APUSH Review Session #3

The New Nation 1789-1824

EQ: How did the Federalists Strengthen the Federal Government in the Early Years?

​

The Constitution Tested

• The Young Republic
• George Washington
• Establishes PRECEDENTS
• Things that other Presidents will do, b/c he did it
• Forms the CABINET 
• People to advise the President
• TWO TERM PRESIDENCY
• Doesn’t want to be seen as a KING
• NO ONE will serve more than two terms, until FDR in 1940
• Will become LAW with the 22nd Amendment
• THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF THE UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTION (question on EVERY REGENTS!!!)
• ***IF YOU SEE: GW/Foreign Policy ---->Neutrality!***

​

Hamilton's Financial Plan: ON ALMOST EVERY EXAM!!!

“BAT”

1. Bank of the United States:

• Gov’t controlled banks, to control the flow of money in the country

2. Assumption of all state’s debts

• Took all the debts from each state, and combined it into one, national debt.
• Distributed it evenly amongst the states
• Gives the federal gov’t more control over the economy

​

IV. Hamilton's Financial Plan: ON ALMOST EVERY EXAM!!!

2. Assumption of all state’s debts

• Took all the debts from each state, and combined it into one, national debt.
• Distributed it evenly amongst the states
• Gives the federal gov’t more control over the economy

3. Tariffs: Taxes on imported goods

• Raise prices of imported goods
• Encourage people to “buy American”
• Helps Northern manufacturing states
• Angers Southern States

​

IV. Hamilton's Financial Plan: ON ALMOST EVERY EXAM!!!

C. Controversy w/Thomas Jefferson

1. Strict vs. Loose Interpretation of the Constitution
1. Strict - Jefferson
1. If the Constitution doesn't say you can do it; then you can't do it
2. Loose - Hamilton
• "Necessary and Proper"
• If the Constitution doesn't specifically say you CAN'T do it, then it's OK.

II. The Whiskey Rebellion

• What happened?
• CONGRESS approves a TAX ON WHISKEY
• Whiskey was consumed mainly by the poor and farmer class. 
• Many whiskey producers were located deep in the rural Pennsylvania mountains.
• Farmers revolted; Washington uses military to CRUSH the rebellion
• Importance:
• ENFORCES THE SUPREMACY CLAUSE (Article 6 of the Constitution)
• Power of the Nat’l Gov’t > States
• “Daddy (Federal Gov’t) is in Charge!
• States Better Obey Their Father!
• ​

The Whiskey Rebellion

III. Washington's Farewell Address

A. The Warning:

1. Have as little political connection to foreign nations as possible.

2. Have no permanent alliances with any European nation

***ALSO ON EVERY TEST!***

IF YOU SEE...GW FOREIGN POLICY=NEUTRALITY, or ISOLATIONISM

​

III. Washington's Farewell Address

B. Why is this important?

1. Basis for America’s relationship with Europe until World War I

2. Will be used to justify ISOLATIONISM (or non involvement) with Europe after WWI, and failure to join the League of Nations

IV. Hamilton's Financial Plan: ON ALMOST EVERY EXAM!!!

A. Purpose

1. Economic Growth
2. Strengthen finances
3. Give merchants, etc. a reason to support the new gov't

B. Plan - “BAT”

1. Bank of the United States:

• Gov’t controlled banks, to control the flow of money in the country

III. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

A. "Revolution of 1800"

1. End of the Federalist Era
2. Power changed PEACEFULLY!

B. Jeffersonian Democracy:

1. Believes cities, bankers, etc. are corrupt; farmer is symbol of virtue and independence
2. Fed. gov't must NOT violate rights of states
1. Ky./Va. Resolutions

3. Freedom of speech/press

4. Small gov't

III. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

C. Louisiana Purchase - 1803

1. Jefferson wants to purchase New Orleans; help trade
2. France just wants to dump the whole La. Territory
3. VIOLATES STRICT INTERPRETATION:
1. The Constitution does not specifically say a President can make a land purchase
2. BUT...The President can make a TREATY!
3. Jefferson does it anyway; b/c it's the best for the country
4. Jefferson adopts a more loose view of the Constitution, and strengthens the power of the gov’t

​

III. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

A. Louisiana Purchase - 1803

4. Largest land purchase in US History
1. Doubles the Size of the US
1. US gets control of the Great Plains
2. Land is used for farming; i.e. FOOD!
2. M-I-S-S-I-S-S-I-P-P-I RIVER. 
• Trade, Travel and Time. 
• The river will make the U.S. an economic powerhouse.
3. Manifest Destiny. 
• This is a prime and early example of Manifest Destiny. 
• Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand to the West Coast

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

#7

#8

#8

V. The Marshall Court:

A. BELIEF IN STRONG CENTRAL GOV'T

1. Marshall believed a SCG would be best for the nation
2. Against State's Rights: Idea that the states are in charge, and don’t have to listen to the Federal Gov’t

B. Marbury v. Madison - ON ALMOST EVERY TEST!

1. JR - Judicial Review
1. Supreme can declare acts of Congress UNCONSTITUTIONAL

C. STRENGTH CASES: Decisions that strengthened the power of the Federal Gov’t

1. Dartmouth v. Woodward:
1. State cannot interfere in a federal contract

2. McCullough v. Maryland - States couldn't tax Nat Bank

3. Gibbons v. Ogden - Fed regulates COMMERCE (trade)

​

V. The Marshall Court - Judicial Nationalism:

​

STRENGTH CASES: Decisions that strengthened the power of the Federal Gov’t

1. Dartmouth v. Woodward:
• State cannot interfere in a federal contract

2. McCullough v. Maryland - States couldn't tax Nat Bank

3. Gibbons v. Ogden - Fed regulates COMMERCE (trade)

***ON THE EXAM, if you see…

Marbury v. Madison = Judicial Review

Gibbons v. Ogden, McCullough v. Maryland, or Dartmouth v. Woodward = STRENGTHENS the FEDERAL GOV’T***

​

The War of 1812-Era of Good Feelings Review

V. The War of 1812

A. Causes

1. British IMPRESSMENT of American Sailors

a. Forced them to serve in the British Navy

2. British INTERFERENCE with American trade

3. British ASSISTANCE of Native Americans on the Frontier

B. Consequences:

1. End of the Federalist Party

2. Intensified Nationalism: Love for one's country

3. Encouraged Industrial Growth

4. Makes Andrew Jackson a National Hero

VI. Nationalism and Domestic Policy:

James Monroe 1817-25

A. Clay's American System

1. Internal improvements

a. Roads

b. Canals

2. Improved transportation would link the nation, and help trade

3. Tariffs to help domestic industries, and to fund the improvements

B. Era of Good Feelings?

1. Democratic-Republicans control Congress/Presidency

2. Conflicts over tariffs, slavery, federal $ for improvements

VI. The Presidency of James Monroe 1817-1825

C. Missouri Compromise (MOCOMP)

1. First major conflict over slavery

2. Maine enters as a FREE STATE; Mo. as a SLAVE STATE

3. Closed the remaining territory to slavery at 36,30

• ***Both B and C are big question topics!***

D. The Monroe Doctrine

1. Asserts American Independence from Europe in Foreign Policy

2. Warns European nations against further colonization

3. Promised that the US would not interfere in their affairs.