First Peoples to a Modern Nation

Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Early Inhabitants and �First Explorers

• Canada has two official languages – French and English.

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• The organized cultural groups of native people are called First Nations.

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• The Arctic lands were inhabited by the Inuits.

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Early Inhabitants and �First Explorers

• 1497 – John Cabot claimed for England.

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• 1534 – Jacques Cartier claimed for France.

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• The British and French fought several times in the 1600s and 1700s.

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Under British Rule

• 1754 – War broke out again.
• In the US it is known as the French and Indian War.

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• The British won and took control of Quebec.

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Under British Rule

• After the American Revolution, many Loyalists fled to Canada.

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• Due to mistrust, the British divided Quebec into English Speaking (Ontario) and French Speaking (Quebec).

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Under British Rule

• 1867 – Canada became a dominion.
• A nation in the British Empire that is self-governing.

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• British monarch remained Canada’s head of state.

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• Legislature modeled after British Parliament.

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Canada Today

• 1960s – Quebec sought to break away and become independent.
• National government passed a law requiring services be offered in French and English.

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• A vote was taken in 1995, but separation was not approved.

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Canada Today

• The Inuits also sought self-rule.
• 1999 – negotiated a deal to gain separate territory.
• Nunavut was created.

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Canada Today

• Occasionally, there are tensions between Canada and the United States.

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• Disagreements on terrorism, trade, and global warming

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• But overall, the two countries have a good relationship.

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Canada Today

• The border between the two countries is the longest unprotected border in the world.
• There are guards at the roads checking papers.

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• The economies are closely related.

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• Signed trade agreements.

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Canada Today

• 1989 – Free trade agreement

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• 1994 NAFTA

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Homework

• Read pp. 165-169

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• Answer questions #1-7

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