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CH-3 FIBRE TO FABRIC

TYPES OF FIBRE

● 1.NATURAL FIBRE-OBTAINED FROM PLANTS AND

ANIMALS.EXAMPLE-COTTON, WOOL, SILK, JUTE.

● 2.SYNTHETIC FIBRE-MADE FROM CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES. EXAMPLE-NYLON, POLYESTER

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PROCESS OF OBTAINING COTTON FIBRE

  1. CULTIVATION-GROWN AT PLACES HAVING BLACK SOIL AND WARM CLIMATE.FRUITS OF COTTON PLANTS ARE KNOWN AS CO TTON BOLLS.ON MATURING, THE BOLLS BURST OPEN AND THE SEEDS COVERED WITH COTTON FIBRE CAN BE SEEN.
  2. PICKING-FROM THESE BOLLS COTTON IS PICKED WITH

HANDS.

2.GINNING-THE PROCESS OF SEPARATING FIBRES FROM SEEDS IS CALLED GINNING.

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PROCESS OF OBTAINING JUTE FIBRE

  1. CULTIVATION: The jute plant needs a

plain alluvial soil and standing water. It is cultivated during the rainy season. It is harvested at the flowering stage.

  1. RETTING: The stems of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days. The stems rot and fibres are separated by hand
  2. To make fabric, it is first converted to yarn.

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• A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle also called takli.

• Now a days it is done by

machines.

SPINNING

It is a process in which fibre is made into yarn.

The fibre is drawn out and twisted to get the yarn

• Spinning was done with charkha in India. Its use was popularized by Mahatma Gandhi

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Yarn to fabric

The main two processes to get the fabric from the yarn are

weaving and knitting.

WEAVING

The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving .Cloth is usually woven on a loom .

KNITTING

Knitting is a method in which single yarn is used to make a fabric. Knitting may be done by hand or by using machines

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History of Clothing material

In ancient times people used bark and big leaves of trees

or animal skins and furs to cover themselves.

Later they started to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets.

Vines, animal fleece, or hair were twisted together into long strands which were woven into fabrics. People simply draped the fabrics around their bodies.

With the invention of sewing needle, people started stitching fabrics to make clothes. Stitched clothes have undergone many variations since then.

But, it is amazing that even today saree, dhoti, lungi and turban is used as an un-stitched fabric.