AS Revision

​

Biodiversity: Classification

​

Mrs Kavanagh

(a) the classification of organisms into groups based �on their evolutionary relationships and that classification places organisms into discrete and hierarchical groups with other closely related species

�(b) the need for classification and its tentative nature and,��

(c) the three domain classification system as compared with the five Kingdom classification system

​

(d) the characteristic features of Kingdoms: Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

​

Revision Lesson: Objectives and Outcomes

Define the term: classification

Become familiar with the 5 kingdom classification system

Understand the 3 domain classification system

Compare the 5 kingdom and the 3 domain systems

Understand the characteristics of the organisms �in the five kingdoms

What is classification?

Classification is described as:

​

A process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary history.

Classification is hierarchical.

The larger groups are split into groups of decreasing size.

The groups of

different organisms

are discrete.

​

Each group is called a taxon (plural, taxa) and are found at each taxonomic level.

Live Birth

Mammary Glands

Hair

Amniote Egg

Four Legs

Phylogenetic

5 kingdom

3 domain

What is the 3 domain classification system?

What do organisms in the same domain have in common?

Organisms in the same domain share the same ribosomal RNA

Every species has a binomial name. Which two taxa are used to make this name?��

Genus and species.

Biochemical evidence

led to the development 

of the domain classification system.

​

Which of the following is not a domain?

Eukaryota

Archaea

Cnidaria

Bacteria

The taxonomical classification system is hierarchical with larger taxa subdivided into smaller taxa.

�Which of the following is the correct order of the taxa from largest to smallest?�

largest taxon

2^nd largest taxon

3^rd largest taxon

4^th largest taxon

5^th largest taxon

6^th largest taxon

7^th largest taxon

Kingdom

Phylum

Order

Class

Family

Species

Genus

3

5

or

How many domains do scientists use to classify organisms?

Kingdom

Species

or

Which taxon has the largest number of organisms?

Larger groups are split into groups of increasing size

or

Classification is hierarchical...what does this mean?

Larger groups are split into groups of decreasing size

Discrete 

or

Which word describes the fact that one organism can only belong to one taxon?

Hierarchy 

Exam Questions

In 1977, Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system, based on analysis of differences in the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA genes. Identify the domain to which the giant panda would belong. Give a reason for your answer. (2)

Eukaryota (1) Contains membrane bound organelles/DNA bound in envelope/80S ribosomes/multicellular (1)

The table opposite, gives some details of human classification, in hierarchical order.

​

Name the class and the family to which humans belong.

​

Class: _______________

​

​

Family: _______________

Mammalia

Hominidae

The snow leopard, Panthera uncia, is an endangered species of big cat, found in the mountainous regions of central Asia.

�Complete the table, opposite, for the classification of the snow leopard.

​

Family

Class

Panthera

uncia

Animalia

Vertebrates

• Has gills

​

• Cold blooded

​

• Lays soft eggs

• Lives in water and then

on land

​

• Cold blooded

​

• Lays soft eggs in water

• Has hair or fur

​

• Warm blooded

​

• Gives birth to live young

• Has feathers

​

• Warm blooded

​

• Lays hard shelled eggs

• Scaly bodied

​

• Cold blooded

​

• Lays leathery eggs

Invertebrates

Plantae

Fungi

Protoctista

Prokaryotae

Which kingdoms have eukaryotic cells?

• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protoctista

Describe the features of prokaryotae

• Unicellular
• Lack a true nucleus
• Rigid cell wall

Describe the features of fungi

• Chitin cell wall
• Eukaryotes
• Heterotrophs
• Asexual reproduction, via spores
• Grow by producing hyphae

Which kingdoms are most likely to engulf prey and carry out photosynthesis?

Protoctista

No membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotes, which are mostly unicellular but some multicellular, and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

Multicellular, photosynthetic organisms

Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls

Heterotrophic organisms, which reproduce using spores

Animalia

Plantae

Prokaryotae

Fungi

Protoctista

Exam Questions

Complete the table, opposite, using the characteristics to identify each kingdom.

Animalia/animal

Fungi

Prokaryotae/Monera,

NOT bacteria

Plantae/plant

Protoctista, accept protists

The following statements describe some of the features of organisms, in each of the five kingdoms. Write the letter of the sentences A to E in the box correctly identifying each of the five kingdoms.

​

A Eukaryotic organisms possessing cell walls and large vacuoles in their cells.

​

B Eukaryotic organisms that are non-photosynthetic but possess cell walls.

​

C Heterotrophic organisms, showing nervous co-ordination.

​

D Unicellular organisms with no internal or nuclear membranes but possessing a cell wall.

​

E Small organisms possessing both internal and nuclear membrane.

A

B

C

D

E

The table, opposite, gives some features of three living organisms.

​

Complete the table by stating the name of each kingdom.

Fungi

Prokaryotae

Plantae

The table, below, shows certain characteristics of four kingdoms. If the characteristic is present in members of the kingdom, this is shown with a tick: or if the characteristic is not present, this is shown with a cross: . Complete the table by giving the name of each kingdom, into the empty boxes:

Plantae, accept plant

Animalia, accept animal

Prokaryote, accept prokaryotic

Protoctista, not protozoa  or fungi