American Revolution - Review

French and Indian War

• The French and Indian War was a war between Britain and the Indians.
• Cause: The colonists kept pushing the Indians west.
• Effect: The British made the Proclamation of 1763.

Join or Die

Ben Franklin published this cartoon in 1754 urging colonies �to unite for defense

The Proclamation of 1763

• To help restore peace, George III issued Proclamation of 1763
• King George III declared that Appalachian Mountains were the western boundary for all colonies
• To separate the colonists from the Indians
• To prevent future wars and expense
• The proclamation acknowledged that Native Americans owned the lands

Someone must pay!

• Britain placed additional taxes on the colonists to pay for defending the 13 colonies…this created more tension.

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Patriots

• American colonists who believed that the colonists had the right to govern themselves.

Loyalists

American colonists who were loyal to the British government

Sugar Act (1764)

• First British law to raise war debt money from colonists
• All sugar and molasses coming into the colonies would be taxed
• Large Taxes on sugar from French and Spanish West Indies
• Forcing colonists to buy British sugar instead
• Why?
• Pay for British troops used during the French and Indian War

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The Stamp Act - 1765

• Printed items required to have a stamp saying tax had been paid
• Marked the first time the British had taxed the colonists directly
• Items taxed:
• Newspapers
• Pamphlets
• Licenses
• Legal Documents
• Playing Cards

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“No Taxation without Representation”

• Colonist felt they should not be taxed because they did not elect anyone to English Parliament
• Sons of Liberty was formed by Samuel Adams
• Original purpose: to protest the Stamp Act

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Sons of Liberty

• The Sons of Liberty organized a Boycott (refusal to buy British products).
• Boycotts were peaceful, everybody could support.
• Women (Daughters of Liberty) used home spun cloth, made tea from pine needles, and bought only American made products
• They sometimes used intimidation and physical violence to achieve their goals
• Americans Win – England repealed the Stamp Act.

The Boston Massacre - 1770

• March 5^th, 1770 - The Boston Massacre
• Argument between soldiers guarding ships and custom house
• Mob violence breaks out and Patriots started throwing rocks and snowballs at British troops.
• The soldiers became nervous and started shooting.
• Result: 5 Colonists killed

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The Boston Tea Party

• The Boston Tea Party was a protest organized by the colonists against the British.
• Cause: The colonists were upset by the Tea Act.

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The Intolerable Acts - 1774

• After the Boston Tea Party - The Intolerable Acts were passed to keep the colonists under control.
• First - they closed down the port of Boston until the colonists paid for all the tea they threw into Boston Harbor.
• Second, they made it illegal to have any meetings without the governor’s permission.

The Quartering Act

• Britain sent more soldiers to Boston to enforce laws
• They made the colonists house and feed British troops.

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• The battles of Concord and Lexington were fought in Massachusetts in April, 1775.
• The Redcoats , led by General Thomas Gage, ordered the soldiers to Concord to destroy colonists’ weapons supply.
• Minutemen at Lexington tried to stop them – 8 were killed.

• By the time the British got to Concord, they realized most of the weapons and gun powder were gone because the minutemen had been warned by Paul Revere.
• The British continued to Concord and were forced to retreat back to Boston by the Minutemen.
• On their way back, the American militia attacked the British from cover and killed 73 British.
• Lexington and Concord started the American Revolution and was known as “the shot heard around the world”

Continental Army

• The 2nd Continental Congress established a Continental Army that was commanded by George Washington
• This organized the militia into an official army

Declaration of Independence

• Thomas Jefferson was given the task of composing the Declaration of Independence.
• The Declaration of Independence was a piece of writing that used step-by-step logic to explain why the colonists wanted to break away from British rule.

Purpose

• To show why the colonies were revolting against Britain and Declaring their Independence

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Independence – July 4, 1776

• Thomas Jefferson believe the government is responsible for protecting people’s rights.
• Many colonists/early Americans did not believe our government was going to be successful.

Cornwallis Hides

• A siege soon develops.
• Cornwallis is confident that the British Navy will be coming soon to save him…. They wont

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Importance of Yorktown

• Yorktown is considered the last major battle of the American Revolution.
• There was some small fighting after this but this defeat in Virginia caused the British government to begin negotiating for peace.
• The American Revolution was won at Yorktown!

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Treaty of Paris - 1783

1. Britain recognized America’s independence
2. Set U.S.-Canada border – U.S. reached Mississippi River
3. American fishermen allowed to fish in Canadian waters
4. British to leave frontier forts (broken)
5. U.S. to return property to Loyalists (broken)
6. British to return escaped slaves in Canada (broken)

The Treaty of Paris, 1783

• THE WAR ENDS WITH THESE CONDITIONS
• “free, sovereign and independent states”
• British must remove all troops from forts
• Boundary for United States is the Mississippi
• Loyalist would have rights and property protected
• captured slaves must be returned to owners