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1940’s-1950’s HISTORICAL AD ANALYSIS

Week 15 Introduction

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Finish Well!

Finish Strong!

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1940’s-1950’s Ad Analysis

Will give us opportunity to practice old and new skills...

old

  • identifying audience and purpose
  • incorporating quotes effectively/framing techniques
  • building strong body paragraphs: claim

context/intro---text/evidence---commentary

  • composing an effective analysis essay
  • MLA/works cited format

new

  • identifying target audience and purpose
  • identifying advertising appeals and persuasive techniques (rhetoric)
  • describing visual images and composition
  • identifying values of 1940’s and 1950’s culture in comparison to our own.

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Advertising Appeals

Here is an article which

explains and gives examples of 23 common types of appeals advertisers use to reach their audience. There is also a video that presents this information, click this link.

It’s important that you understand these techniques as you’ll be looking for them in the ads and

writing about them.

Emotional Appeals

  1. Personal Appeal
  2. Social Appeal/

Bandwagon

  • Humor Appeal
  • Fear Appeal
  • Sexual Appeal
  • Romantic Appeal
  • Endorsement Appeal
  • Youth Appeal
  • Popularity Appeal
  • Musical Appeal
  • Adventure Appeal
  • Empathy Appeal
  • Potential Appeal
  • Brand Appeal

Rational Appeals

15. Pain/Solution

16. Scarcity Appeal

17. Testimonial Appeal

18. Contrasting Appeal

19. Status Appeal

20. Statistics Appeal

21. Beauty Appeal

22. Transparent Appeal

23. Natural Appeal

23 Common Advertising Appeals

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Advertising Appeals

Ethical Appeals

Appeal to Authority/Trustworthy Source

Environmental Appeal/ Nature/Health

Appeal to Morality/Virtue

A few more

to consider...

Here’s the link to the source where

there are descriptions for them if needed (starting on p.278)

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How to Analyze an Advertisement

Advertisements are everywhere around us. Whenever we scroll through Instagram, read a web page, or watch a Youtube video, we are bombarded by images and text vying for our attention and money.

Ads can tell us a lot about the cultures that creates them revealing their perceived needs, values, and cultural expectations.

For our final paper, we’ll be studying print advertisements of the 1940’s and 1950’s. We’ll learn how to analyze an ad, then practice critical analysis through writing.

Here are three areas to consider for when analyzing a print advertisement:

1. What does the text say and how does it say it?

The text was carefully crafted to create a consistent message about the ad.

2. What visual elements are used?

Pictures are worth a thousand words, and this is very true for print advertisements. How does this ad create visual interest?

3. Who is the target market?

What demographic is the ad targeting? Consider social class, income, lifestyle, gender, age, race, and values.

Here is the worksheet you’ll need to analyse your ad. Please make a copy.

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Step 1- Analyse the Text

What does the text say and how does it say it?

The text was carefully crafted to create a consistent message about the ad.

  1. Does the ad incorporate slogans, titles, or subheadings?

If so, what are they? How do they make an effort to

catch the audience’s attention or appeal to their

needs/values?

  • Read any other chunks of text in the ad. What is it discussing? Is it relevant to the product? Explain.

  • What point-of-view (1st, 2nd, 3rd) is used?

  • How would you describe style and tone of the text?

  • What diction/word choice do you find effective or

noteworthy?

  • Does the text tell a story or present a lifestyle? Explain.

  • What appeals are being used in the text?

8. What does the text reveal about the culture of the 1940’s or 1950s that is different from today’s culture?

9. Which aspects or needs transcend this culture and apply to both worlds? Explain.

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Step 2- Analyse the Visual Elements

What visual elements are used?

How is the ad composed?

  1. How does the ad capture the reader’s attention visually? What do you notice first? How does the ad draw your eye in?

  • Does the ad depict the product by itself or is it being used by someone? If it depicts people, what is the representation of males, females, and/or cultural or age groups?

  • If the ad depicts a scene try to determine the story or plot. Who are the characters, what are they doing, and what is probably going to happen next?

  • Do the images suggest a lifestyle associated with the product (essentially telling us how the produce would make our life better)? Explain.

  • Describe how the various visual elements arranged on the page. Consider foreground/background, lighting, framing, angles, or other techniques? What is their effect?

6. What colors are predominant?

7. Locate any headings or slogans. What do you notice about the color, style, size, and placement of them?

8. Locate the corporate logo, slogan, or other designation that lets you know what company sells this product. How prominently is it featured?

9. How do the images address the target audience’s value or needs?

10. How do the images appeal to those needs?

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Step 3- Identify the Target Audience

One of the most important elements of an advertisement is that it needs to reach its target audience; if it does not, it has failed in its goal. The goal of a media-literate person is to be able to identify that intended audience.

Look at the advertisement and answer the following questions in order to determine the audience for this ad:

1. What is the product that is being advertised?

2. In general, this product is mainly used by:

3. What is the apparent age and gender of the people in the ad (if they are present)

4. What age person would most likely be attracted to this ad and why?

5. What gender would most likely be attracted to this ad and why?

6. Does this ad portray a particular class, race, or lifestyle?

Explain.

7. What might the target audience value or need?

8. Does the ad try to address those needs?

Explain.

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This is an

ad from 1942, the

setting of

A Separate

Peace.

I’ve made the

text larger

on the next

slide so that we

can read it easily.

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Source:

Ladies Home Journal,

1942

Duke University

Library, Digital Collections,

Ad* Access

“The Story Behind This Bar of Palmolive Soap”

Source: Milwaukee

Mag online

Author: Matthew Prigge

Date: 25 Jan 2018

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Here are two places online where you can browse and access 1940’s-1950’s advertisements:

Duke University

Digital Collections

Ad Access

Vintage Ad Browser

Smart Tips:

Browse ads at both locations or find one elsewhere. I’d suggest you browse several types or categories as well. There are many vintage ad sites online.

As you browse, think about what these ads reveal about 1940’s and 1950’s culture.

Your ad can be color or black and white, but it must be from the 1940’s-1950’s.

Read through the ad analysis worksheet

before you choose an advertisement

so you’ll know the requirements.

Pick a topic that you find

interesting! You always write

better when you write about

something you find

interesting.

Plan Ahead--you’ll need to submit a copy of the ad with your worksheet and with your final paper.

Be sure to bookmark and save the url and image.

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Source: Ebay

Information:

Palmolive Dishwashing Liquid Dish Soap Madge Soaking Hands 1971 Vintage Print Ad

This listing is for an ORIGINAL Print Advertisement from Good Housekeeping Magazine

Googling history of the company and/or

product can also

be helpful context.

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Possible Ad Topics