issue with southerners?

• Slaves would run away to Florida to be free

Charles G. Finney, helped find modern revivalism

• In the mid-1800s, many Americans worked to reform various aspects of society.
• Religious leaders organized to revive the nation’s commitment to religion in a movement known as the Second Great Awakening.

​

• A number of new religious denominations emerged from the new religious revival.
• Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose followers are known as the Mormons.

​

• After being harassed, the Mormons moved to Illinois.
• After the murder of Joseph Smith and continued persecution, the Mormons settled in Utah.

​

What reforms did the 2^nd Great Awakening promote?

• Temperance: no alcohol
• Abolition: against slavery
• Women's rights: right to vote and equality

​

Why did Mormons head West?

• To flee persecution

​

Continued…

Chapter 2.2 - 2.3

Under the Jackson presidency there was an unspoken unwritten policy of the "only good Indian was a dead one" so the army and others did their best to remove or kill any Native Americans in Western lands. One of the primary animals that were used by the plains Native American tribes was the buffalo. The buffalo provided food, shelter, and was used in religious practice by the plains tribes. Killing the buffalo would take this source from them

• The nation was pushing west. Land and other resources were vital, but Native Americans owned the land and stood in the way.
• In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.

• The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects.
• The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died.

Route

Quote

• "I have no motive, my friends, to deceive you. I am sincerely desirous to promote your �welfare. Listen to me, therefore, while I tell you that you cannot remain where you are �now. It is impossible that you can flourish in the midst of a civilized community. You �have but one remedy in your reach. And that is to remove to the West and join your �countrymen."
• President Andrew Jackson, Washington, 1835, addressing Cherokee delegation

Quote

• "Whole nations melt away like snowballs in the sun. The White men have �surrounded us, leaving only a little spot of ground to stand upon, and it seems to �be their intention to destroy us as a Nation."�Chief Dragging Canoe, The Trail of Tears Cherokee Legacy, Rich-Heape Films, 2006

Quote

"I fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew." �Georgia militiaman, Jahoda, 1939

The situation between whites and Native Americans was hostile but some believed the situation could be improved if Native Americans could assimilate, or be absorbed into American society as landowners and citizens.

This included breaking up reservations into individual allotments, where Native Americans would live in families and support themselves.

Kill the Indian. Save the Man. –Campaign Slogan

This became the policy when Congress passed the Dawes Act in 1887.

​

​

The Dawes Act was a failure.

Did not like farming or ranching

Allotments too small to be profitable

Unwilling to adopt the American settlers’ lifestyles in place of their own culture

Andrew Jackson

Cons

• Before he was president, he invaded Florida against orders. He was only instructed to capture runaway slaves but he conquered the territory and wiped out entire Seminole villages.
• While in Florida, he executed two British officers, which was against the orders he had been given by his own military court.
• He forced the Cherokees off their land even though the Supreme Court had ruled in Worcester v. Georgia that the Cherokees had the legal right to stay. Over 4,000 Cherokee Indians died as a result of this action.
• He promoted the growth of slavery by kicking American Indians off their land in order to get cotton land for white Americans.
• He ordered Southern postmasters to stop the delivery of anti-slavery literature in the South, which is both a violation of the 1st Amendment and illegal mail tampering.
• He was a cruel slaveholder himself. He owned around 140 slaves and once offered a reward to anyone who delivered 300 lashes to one of his runaway slaves. This could kill a man, and would serve as a very scary example to any slave who thought about running away from Jackson.

Does Andrew Jackson deserve the honor of being on the $20 bill?

Pros

• He was the first self-made man to become President.
• He was a supporter of the “common man” - he felt the government was only helping the rich.
• He was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans - this gave Americans a huge sense of pride.
• He fought in the Revolutionary War.
• He was against the idea of Nullification (nullification means states don’t have to follow federal laws), and when South Carolina threatened to secede (break up the country), he sent the U.S. Army down to make sure it didn’t happen!
• He vetoed the Bank of the United States because he felt it only favored the rich.

​

How did the government try to assimilate Native Americans?

• Changed their dress, forced to farm individually, pushed them on reservations, taught them American culture

​

We had our eyes set on California and Oregon even though other nations had partial claims to it

We add land in 1845

Texas broke off from Mexico in 1836 and was an independent country

Directions:

Color code the map and Key as we go through the notes.

• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida Ceded from Spain 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Country from GB 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico 1853

Color your Map

• Would you have resorted to cannibalism if in the same situation?
• How do you think the story of the Donner Party help to strike down the myth of frontier romanticism?

• Mexico surrendered in 1848 (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)
• The US gained 500,000 square miles

Directions:

Color code the map and Key as we go through the notes.

• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida Ceded from Spain 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Country from GB 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico 1853

On that Note…

→Manifest Destiny is accomplished!

From Sea to Shining Sea

As a result of winning the war against Mexico was American goal is finally accomplished?

• Sea to Shining Sea-→ Manifest Destiny

​

• The government wanted to have citizens settle the newly acquired land so they passed the Homestead Act in 1862.
• For $10, a settler could file for a homestead, or a tract of public land available for settlement.
• The homesteader could get up to 160 acres of public land and could receive title of it after living there five years.

Homestead Act

Some rights reserved by USFWS Headquarters

(1862)

160 Acre homesteads for small farmers

Map Credit: Golbez

600,000 Families

Oklahoma Land Rush

April 22, �1889

• Settlers on the Plains found life very difficult.
• Hot summers
• Cold winters
• Prairie fires
• swarms of grasshoppers

• Mining also spurred migration to the West.
• gold, silver, and copper.
• Mining caused a cycle of boom and bust—from boomtown to ghost town
• Once an area was mined out the people left.

​

What is a homestead?

• For $10, a settler could file for a homestead, or a tract of public land available for settlement

​

How did towns become ghost towns?

• Once an area was mined out the people left.

​