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CHAPTER 2

INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

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Objectives Overview

See Page 73

for Detailed Objectives

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Discuss the evolution of the Internet

Identify and briefly describe various broadband Internet connections and state differences between broadband Internet connections and dial-up connections

Describe the types of Internet access providers

Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a domain name

Explain the purpose of a Web browser and identify the components of a Web address

Describe how to use a search engine to search for information on the Web and differentiate between a search engine and a subject directory

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Objectives Overview

See Page 73

for Detailed Objectives

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Describe the types of Web sites

Explain how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio, video, virtual reality, and plug-ins

Identify and briefly describe the steps required for Web publishing

Describe the types of e-commerce

Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message boards, and FTP work

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The Internet

  • The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

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Figure 2-1

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Evolution of the Internet

  • The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

Page 75

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Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together

Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

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Evolution of the Internet

Pages 75 - 76

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1969 ARPANET becomes functional

1984 ARPANET has more than 1,000 individual computers linked as hosts

1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET and becomes known as the Internet

1995 NSFNet terminates its network on the Internet and resumes status as research network

1996 Internet2 is founded

Today More than 550 million hosts connect to the Internet

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Evolution of the Internet

  • Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network
    • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards
  • Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network

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Evolution of the Internet

  • Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service

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Cable Internet service

DSL

Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)

Fixed wireless

Cellular Radio Network

Wi-Fi

Satellite Internet Service

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Evolution of the Internet

  • An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

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Figure 2-2

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Evolution of the Internet

Page 78

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ISP (Internet service provider)

Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area

National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide

Online service provider (OSP)

Has many members-only features

Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network)

Wireless Internet service provider

Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices

May require a wireless modem

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Evolution of the Internet

  • An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
  • A domain name is the text version of an IP address
  • A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

Pages 79 – 80

Figure 2-4

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Evolution of the Internet

Page 80

Figure 2-5

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The World Wide Web

  • The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
  • A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items
  • A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer

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The World Wide Web

  • A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

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Internet Explorer

Firefox

Opera

Safari

Google Chrome

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The World Wide Web

  • A home page is the first page that a Web site displays
  • Web pages provide links to other related Web pages
    • Surfing the Web
  • Downloading is the process of receiving information

Pages 82 - 83

Figure 2-7

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  • Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers

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The World Wide Web

  • A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address

Pages 82 – 83

Figure 2-8

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The World Wide Web

  • Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window

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Figure 2-9

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The World Wide Web

  • Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories

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Search engine

Finds information related to a specific topic

Subject directory

Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

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The World Wide Web

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Figure 2-10

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The World Wide Web

  • A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:

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Images

Videos

Audio

Publications

Maps

People or Businesses

Blogs

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The World Wide Web

  • Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text

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Figure 2-12

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The World Wide Web

  • Search operators can help to refine your search

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Figure 2-13

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The World Wide Web

  • There are thirteen types of Web sites

Pages 88 – 91

Figure 2-15

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Portal

News

Informational

Business/Marketing

Blog

Wiki

Online Social Network

Educational

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The World Wide Web

Pages 91 – 92

Figure 2-15

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Entertainment

Advocacy

Web Application

Content Aggregator

Personal

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The World Wide Web

  • Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy
  • No one oversees the content of Web pages

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Figure 2-16

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The World Wide Web

  • Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:

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Graphics

Animation

Audio

Video

Virtual Reality

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The World Wide Web

  • A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information
  • Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF

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Figure 2-17

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The World Wide Web

  • A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic

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Figure 2-19

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The World Wide Web

  • Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

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The World Wide Web

  • Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
    • Compressed to reduce file size
  • You listen to audio on your computer using a player
  • Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow

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The World Wide Web

  • Video consists of images displayed in motion

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Figure 2-22

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The World Wide Web

  • Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

Pages 96 – 97

Figure 2-23

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The World Wide Web

  • A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser

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Figure 2-24

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The World Wide Web

  • Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages

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Plan a Web site

Analyze and design a Web site

Create a Web site

Deploy a Web site

Maintain a Web site

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E-Commerce

  • E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network
    • M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices

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E-Commerce

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E-commerce

Business-to-consumer (B2C)

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

Business-to-business (B2B)

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Other Internet Services

  • E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network
  • An e-mail program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages

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Figure 2-26

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Other Internet Services

  • Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service

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Figure 2-29

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Other Internet Services

  • A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
  • A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other

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Figure 2-30

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Other Internet Services

  • VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet
    • Also called Internet telephony

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Figure 2-31

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Other Internet Services

  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet
  • Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
  • An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP

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Summary

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History and structure of the Internet

World Wide Web

Browsing, navigating, searching, Web publishing, and �e-commerce

Other Internet services: e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message boards, and FTP

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THANK YOU

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