How to start for UPSC Mains 2024?

Step 1: Understanding the Question

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• Thinking

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• Understand demand of the question

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• Parts & Subparts of the Question (you need to identify)

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• Most Crucial Task

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Question:

• What are anticyclones? How is the formation of an anticyclone over the Indian subcontinent responsible for heat waves in India? What specific measures can be taken to mitigate the risks due to heat waves?

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Identify Sub Parts:

1. Anticyclones
2. Connection between formation of an anticyclone and heat waves (There might be other reasons but how anticyclone)
3. Specific measures to mitigate

What is Anticyclone?

• An anticyclone is a weather phenomenon defined as a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Characteristics of anticyclone:

1. A large area of widely spaced isobars, where pressure is higher than surrounding areas (above 1000 mb)

2. The absence of fronts and clouds

3. No rainfall due to the lack of clouds

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Link between Anticyclone and Heat:

1. Can lead to prolonged periods of hot and dry weather:
1. Anticyclones are areas of high pressure in the atmosphere characterized by descending air, which stop the cloud formation and precipitation.
2. This stable air mass tends to promote clear skies and can lead to prolonged periods of hot and dry weather.

2. Global Warming and climate change acting as amplifier:

• Studies suggest that global warming can intensify anticyclones, making them stronger and more persistent.
• Warmer temperatures due to climate change can enhance the evaporation of moisture from land and water surfaces, further reinforcing the stability of anticyclonic conditions.

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3. Creation of Feedback Loop:

• Anticyclones can create a feedback loop with global warming. As anticyclones persist, they can exacerbate heat waves by trapping heat near the surface, preventing it from escaping into the upper atmosphere.
• This trapped heat can then further strengthen the anticyclone, leading to a self-reinforcing cycle of heat and stability.

4. Creation of Heat domes:

• A heat dome is an area of high pressure that parks over a region like a lid on a pot, trapping heat.
• Formation of anticyclone over India has led to creations of heat domes.

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What Should be Mitigating Strategies?

1. Urban Greening
2. Infrastructure
3. Encouraging cleaner cooking fuels
4. Improving public transportation and reducing personal vehicle usage
5. Waste Management
6. Policies and Guidelines
7. Building Design
8. Passive cooling techniques such as natural ventilation
9. High-albedo roofs and pavements in the buildings.
10. Renewable Energy
11. Public Awareness
12. Agricultural Adaptation
13. Crop diversification, Agroforestry, mulching, crop rotation, and cover cropping, drip irrigation and sprinkler systems can be helpful.

What are Government Initiative Regarding Heat Waves?�

1. National action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)
2. India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP)
3. NDMA Guidelines: In 2016, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) issued comprehensive guidelines to prepare national level key strategies for mitigating the impact of heatwaves.
4. Special heatwave units to be started in the central government hospitals. (June 2024)

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Step 2: Time Management

• 7 Minutes for 150 words in a 10 marks
• 10.5 Minutes for 250 words in a 15 marks
• 5 minutes for revision
• Note: This is a problem if you haven’t practiced properly

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If you haven’t practiced & have no proper content your answer would lack

• Content

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• May have haphazard arrangements of point & (Unstructured)

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• Some points may not be in correct order

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• Conclusion may be not appropriate
• Question: The UNO doesn’t enjoy the confidence as it was enjoying in the 1950s and 1960s putting post world war order in danger. Highlighting the reasons behind crisis that precipitated its decline, what way forward you would suggest for restoring confidence in the UNO? (15/250)

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What is expected?

What to do then?

1. Structured content
2. Structured notes
3. Practice: 80% in UPSC GS is about practice
1. Conditioning your mind according to demand of UPSC
2. 10.5 minutes mein — yeh question ka structure mind mein ready ho jana chahiye + Answer should be on answer sheet.

Makes your answer structured

4. Developing structured thinking and notes

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How?

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Do PYQs

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4 benefits it provides

a) Navigation through syllabus

b) Understand the

Demands of UPSC

c) Themes Understanding

d) Organization of Notes

Key words in

Economy syllabus

Repetition

Upstream

requirements

Food processing & related industries in India

Scope, Significance, Location, Upstream & downstream requirement supply chain management

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Question for practice

• MSMEs are considered as backbone of India’s manufacturing sector. Highlighting the classification criteria for MSMEs, show what issues are being faced by Indian MSMEs? What steps government of India have taken to make MSMEs sector more resilient? What more steps are needed? (15/250)

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Significance of MSMEs for Indian economy

1. Contribution to GDP and exports.
• In 2021-22, MSMEs contributed around 28 percent of GVA.
• In export, contributed around 44 percent.
• Contribution of manufacturing MSMEs GVA was around 38% of India’s total manufacturing GVA.
2. Employment creation
• Largest employer outside agriculture .
• Employ over more than 11 crore people.
3. Promoting development of rural areas
• >50% of MSMEs are located in rural areas.
• Helping Industrialization of rural areas
• Have low capital and technology requirement, which allows them to fuel rural Industrialization at a low capital cost.

4. Giving impetus to make in India mission

• MSMEs are acquiring Centre stage to realize this mission.

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5. Promoting innovation

• Support local resource mobilization.
• Promote aspiring entrepreneurs to make innovation.
• Helping in industrialization of rural areas.
• Connecting rural areas with large corporation.
• Capacity building in rural areas.

6. Balancing regional development

• Helping creation of an inclusive and sustainable society.
• Promoting the goal of financial inclusion.

7. Social inclusion

• According to the Annual Report of The Ministry of MSMEs (2021-22), the socially backward groups owned almost 66.27% of MSMEs. In rural areas, almost 73.67% of MSMEs were owned by socially backward groups.

Context

• Classification criteria
• Issues
• Steps by GOI
• Steps by Us GOI

Let me show you few questions from repeated themes:

1. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of & access to freshwater resources:? (2023)
2. Examine the potential of wind energy in India & explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread (2022)
3. Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its GDP in %. Discuss (2021)
4. How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India? (2020)

For any resource specific questions we need to focus on key words:

1. Potential
2. Availability
3. Accessibility
4. Concerns

Advantages

1. Proper organization of notes
2. Mental conditioning
3. Structured format in mind
4. Writing a/c to demand of UPSC

Know about your educator

UPSC Roll No 5803989

Appeared in UPSC interview Twice

Amir Raza, MTECH, Cleared UPSC Prelims Thrice,

Appeared in UPPCS Interview

https://t.me/UPSCwithDeepakPrakash

https://youtube.com/@CivilsPhodo?si=iO635KxklO8xL_p2