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Emergent Literacy: �What It Is & �Why It Matters

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Oracy

The term oracy was coined by Andrew Wilkinson, a British researcher and educator, in the 1960s. This word is formed by analogy from literacy and numeracy. The purpose is to draw attention to the neglect of oral skills in education.

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Emergent Literacy

Emergent literacy involves the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing (Whitehurst & Lonigan, 1998)

  • It signals a belief that, in a literate society, young children—even one- and two-year olds—are in the process of becoming literate.

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Children who get off to a good start in early reading rarely fall behind (Reutzel and Cooter, 2008 p. 80 )

Those who have a good start continue to do well, while those who come to school without a strong background in important skills consistently have a hard time getting what they need to easily become good readers and writers (Wren, 2003).

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A love of books, of holding a book, turning its pages, looking at its pictures, and living its fascinating stories goes hand-in-hand with a love of learning." (Laura Bush, 2003)

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Emergent literacy skills are the basic building blocks for learning to read and write

Emergent literacy skills begin developing in early infancy and early childhood through participation with adults in meaningful activities involving talking and print

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The Building Blocks

  • Social/Emotional development

Cognitive Development

Language Development

Physical Development

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Cognitive Development

Children’s brains have a trait known as plasticity. (not preprogrammed)

Children are born with the cognitive ability to learn any language. LAD

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Language Development

  • Listening comprehension precedes reading comprehension.
  • A typical two-year-old has a vocabulary of 200 words but can understand almost everything that is said.
  • Between the ages of 3 and 6, children are in a verbal learning stage.
  • Children learn to read from everyday symbols such as stop signs and pictures
  • Affective filter can make or break proficiency in a second language

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Language Acquisition Models

Acquired system

Learned System

Natural Order�Input-output�Monitor Model�

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It takes children about 12 years to gain the level of proficiency in their L1 that will enable them to continue developing that language for the rest of their lives;

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It takes children (and adults) at least 2 years to gain the basic level of proficiency in a new language that will enable them to use it for ‘everyday’ communication; and if they do not hear the L2 outside the classroom, it takes much longer.

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Social /Emotional Development

  • Healthy emotional development and good social skills are critical to academic success.
  • Simple children’s stories contain a wealth of social and emotional principles woven into the storyline
  • Children who CAN READ were children who were READ TO.

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Emergent Literacy Skills

  • emergent literacy

Environmental print

Concepts about print

Oral Language

Visual perceptual skills

Alphabet knowledge

Phonological processing skills

Emergent writing

Emergent reading

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Learning to read doesn’t just happen at school.  Early literacy skills begin at home and continue to grow and develop as a child progresses through school.

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Elements essential to children’s development

- Responsive Adults

( Folk practices, pragmatics, culture)

  • Active Play

(allows them to internalize new ideas and skills, eg. risk-takers)

- Quality, Responsive, Developmentally Appropriate Materials (writing center, music center, art shop)

- Real experiences (interactive, field trips)

- Teaching in context (narrative understanding)

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How do we prepare them?

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I’M ON A TRIP

Let’s go!

I’m going on a trip and in my suitcase I will pack a…

P

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I’M ON A TRIP

Let’s go!

I’m going on a trip and in my suitcase I will pack an…

O

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TOUCH AND FEEL ME BAG

WHAT TO DO?

-bag with different real objects

HOW TO DO IT?

Students work in pairs or small groups to practice using adjectives. They are given a bag filled with a variety of objects, choose one without looking, and must describe it and then guess what the object is before pulling it out of the bag.

WHY DO IT?

To develop oral fluidity

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TOUCH AND FEEL ME BAG

Let’s try this!

Guess what’s inside.

From my bag , I can feel something __________________.

cotton

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Emergent Reader�

  • Emergent readers demonstrate alphabet knowledge, a concept of what a word is, a sense of story (beginning, middle, end), listening and retelling skills, phonemic awareness, and verbal expression.

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