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M.S.E., BARIPADA- 700107�DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRESENTATION ON “ STONES

BY:- ER. SASMITA GOCHHAYAT(H.O.D CIVIL)

SEMESTER- 3RD

SUBJECT- BMCT

CHAPTER- STONE

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  • Stone → One of the oldest building material.

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  • Rock : A large concreted mass of earthy or mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mass.

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  • Stone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock for a specified function such as a building block

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  • Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:

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  • Feldspars
  • Quartz
  • Micas
  • Hornblende
  • Kaolinite
  • Calcite (CaCO3)
  • Dolomite (MgCO3)

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GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF ROCKS

  • Igneous: Formed by cooling and thus solidfying from a molten state. (Granite, Basalt)
  • Sedimentary : Formed by a process of cementation of small particles that result from the disintegration of rocks. (Limestone, sandstone)
  • Metamorphic Rocks : Formed by gradual changes in the structures of either igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)

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COMMONLY USED BUILDING STONES

  • Granite : Intrusive igneous rock
  • Intrusive:crystallized slowly within the earth
  • Granite is a strong, hard & non-porous rock
  • It is a desirable foundation & building material.

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  • Basalt : Extrusive igneous rock
  • Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface of earth
  • Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous & have fractures.

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  • Limestone : Sedimentary rock
  • It is used as a concrete aggregate
  • It is used in the production of cement & lime

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  • Marble : Metamorphosed limestone
  • Harder than limestone
  • Used for interior work or wall or column facing

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  • Slate : Metamorphosed clay
  • Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall facing.

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GRANITE

SLATE

MARBLE

BASALT

LIMESTONE

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PRODUCTION STEPS

  • Quarrying: Big chunks are cut at the side, loosened at the bottom by wedging & removed by cranes

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  • Shaping & Finishing: Taken to the factory & cut and finished to the desired shapes.

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QUARRYING

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PROPERTIES OF STONES

  • Durability : mainly abrasion
  • Strength
  • Both strength & durability are affected by the texture & mineral composition, chemical charactersitics & physical characteristics.
  • Porosity
  • Water Absorption
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion
  • Fire resistance

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