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Greek Historians�

Herodotus:

Greek historian who wrote the history of the Persian Wars; the “father of history”

Thucydides: Greek

Wrote History of the Peloponnesian War
He relied on the testimony of eyewitnesses and his own experiences as a general during the war.

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Think-Pair-Share

Who is considered the father of history?

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From the History Channel: Thucydides

One of the greatest ancient historians, Thucydides (c.460 B.C.–c.400 B.C.) chronicled nearly 30 years of war and tension between Athens and Sparta.
His “History of the Peloponnesian War” set a standard for scope, concision and accuracy that makes it a defining text of the historical genre. Unlike his near-contemporary Herodotus…

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Thucydides

Thucydides’ topic was his own time. He relied on the testimony of eyewitnesses and his own experiences as a general during the war.
Though specific in detail, the questions he addressed were timeless: What makes nations go to war? How can politics elevate or poison a society? What is the measure of a great leader or a great democracy?

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Terms To Know�

Philosophy:: love or pursuit of wisdom; a system of thought

Philosopher: a person who studies ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life.:

Logic: interrelation or sequence of facts or events when seen as inevitable or predictable

Reason: a statement or fact that explains why something is the way it is, why someone does, thinks, or says something, or why someone behaves a certain way

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Greek Philosophers

Socrates (from History Channel)

best known as a questioner of everything and everyone.
His style of teaching—immortalized as the Socratic Method—involved not conveying knowledge but rather asking question after clarifying question until his students arrived at their own understanding.

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Socrates (from History Channel)

Although he never outright rejected the standard Athenian view of religion, Socrates' beliefs were nonconformist. He often referred to God rather than the gods, and reported being guided by an inner divine voice.

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Think-Pair-Share

What is the Socratic method? Give an example of someone you know who uses it.

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Greek Philosophers

Plato was one of Socrates’ best students.

In his book the Republic, Plato described the ideal government.
Philosopher Kings should rule

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Greek Philosophers (cont.)

He opened his own school called the Lyceum.

Aristotle was one of Plato’s students.
Aristotle believed that tyranny is the “very reverse of a constitution.”

He explained that where the laws have no authority, there is no constitution. The law ought to be supreme over all.

Aristotle stressed that these laws must uphold just principles, such that “true forms of government will of necessity have just laws, and perverted forms of government will have unjust laws.”

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Types of Government

Monarchy

A country that is ruled by a monarch (such as a king or queen)

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Monarchy Video

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Think-Pair-Share

What is a Monarchy?

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Types of Government

Aristocracy

a governing body or upper class usually made up of a hereditary nobility

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Think-Pair-Share

What is an Aristocracy?

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Types of Government

Oligarchy

Rule by the few, often seen as having self-serving ends.
Most classic oligarchies have resulted when governing elites were recruited exclusively from a ruling class, which tends to exercise power in its own interest.

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Oligarchy Video

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Think-Pair-Share

What is an Oligarchy?

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Types of Government

Tyranny

a government in which absolute power is vested in a single ruler; especially : one characteristic of an ancient Greek city-state

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Tyranny Video

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Types of Government

Democracy

government by the people; especially : rule of the majority
a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections

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Think-Pair-Share

What is a Democracy?

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Types of Government

Direct Democracy

Direct democracy, sometimes called "pure democracy," is a form of democracy in which the people themselves, rather than elected representatives, determine the laws and policies by which they are governed.

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Cornell Notes Summary