By the end of this session, you will be able to:

summarize questionnaire sections 28 and 29

Session 25 content

• Questionnaire review: Section 28: Blood transfusion services
• Questionnaire review: Section 29: Laboratory services

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Section 28.�Blood transfusion services

Sub-sections

• 28. Blood transfusion services
• 28.1 Service availability
• 28.2 Blood supply sufficiency and safety
• 28.3 Equipment
• 28.4 Support for quality services

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Categories of information

• 28. Blood transfusion services
• Service availability
• Blood sufficiency and safety
• Blood availability in past 3 months, blood sources, blood screening for sources other than national/regional blood centres
• Equipment (cold chain)
• Refrigerator, continuous temperature logger, thermometer
• Storage conditions (between 2-6°C inclusive, everyday for last 30 days)
• Support for quality
• Guidelines/training on appropriate use of blood and safe transfusion practices

Section 29.�Laboratory services

Sub-sections

• 29. Laboratory services
• 29.1 Service availability
• 29.2 Site conditions
• 29.3 Rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities
• 29.4 Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities
• 29.5 Support for quality laboratory services

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Categories of information

• 29. Laboratory services
• Service availability
• Diagnostic testing of specimens with rapid diagnostic tests or laboratory equipment on site or offsite
• Site conditions
• Electricity, back-up source, availability past 7 days, IPC items
• Rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities
• 17 RDT tests, handheld items for hemoglobin and glucose testing.
• Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities
• Onsite/offsite availability of 48 tests
• Equipment and commodities to conduct onsite tests

Categories of information

• 29. Laboratory services
• Support for quality services
• Accredited/certified microscopist
• Biosafety training
• System for documenting specimen movement (labelled, logged, traceable results, provision of results)
• Offsite testing with results follow-up (TB, CD4 count)
• External quality assessment (HIV serology, blood chemistry, TB sputum, CD4 testing)

Group knowledge check: Identifying items and locating questions

• Group participants in tables and tell them to nominate a note-taker and a rapporteur
• Refer participants to questionnaire section 29
• Explain that a series of photos will be shown
• Participants will identify the item and find the related question in section 29
• The rapporteur will write down the category of information, photo number, and question number
• At the end of the series of photos, the correct answers will be provided.

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1. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_15. Westergreen pipette and stand

2. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_07. Agar plates for culture

3. Rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2913_02/03. Glucometer and test strip

4. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_58. ABO grouping sera

5. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_16. Blood chemistry analyzer

6. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_04. Centrifuge

7. Rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2911_03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08. Urine dipstick multitest

8. Other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities. 2917_12. White blood cell counting chamber

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Answer key

Group knowledge check

• Group participants in teams, ideally in tables
• Questionnaires and notes cannot be consulted
• Each team nominates a note-taker to record the quiz answers
• Participants in each team will be shown each question for a few seconds, will then be given some time to discuss internally, and will record the agreed upon answer
• Note-takers with the recorded answers come to the front area
• Facilitator proceeds to display slides with answer key. After each answer is displayed, a cofacilitator reviews note-takers’ records
• Note takers with the wrong answer go back to their table
• Only the note-takers with all the answers right will be still standing at the end of the answer review
• Congratulate teams for their effort
• Clarify quiz questions as appropriate

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE for blood transfusion services? (select all that apply)

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• The questionnaire asks about availability of blood for transfusion in the past 6 months
• The questionnaire asks if all the blood transfused in the health facility is previously screened for infectious diseases
• The cold chain questions are exactly the same as in the immunization section
• We will collect data on the devices for monitoring the refrigerator temperature even if we cannot observe the refrigerator where blood is stored
• Temperature should be monitored at least once every 24 hours during the past 30 days and within 2 and 6 degrees Celsius (inclusive)

2. We will complete the laboratory services section of the questionnaire for health facilities that: (select all that apply)

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• Conduct any diagnostic testing of specimens using rapid diagnostic tests
• Conduct any diagnostic testing of specimens using laboratory equipment
• Have a functional laboratory unit
• Conduct tests on site
• Conducts tests outside for testing and receives the results back

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE for the laboratory services? (select all that apply)

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• The questionnaire asks first about rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities and second about other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities so that we don’t have to end up asking about every piece of lab equipment in small facilities.
• The site conditions the questionnaire is capturing are those related to cleanliness and safety
• The questionnaire asks about stock outs in the past 3 months for all the rapid diagnostic tests
• When asking about availability of other diagnostics, the questionnaire is differentiating between availability of the test on site or off site
• Support for quality asks about system for tracking the movement of specimens from start to end, specimens sent outside for testing with results returned for follow up, and external quality assessment mechanisms

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE for blood transfusion services? (select all that apply)

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• The questionnaire asks about availability of blood for transfusion in the past 6 months
• The questionnaire asks if all the blood transfused in the health facility is previously screened for infectious diseases
• The cold chain questions are exactly the same as in the immunization section
• We will collect data on the devices for monitoring the refrigerator temperature even if we cannot observe the refrigerator where blood is stored
• Temperature should be monitored at least once every 24 hours during the past 30 days and within 2 and 6 degrees Celsius (inclusive)

2. We will complete the laboratory services section of the questionnaire for health facilities that: (select all that apply)

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• Conduct any diagnostic testing of specimens using rapid diagnostic tests
• Conduct any diagnostic testing of specimens using laboratory equipment
• Have a functional laboratory unit
• Conduct tests on site
• Conducts tests outside for testing and receives the results back

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE for the laboratory services? (select all that apply)

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• The questionnaire asks first about rapid and handheld diagnostics, equipment and commodities and second about other laboratory diagnostics, equipment and commodities so that we don’t have to end up asking about every piece of lab equipment in small facilities.
• The site conditions the questionnaire is capturing are those related to cleanliness and safety
• The questionnaire asks about stock outs in the past 3 months for all the rapid diagnostic tests
• When asking about availability of other diagnostics, the questionnaire is differentiating between availability of the test on site or off site
• Support for quality asks about system for tracking the movement of specimens from start to end, specimens sent outside for testing with results returned for follow up, and external quality assessment mechanisms

You have now completed Session 25.

In the next session, we will look at the consumable and pharmaceutical commodities.