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Cornerstone 2

Composition and Improvisation

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Day 1 Do Now

  1. What components (things, parts) make a language?

  • Why do you think some people consider music a universal language?

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Unit Goals:

  1. To write an original piece of music using standard music notation concepts.

  • Input compositions into notation software.

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Notes:

The music staff is a system of 5 lines and 4 spaces on which composers place notes and rests when creating a piece of music. Always count the lines and spaces from the bottom.

5

4

3

2

1

4

3

2

1

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Bar lines

Bar lines organize and separate the measures on a staff in a piece of music. The vertical (up and down) lines are the bar lines. A double bar line signals the end of a piece of music. Measures are the spaces between bar lines.

Double bar lines = The End

Measure 1

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The Treble Clef

  • This is a treble clef which you find at the beginning of the staff.
  • There are other clefs, but we will focus on the treble clef.

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Let’s Practice!

  • Notate a staff first.
  • Use on of the methods shown to notate a treble clef. Follow the steps.

Method 1

Method 2

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Exit Ticket

Notate a staff with a treble clef and all of the parts learned today. Label each part and number the line and spaces. There should be 5 measures.

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Day 2 Do Now

  1. The _____ _____ organize and separate the measures.

  • The ______ is made up of ___ lines and ___ spaces.

  • When counting lines and spaces we always start from the _______.

  • Notate a staff with 3 measures.

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Pitch/Note Names��Today we will talk about note names. There are 7 letters in the musical alphabet. We’ll look at where they belong on the staff.

What is a mnemonic device? What are some you have heard of or used in other subjects?

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Practice

Example: Every Good Bird Does Fly

This is one of several common examples.

Come up with original mnemonic devices for the line and space notes. Notate a staff and the notes. Write your words under each corresponding note. Model your like the one shown below:

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Day 3 Do Now

  1. Notate a treble clef. Write the note names.

2. Notate a treble clef. Draw the notes on the lines or spaces.

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Notes and Rests Duration and Value

Different notes are worth different amounts of beats. Duration is how long the note or rest lasts.

Rests are silent beats, and still count as beats in a measure. Look at your reference sheet. See if you can fill in the note value chart.

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Notes and Rests Duration and Value

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Notes and Rests Duration and Value

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Day 4 Do Now

Look at the symbols. Write each name, tell its duration and notate its corresponding rest.

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Time Signatures

  • TIME SIGNATURE – a way to organize beats within a measure.

  • The top number tells how many beats are in a measure.

  • The bottom number tells which note gets one beat.

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Practice rhythms

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Time Signature Practice

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Day 5 Do Now

  1. What does each number in a time signature tell us?

  • Explain 6/8 time.

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Let’s Notate!

  • 1. Notate 4/4 time signature on your paper (the staff and treble clef are already printed for you.)
  • Measure 1: Notate 4 quarter notes on the pitch middle C
  • Measure 2: Notate 2 half notes on the pitch “E”
  • Measure 3: Notate a pair of eighth notes on “G”, a pair of eighth notes on “E”, and a half note on Middle “C”

2. Compose your own 4 measure melody in ¾ time using the notes C,E,G. USE NOTES AND RESTS! The first and last notes should be middle C.

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Melodic Contour

If you had to sing or perform a melody, which one of these would you rather perform and why?

A. B.

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Melodic Contour

  • When we write music, we generally want to write melodies that people can sing or play.
  • For a fluid melody use mostly steps and skips. Avoid too many leaps so that the piece will not sound erratic.
  • Here are some example of melodic contour:

Yes! Skips are ok too. No. Avoid many leaps.

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Peer Review and Feedback

When you have finished, quietly exchange papers with someone at your table. Clap their piece, check for errors. (first and last note middle C, notes C,EG, barlines, Double bar at the end) If you see an error, remember to use positive and constructive feedback. I should hear the following phrases:

  • I like how you used….
  • I notice there is a mistake here….
  • We can _______ to fix the mistake….

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Day 6 Do Now

On your staff paper, write 4 measures in 4/4 time, using notes C, E,G and rests. Use your reference sheet to help you. Remember melodic contour rules. FIRST and LAST note MUST be middle C.

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Scales- Scale Degrees

We can tell what key a song is in by looking at the first note of the piece and the last note and the key signature. We use scales when writing music. A scale is a sequence of notes, usually an octave. We will continue to use the C major scale. Each note is assigned a number or scale degree. Write these on your reference sheet. Remember, “C” is the strongest note.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8(1)

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Cadences- How to end a phrase or piece

  • A cadence is a sequence of notes that end a musical phrase or piece.
  • When ending a piece some combinations of notes are more pleasing to the ears than other.
  • To end our compositions we will use these cadences (always label your cadence):

5 - 1 Low 7 - 1 7 - 1 (8) 2 - 1

V - I VII - I VII - I II - I

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Practice and Feedback

  • Go back to your Do Now from the beginning of class, and edit your piece to include a cadence.
  • When you have finished, quietly exchange papers with someone at your table. Clap and count their composition, check for errors. Use this checklist:

If you see an error remember to use positive and constructive feedback. I should hear the following phrases:

  • I like how you used….
  • I notice there is a mistake here….
  • We can _______ to fix the mistake….
  • Time signature, correct amount of beats per measure
  • Use notes and rests
  • Correct notes, first and lest note middle C
  • Is there an appropriate cadence?

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Do Now Day 7

Compose 6 measures in 4/4 time, c major with an appropriate cadence.

**Please note** When notes are on the 3rd line of the staff or higher the stems go down to the left!

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Dynamics- How loud or quiet. Volume.

  • Pianissimo (pp) – very soft
  • Piano (p) – soft-
  • Mezzo Piano (mp) – medium soft
  • Mezzo Forte (mf) – medium loud
  • Forte (f) – loud-
  • Fortissimo (ff) very loud
  • Crescendo gradually get louder
  • Decrescendo gradually get quieter

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Where are dynamics in the music?

Clap rhythms with dynamics.

Example 1

Example 2

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Practice

  • Go back to your Do Now from the beginning of class, and edit your piece to include dynamics.
  • When you have finished, quietly exchange papers with someone at your table. Clap their piece, check for errors.

If you see an error, remember to use positive and constructive feedback. I should hear the following phrases:

  • I like how you used….
  • I notice there is a mistake here….
  • We can _______ to fix the mistake….
  • Time signature, correct amount of beats per measure
  • Use notes and rests
  • Correct notes, first and lest note middle C
  • Is there an appropriate cadence?
  • 1 or 2 dynamic markings

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Day 8 Do Now

  • Draw the symbols.
  • Write the Italian words and English meanings for the following dynamic markings:

1. ff

2. mf

3. p

4.

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Tempo

How fast or slow music should be performed. The speed.

We will use the following website to explore tempo.

http://www.sfskids.org/classic/templates/musicLabF.asp?pageid=11

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Where are tempo markings notated in the music?

Visit this site for a metronome:

https://www.metronomeonline.com/

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Day 9 Do Now

  • Define tempo.
  • What Italian word is used to describe “a walking speed”?
  • If a piece of music has a presto tempo marking, how does the composer want it played?
  • Define: moderato, allegro

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Form

  • Form is the structure of a musical piece or how its organized.
  • Music has different sections..
  • ABA form
  • 3 sections
  • Same, different, same

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Examples

This student explained that their idea was based on how chicken’s move because their family raises chickens. The have small feet and sometimes move quickly and stop. The sixteenth notes represent how chicken feet move quickly and take lots of steps. the eighth and quarter notes represent when the chickens slow down.

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Examples

This student explained that their idea was soldiers marching because they like military movies. The first “A” section represents the army going into battle strong and ready. The decrescendo represents them getting quiet so they aren’t seen. The “B” section is the battle, some quick and slow moves. The last A section is marching away from battle.

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Composition Project

  • Compose a piece in ABA form, 3/4 or 4/4 time, C major.
  • 4-6 measures per section, label sections.
  • Include dynamics, tempo and a cadence in the last measure of your piece.
  • When you have finished, quietly exchange papers with someone at your table. Clap their piece, check for errors. Use this checklist:

  • Time signature, correct amount of beats per measure
  • Use a variety of notes and rests
  • Correct notes, C major scale, first note middle C
  • Is there an appropriate cadence? Is it Labeled?
  • Is there a tempo marking in the correct place?
  • Are there 2-3 dynamic markings in the correct places?
  • ABA form, labeled

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Improvisation

  • The spontaneous creation of music, usually within a set of rules (key of the music, maybe time signature).
  • To improvise, we can use different rhythms, different notes within the key, different tempo and dynamics.
  • We will improvise on the “A section” of our compositions.

How?

Start by playing the first and last measure as written and improvise measures 2-3. Stay within your time signature.

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Extension

  • Have students input their composition into notation software.
  • Suggestion: Noteflight.com is free and very user friendly. An email address is required for students to create an account for 10 free scores. Noteflight plays back the music while performing tempo and dynamic markings. There are also YouTube help videos that provide how-to assistance. There are also school licenses available for purchase.
  • Finale or Finale notepad are also options.