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Literature

Introduction

toLiterature

withPhilippine

Ignatius Joseph N. Estroga, MA-Eng

Liceo de Cagayan University

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What is �Literature?

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“Litera” – Latin word which literally means an

“acquaintance with letters”

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What is Literature?

Webster defines literature as anything that is printed, as long as it is related to the ideas and feelings of people, whether it is true, or just a product of one’s imagination

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What is Literature?

It is a body of work, either written, oral, or visual, containing imaginative language that realistically portrays thought, emotions, and experiences of the human condition.

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What is Literature?

is a product of particular culture that concretizes man’s array of values, emotions, actions and ideas. It is therefore a creation of human experiences that tells about people and their world.

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What is Literature?

is a product of particular culture that concretizes man’s array of values, emotions, actions and ideas. It is therefore a creation of human experiences that tells about people and their world.

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What is Literature?

“Literature raises life to a new level of meaning and understanding, and in the process restores sanity and justice in an insane and unjust world.”

– Cirilo F. Bautista

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Literature �is �LIFE

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Importance of Literature

Studying literature is like looking at the mirror of life where man’s experiences, his innermost feelings and thoughts are reflected.
Through literature, we learn the culture of people across time and space.

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Importance of Literature

We understand not only the past life of a nation but also its present.
Moreover, we become familiar not only with the culture of neighboring countries but also with that of others living very far from us.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Universality

Artistry

Intellectual Value

Permanence

Style

Spiritual Value

Suggestiveness

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LITERARY STANDARDS

UNIVERSALITY

Great literature is timeless and timely.

Forever relevant, it appeals to one and all, anytime, anywhere, because it deals with elemental feelings, fundamental truths and universal conditions.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Artistry

This is the quality that appeals to our sense of beauty.

Intellectual Value

A literary works stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths about life and human nature.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Permanence

A great work of literature endures.

It can be read again and again as each reading gives fresh delight and new insights and opens a new world of meaning and experience.

Its appeal is lasting.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Style

This is the peculiar way in which writers sees life, forms his ideas and expresses them.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Spiritual Value

Literature elevates the spirit by bringing out moral values which makes a better persons.

The capacity to inspire is part of the spiritual value of literature.

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LITERARY STANDARDS

Suggestiveness

This is associated with the emotional

power of literature.

Great literature moves us deeply and stirs our feeling and imagination, giving and evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and experience.

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Literary Approaches

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Literary Approaches

Formalistic or Literary Approach

The study of the selection is more or less based on the so-called “literary elements”.

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Literary Approaches

Moral or Humanistic Approach

Literature is viewed to discuss man and its nature.
It presents man as essentially rational; that is, endowed with intellect and free will; or that the piece does not misinterpret the true nature of man.
The approach is close to the “morality” of literature, to questions of ethical goodness or badness.

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Literary Approaches

Historical Approach

Literature is seen both as a reflection and product of the times and circumstances in which it was written.

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Literary Approaches

Sociological Approach Literature

Viewed as the expression of man within a given social situation which is reduced to discussions on economy which will underscore the conflict between the two classes- the rich and the poor.

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Literary Approaches

Cultural Approach

Literature is seen as one of the manifestations and vehicles of a nation’s or race’s culture and tradition. It includes the entire compels of what goes under “culture”

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Literary Approaches

Psychological Approach

Literature is viewed as the expression of “personality,” of “inner drives” or “neurosis”. It includes the psychology of the author, of the characters, and even the psychology of creation.

It has resulted in an almost exhausting and exhaustive “psychological analysis” of characters, of symbols and images, of recurrent themes, and others.

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Literary Approaches

Impressionistic Approach

Literature is viewed to elucidate “reacting- response” which is considered as something very personal, relative and fruitful. Unconditioned by explanations and often taking the impact of the piece as a whole, it seeks to see how the piece has communicated.

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Why do we need to study Philippine Literature?�

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Why do we need to study Philippine Literature?�

To trace our rich heritage of ideas and handed down to us from our forefathers
For appreciation of our heritage.
To Understand that we have noble traditions which can serve as the means to assimilate other cultures.

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Literature and History Together

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Literature and History

Literature and history are closely interrelated.
In discovering history of a race, a country, we basically understand their own culture and traditions, hence the written customs and traditions of a country, the dreams and aspirations of its people is called Literature.
History can also be written down and this too, is literature. History therefore is an integral part of literature.

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Literary Compositions that �Influenced the World

The Bible or the Sacred Writings – This has become the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and Greece.
Koran- The Muslim Bible originating from Arabia.
The Iliad and Odyssey – These have been the source of myths and legends of Greece. They were written by Homer.
The Mahabharata- The longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion of India.
Canterbury Tales- It depicts the religion and customs of the English in the early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin- by Harriet Beecher Stowe of the US. This depicted the sad fate of slaves; this became the basis of democracy later on.

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Literary Compositions that �Influenced the World

6. The Divine Comedy – by Dante Alighieri. This shows the religion and customs of the

7. El Cid – This shows the cultural characteristics of the Spaniards and their national history.

8. The Song of Roland – This includes Doce Pares and Ronscesvalles of France. It tells about the Golden age of Christianity in France.

9. The Book of the Dead – This includes the cult of Osiris and the mythology and theology of Egypt.

10. One Thousand and One Nights or the Arabian Nights – From Arabia and Persia (Iran) It shows the ways of government, of industries and of the society of the Arabs

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