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S T U D E N T G U I D E

Social Hierarchies in Ashanti, Ghana

How do social hierarchies impact the way that some decisions are made in Ghana?

View this lesson at ThinkCERCA

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Table of Contents

Skills Focus

  • Build Your Vocabulary: Map a Word
  • Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

Overview and Connect

  • Find Your Purpose for Learning
  • Share Your Personal Connection

Read and Check

  • Share Your Reflections
  • Test Prep Strategy: Prediction (Optional)

Analyze / Engage with the Text

  • Highlight and Annotate

Summarize

  • Write a Summary

Develop / Build Your Argument

  • Share Your Argument Builder

Draft and Review / Create your CERCA

  • Peer Editing Activity
  • Reflect on Your Writing

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Extension Activities

  • Research Activity: Social Hierarchies Research
  • Inquiry to Research: Asking Questions of the Texts

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Build Your Vocabulary: �Map a Word — Chief�

Synonym (similar or like word)

Antonym (opposite word)

Picture of Vocabulary Word

Vocabulary Word and Definition

Part of Speech

Root Word or Origin

Sentence Using Vocabulary Word

Instructions: Analyzing key vocabulary words will help you better understand the texts you are reading. Word mapping can also help the words "stick" in your memory. Complete the map below with the vocabulary word provided in the title. Use a dictionary if necessary. Fill as many boxes as you can.

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

What is a central, or main, idea?

A central, or main, idea is…

How do readers find information from more than one text?

Readers find information…

How can readers compare and contrast multiple texts to understand information?

Readers can compare and contrast…

Instructions: Take notes on the Direct Instruction lesson using the organizer below. Then summarize and reflect on the next page.

Complete the Direct Instruction lesson online at learn.thinkcerca.com

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

Summarize and Reflect

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 3–4 sentence summary of this Direct Instruction lesson. An accurate summary will cover the lesson's central ideas and include important details to support those ideas.

Record your summary here:

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Find Your Purpose for Learning

Instructions: When you have finished reading the Overview for this lesson, answer the following questions in the space below:

What more would you like to learn about how social hierarchies are formed? What would you like to know about how social hierarchies shape who has power versus who doesn’t?

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Read the Overview provided at learn.thinkcerca.com

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Share Your Personal Connection

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Complete the Connect section for this selection at learn.thinkcerca.com

Instructions:�

  1. Think: On your own, think about your experiences related to the topic.
  2. Pair & Share: With a partner, group, or a trusted listener, share the parts of your response that you feel comfortable sharing.
  3. Reflect: If time permits, reflect on your experience. What ideas did others share that you hadn't considered? How were your ideas alike?

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R E A D

Share Your Reflections

Instructions: During or after you have finished reading, find the questions in the text marked Pause and Reflect. These questions may help you understand the text, or they may help you connect the text to yourself, to other texts, or to the world around you.

Use the space on the left below to answer the reflection questions. Then discuss your answers, noting how they were similar or different.

Record “Pause and Reflect” answers here:

Record discussion reflections here:

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Refer to the Pause and Reflect questions within the Read section of the lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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C H E C K

Test Prep Strategy: Prediction

One way to prepare for assessments is to practice looking for the answers in the text before looking at the answer choices. Use prediction strategies as an opportunity to read a text more carefully.

Read each multiple choice question. In your own words, record your prediction of the correct response in the chart below.

Question on ThinkCERCA

What is the question asking you to do?

Example: Which of the following statements best explains how the passage is structured?

Look for details on the order of ideas in the passage, like order of importance, or cause and effect.

Refer to the multiple choice questions for this lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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A N A L Y Z E / E N G A G E W I T H T H E T E X T

Highlight and Annotate

In this step, you will analyze the text closely, then discuss your findings to begin developing reasoning for your argument.

  1. Read the text again, highlighting and annotating important details. ��Follow the prompts provided. The highlighting prompts will help you with the final writing task. ��You will find evidence to support your own argument or informational piece, as well as models of excellence that will help you better understand a writer’s craft in narratives and poetry. The evidence you highlight will be available when you begin building your draft in the next step.

  1. If time permits, pair and share your highlights and annotations with a classmate. Pay close attention to this conversation! Your thinking is important reasoning that you may include in your final draft.

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Analyze / Engage with the Text.

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S U M M A R I Z E

Write a Summary

Summaries help you process your thinking about a text and are often a great way to start off an argumentative or informational essay. A good summary shows you have knowledge about a topic.

Practicing summarizing also helps you prepare for the main idea questions posed on many standardized assessments. In addition, summarizing is a helpful skill for working with others, such as when you need to confirm your understanding of what someone else has said. That's a useful skill for all parts of life.

  1. Use the sentence stems provided in the online lesson to summarize the text. Your summary should:
  2. Be brief
  3. Include the main idea and key details
  4. Represent these ideas fairly and accurately �
  5. If time permits, pair and share with a classmate. Read each other’s summary, and discuss how they are similar or different. What did you say were the main idea and key details? Were your summaries fair and accurate? Why?

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Summarize.

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D E V E L O P / B U I L D Y O U R A R G U M E N T

Share your Argument Builder

When you’ve completed the argument building step, share your results with others, and listen to how they responded to the same question. Ask questions, and give feedback to help strengthen your partners’ reasons and evidence.

How do social hierarchies impact the way that some decisions are made in Ghana?

Share Your Argument

Listen and Record Others

1.

2.

3.

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Peer Editing Activity

  1. Do a self-assessment of your CERCA. Use the online rubric for the lesson on learn.thinkcerca.com, checking each box where you find evidence that you have achieved the criteria.�
  2. Next, collaborate with a classmate to read each other’s drafts. Again, use the rubric to evaluate each other’s work.�
  3. Share insights into what might make your pieces stronger. Find two positive attributes and one area of growth for each draft you review.�
  4. Revise your piece using what you learned from your self-assessment and the feedback from your peers.

Complete your Draft at learn.thinkcerca.com

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Reflect on Your Writing

Before you submit your final CERCA, write a brief reflection describing your experience.

An area for growth for me on this piece or in my writing in general is…

The strongest areas of this piece of writing are…

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Through self-assessment and/or peer editing, I learned…

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Extension Activities

The following activities can be used as extensions to this lesson.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R E S E A R C H A C T I V I T Y

Social Hierarchies Research

Around the world, people are often divided into different social groups. These groupings are called social hierarchies.

Social hierarchies are formed based on a number of different factors. Sometimes work determines where people will be grouped. Sometimes people’s families determine their group. Other times, their grouping has to do with the type of education that they have. The creation of social hierarchies also means that some people will have more power than others. Why do you think this happens?

Imagine that you are a social historian. This means that it is your job to research the ways in which people have been grouped together throughout history. As a social historian, you will pick a time period and a civilization to study to determine how and why social hierarchies were formed.

Materials Needed

  • Access to a school-approved search engine or school library resources (with adult permission)
  • Pyramid Template
  • “Why?” Cards
  • Markers or Colored Pencils
  • Ruler for making straight lines

Research

  • Use a school-approved search engine or school library resources to conduct deeper research on the social hierarchies of one of the following civilizations:
    • Aztec
    • Inca
    • Ancient Egypt
    • Feudal Europe

Organize & Explain

  • Use the Pyramid Template to place different groups of the social hierarchy at the appropriate level.
  • Use the “Why?” cards to explain why each group was formed and placed at each level.

Share & Discuss

Present your social hierarchy pyramid and “Why?” cards to your classmates. Allow them to ask questions about the social hierarchy that you’ve covered.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Social Hierarchies Research

Directions:

  • Use a school-approved search engine or school library resources to research the social hierarchies of Aztec, Inca, ancient Egyptian, and Feudal European civilizations.

Helpful Resources

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Social Hierarchies Pyramid

Directions:

  • Use the Social Hierarchies Pyramid Template to organize the social hierarchies that you’ve researched.
    • Because each hierarchy is different, your pyramid may have a different number of groups than your classmates.

Use your ruler to draw straight lines across your pyramid to divide each social group.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Why? Cards

Directions:

  • Use the “Why?” cards to explain the reason for each social hierarchy grouping.

USE AS MANY OF THESE CARDS AS YOU NEED

The __ (1st|2nd|3rd|4th) person/group is called the ��

(His|Her|Their) job is to��

They have (the most power| a lot of power| some power| very little power) in this society because��

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts

As you engage with texts in any subject, you can actively ask questions about the author’s purpose, intended audience, and occasion to understand the message. The table below provides examples.

Approaches

Example

Questions about the author

Is the author an authority on this topic? What was the author’s motivation in writing this piece?

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Why was this article written? Why was it published at this time?

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

How are social hierarchies formed?

Questions about concepts and ideas

How do social hierarchies benefit some people while actively hurting others?

Questions about self and community reflections

How do social hierarchies shape who has power versus who doesn’t?

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts (continued)

Use the table below to record questions about the text you read.

Approaches

Questions

Questions about the author

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

Questions about concepts and ideas

Self and Community Reflections

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