wave

particle

Σ(solar irradiance)dλ

HW

Refractive index of medium

Velocity of light

Velocity of light in vacuum

1) Law of reflection

2) Law of refraction (Snell’s raw)

n1=1.3, n2=1(air), θc=sin^-1(1/1.3)=50^o

n1=1.5, θc=sin^-1(1/1.5)=41^o

n1=1.7, θc=sin^-1(1/1.7)=36^o

​

θ1=sin^-1(n1sin(60^o- θc))

θ2=sin^-1(1.3sin(30^o))

​

n1=1.3, θ1=13^o, θ2=40.5^o total:θ1+θ2=53.5^o

starting angle:60^o-θ1=47^o

n1=1.5, θ1=28^o, θ2=49^o total:θ1+θ2=77^o

starting angle:60^o-θ1=32^o

n1=1.7, θ1=44^o, θ2=58^o total:θ1+θ2=102^o

starting angle:60^o-θ1=16^o

Full reflection in polymer matrix

HW

Prism

Minimum deviation

Dispersion, n=f(λ), Audustin Cauchy

Wave function

Harmonic waves

Electromagnetic waves

Energy density

Power

Superposition

Constructive

Destructive

General (same T)

Standing waves

Cavity resonance

Beat phenomenon (different T)

Young’s slit

Interference

Photon #

Ground state:

electromagnetic vacuum

Total energy in electromagnetic field of frequency ν

Energy quantization in Matter

Energy quantization of Electromagnetic Fields

Blackbody radiation

Spectral exitance

Max wavelength

dM/dλ=0

Wien displacement law

Plank law

HW

Scattering efficiency

Scattering Parameters=2πr/λ

Optical

MIE

Rayleigh

2r

Silk

HW

IR_T*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Ta⁴)

IR_R*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Tc⁴)

IR_A*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Tc⁴)

σ*IR_A(Tc⁴-Ta⁴)

Solar_R*Qsolar

Solar_T*Qsolar

Solar_A*Qsolar

1. Skin

Qbody+IR_R*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Tc⁴)+Solar_T*Qsolar

=IR_T*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Ta⁴)+IR_A*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Tc⁴)

2. Textile

IR_A*σ*ε(Ts⁴-Tc⁴)+Solar_A*Qsolar

=σ*IR_A(Tc⁴-Ta⁴)

Steady state thermal model

Heat gain = heat release

Optic data

• 1. meaning
• 2. how?

Polymetylpentene: PMP

PDMS+Al layer

TPX+silica+Ag layer

Silk+titania textile

POM textile

PLA+PTFE+titania textile

Gold

Carbon

Fiber

Fiber

Emissivity = absorption

Destructive -> low transmission/high absorption