教育人力資源管理�總整理�第二週2023/0104
助理教授:徐吉春
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
上週課程引子�為什麼要修�教育人力資源管理
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
第一週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
分組教學進度討論成績評量資料搜尋第一週
週次 | 主題內容/章節/或活動 | 備註 |
1 | 09/14 一、『自我介紹』與認識彼此� 學校網頁 https://cjjh.tc.edu.tw/� 臉書https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100000866156000� 二、進行分組(A:2-3小組分組; B:全班兩組大組分組)� 三、課程進度與內容� 四、參考書目、上課討論與成績評量機制� 五、參考資料搜尋處 https://cjjh.tc.edu.tw/p/412-1095-1294.php 課程計畫說明;課程介紹 何謂教育人力資源管理 |
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2 | 09/21 教育人力資源管理歷史演變與基本概念 |
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3 | 09/28 教育人力資源管理法規與制度 |
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4 | 10/05 教育人力特質分析:知識工作者、人格導引者(韓愈師說與其他) |
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5 | 10/12 職前的教育人力培育一:計畫制、儲備制、公費制 |
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6 | 10/19 職前的教育人力培育二:教學專業的培育方式、師資培育課程、專 業發展 |
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7 | 10/26 職前的教育人力培育三:教學實習、教師資格檢定、 |
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8 | 11/02 職前的教育人力培育四:教甄之總論與一分鐘自我介紹 |
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9 | 11/09 期中考 |
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10 | 11/16 職前的教育人力培育五:教甄之筆試、口試、試教 |
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11 | 11/23 職前的教育人力培育六:教甄之後-上榜、落榜-上榜之縣市、學校 選擇及落榜之心理與實際安置 |
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12 | 11/30 派任與初任教師的輔導與評鑑:導師、兼任與兼行政 |
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13 | 12/07 教育人力專業發展:專業進修成長、遷調制度、換發證照制度 |
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14 | 12/14 教育人力績效考核:教師評鑑、考核方式、績效獎金、進修制度 (分級)、不適任教師處理 |
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15 | 12/21 教育人力情緒:工作設計、壓力、韌性、滿意度、薪酬 |
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16 | 12/28 教育人力升遷:教師王、組長、主任、校長 |
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17 | 01/04 教育人力資源管理的分析與回顧 |
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18 | 01/11期末考 |
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第一週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
臺灣師範教育之發展—以臺灣中部為例
荷西時期
第二週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
臺灣師範教育之發展—以臺灣中部為例
明鄭時期
1644年開山海關,1662年鄭成功
第二週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
清領時期
康熙皇帝受意施琅1683年取下臺灣
光緒年間儒考棚
南臺中犁頭店文昌公廟
北臺中四張犁文昌廟
臺灣師範教育之發展—以臺灣中部為例
第二週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
臺灣師範教育之發展—以臺灣中部為例
日治時期
學前教育:幼稚園
初等教育
小學校-
1899年明治小學校(大同國小)、
1919年新富小學校(光復國小),
公學校-
1896年村上公學校(忠孝國小),
1941年改為國民學校。
中等教育
中學校-男生-1898;
高等女學校-1904;
1913臺中州立臺中第一中學(臺中一中)、
1919年臺中州立臺中第一高等女學校(臺中女中);
1936年臺中州私立臺中商業專修學校(新民高中)。
第二週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
臺灣師範教育之發展—以臺灣中部為例
光復後
1949到1968年動員戡亂時期
1946年臺中市立初級中學
(臺中市立中學—臺中市立第一中學—臺中市立居仁國民中學)
1968到19869年國教發展時期
1986到1998廢除戒嚴,改革開放時期
108(2019)課綱
12年國教
第二週
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
國民教育法
國民政府遷台以後
1944年公布之「國民學校法」,規定六足歲至12足歲之學齡兒童應受六年國民基本教育,
1968年「倉促」推動「九年國民教育實施條例」,實施義務、免費、免試的九年國民教育。
1979年制定「國民教育法」,
1982年修正公布「國民教育法」及「強迫入學條例」。
今臺灣教育將朝向12年國民教育邁進。
第三週
法規與制度
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
師範教育
1979年(民國68年)公布師範教育法,明定國民小學師資由政府設立的九所師範專科學校培育,中等學校師資則由師範大學、師範學院及其他公立大學教育院、系培育。
1987年(民國76年)師專改為師範學院,提升國小師資素質至大學程度,將高雄師範學院及臺灣教育學院改制為高雄師範大學及彰化師範大學。
1994年(民國83年)公布師資培育法,開啟師資培育多元化政策;原本公費培育制度改變為與自費為原則,並開放各大學設置教育學程培育師資,中小學師資由計畫培育制度走向多元開放的儲備制度。
第三週
法規與制度
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
師範教育
戰前
1899年:設立臺中師範學校(第一代)。
1902年:臺中師範學校(第一代)廢止。
1923年:設立臺中師範學校(第二代)。
1943年:升格為專門學校。
以臺中教育大學為例
第三週
法規與制度
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
師範教育
戰後
1945年:由中華民國政府接收,改名為「臺灣省立臺中師範學校」。
1960年:升格為三年制「臺灣省立臺中師範專科學校」。
1963年:改制為五年制專科學校。
1987年:升格為「臺灣省立臺中師範學院」。
1991年:改隸教育部,改名為「國立臺中師範學院」。
2005年:改名為國立臺中教育大學。
以臺中教育大學為例
第三週
法規與制度
教育人力資源管理�理論概念�第四週2022/0921&2028-
助理教授:徐吉春
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
Human Resources Management� in Basic Education Schools
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
第四週
3. RESULT� HR is a source of human-derived strength that organizations can empower. Human resources are human resources and are strength. In order to become a power, the quality and competence of human resources must be improved. �Humans as social beings always live in organizations. Humans are the most important element in all organizations. The success of an organization in achieving its goals and facing various challenges is very much determined by its ability to manage its human resources appropriately.� HRM is a concept and technique needed to deal with aspects of personnel, such as selection, training, rewarding and assessment. The following describes the research results from the literature study on HRM in elementary schools, which include: (1) job analysis; (2) employee selection; (3) orientation and placement; (4) training; (5) mutation; (6) promotion; and (7) compensation.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.1. Job Analysis� Job analysis is an activity that serves to assist the implementation of management in employee recruitment in an effort to provide for employee needs.� Mangkunegara [7] argues that job analysis is based on the type of work, the nature of the job, the estimated workload, the estimated capacity of employees, the levels and number of positions available, and the tools required in its implementation. The process of gathering information for each position, studying various information related to work operationally and its responsibilities, and compiling information regarding specific tasks, types of work, and responsibilities are activities carried out in job analysis.� Job analysis as a guideline for recruitment and placement, determining the number of employees, and the basis for activities in HRM [1]. Job analysis as a guideline for determining the conditions required for hiring and placing employees. � The accuracy of the recruitment and placement of employees is influenced by the requirements of the employees. Determination of the number of employees can be identified with job descriptions and development and establishment of standard positions. Job analysis is a guideline for other HRM activities, namely transfer, promotion, training, compensation, and equipment requirements.� Job analysis is assumed to be able to know the conditions of the position in detail.�Information obtained from job analysis is: (1) name of position, work location and average wage; (2) work relations and positions in the organization; (3) duties, authorities and responsibilities assigned to the office holders; (4) equipment and materials used; (5) work environment conditions and work risks; and (6) physical, mental, knowledge and educational requirements.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.2. Employee Selection� Employee selection is a process to find candidates or employee candidates to meet the organization’s HR needs. A good selection process will determine the organization to get a workforce that has a competitive advantage [8]. HR training and development activities also have an important role, but organizations will experience difficulties when obtaining human resources that are poorly qualified or unsuitable due to poor selection processes. The lack of skills possessed by human resources can be anticipated with a training program, but there are consequences that must be borne by the organization, namely an increase in the allocation of funding to develop these poorly qualified human resources. If not allocated, customer satisfaction to the organization can decrease.� A good HR selection procedure is expected to get employees who can be a source of benefit from the competition it has. Meanwhile training and development are also critical in nature, they are used to fulfill employee requirements. �The skills possessed by employees can be improved with training, additional budget expenditures are needed to catch up with the organization’s lags in the implementation of training.� Complex organizations are very selective with their staffing decisions. The selection process includes defining requirements, attracting candidates, and selecting candidates [9]. Descriptions of requirements include preparation of job descriptions and specifications, defining terminology, and employee conditions. Attracting candidates includes reviewing and evaluating the applicant’s alternative resources, the organization’s internal and external capabilities, publication selection, and using a consulting service bureau. Selection of candidates includes selecting applicants, interviewing, testing, predicting candidate competencies, offering jobs, and preparing employee contracts.� Employee selection is a process of finding the right employee from the many existing candidates or candidates. The initial step that needs to be done after receiving the application file is to see the curriculum vitae of the applicant. Then from the applicant’s curriculum vittae, sorting is done between the applicants who will be called and those who fail to meet the standards of a job.� Then next is to call the selected candidates for a written test, job interview, and other selection processes.� Teacher selection pays attention to academic competence and field skills, communication skills, and pedagogical abilities [10]. � Selection criteria emphasize personal factors. In identifying and determining selection criteria, the principal needs to form a selection team which includes the Head of the Education Office and a representative of the school principal. � The selection process to become an employee revolves around the level of competence being tested. The domain of teacher skills includes basic skills, general education, professional education, and specialization in the scope of the field of study.� The principal and the selection team compile insights into staffing job descriptions. The job description includes a view of the needs of the job, the field of work, information about the community and school background, a general description of the job position offered and its responsibilities, the required teacher’s relationship to the school system, the benefits of the position offered, the qualifications required, and special matters in employment such as work contracts, salaries, and holidays.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.3. Orientation and Placement�After the selection criteria are determined, the selection team determines the placement procedure for candidates who meet the criteria and programs orientation activities. �The purpose of orientation is to help new employees make good adjustments to the workplace. Based on this, schools need to hold orientation activities even though they are only cursory, because with this orientation the teacher just knows the conditions of the school so that they are expected to adapt to the school environment. Orientation allows teachers and new staff to be familiar with the school environment and gain a sense of belonging which is the seed of commitment to school.�The main goals of workplace orientation are to: (1) make new employees feel welcome and comfortable; (2) creating a positive perception of the organization; (3) communicate basic organizational procedures to new employees; (4) forms the basis for ongoing training; (5) confirm the employee’s decision to join the organization; and (6) initiating the process of integrating new employees into the organizational workforce [11]. The procedure that can be used to determine employee placement is by means of a placement test and personal interviews. �Placement examinations aim to screen and determine who should be invited to interview. Information that needs to be submitted and analyzed in relation to placement includes age, gender and family status. After the prospective teacher is accepted, the next process is placed and orientation. Placement is carried out after the analysis program in preparation for placement, so that prospective teachers can be assisted for orientation in the school environment. Aspects that need to be introduced are the characteristics of the community, the school system, their position in the learning process, and other employees related to their field of work.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.4. Training� Workers who work for organizations or companies must master the work that is their job and responsibility. For this reason, a provision is needed so that the existing workforce can be more masterful and skilled in their respective fields and improve existing performance. Training is the process of helping workers to gain effectiveness in their current or future jobs through developing habits of proper thoughts, actions, skills, knowledge and attitudes. That way the process of developing and evaluating employees is very important, starting from employees at low and high levels. Training is a part of education that is specific, practical, and immediate [3]. � Specific training related to the field of work being carried out. Training is intended to improve mastery of various job skills in a relatively short time. Training seeks to prepare employees to do the work at hand so that they can continuously develop their performance for the better. Human resource development is a long-term educational process with reference to systematic and well-organized procedures where human resources are given training on conceptual knowledge and general organizational goals [12]. HR development is a long-term systematic educational process and organizes procedures in which the personal managerial of each employee learns conceptual and theoretical knowledge for general organizational goals.� Training methods that can be implemented by schools to improve the quality of teachers and employees are: (1) the on the job training method, where teachers and new employees learn their jobs by observing teachers and other employees who are doing work. teachers and senior staff provide knowledge from their experiences; (2) the vestibule method, a separate room provided for training places for new teachers and staff, carried out with a large number of participants, and supervised by an instructor; and (3) the classroom method, which is a method of training carried out in the classroom, namely with the format of lectures, conferences, case studies, role playing and programmed teaching.� The place where teachers can develop their competence is the teacher forum. The teacher forum is an appropriate forum for implementing teacher training. Teacher forums allow teachers to have deliberations to solve problems faced by teachers both in handling students and in learning activities so that programs arranged according to the curriculum can be implemented properly [13].� The functions of the teacher forum are: (1) improving the quality of teacher professional competence in planning, implementing, and testing or evaluating classroom learning, so as to be able to strive for improvement and equity in the quality of education in schools [14]; and (2) undertaking workshops, symposia and the like on the basis of innovative classroom management and effective learning management, such as active, creative, effective, and fun learning; results of classroom action research; and the results of comparative studies or various studies of information from various sources. The teacher forum seeks to provide assistance to teachers, especially regarding learning materials, methodologies, evaluation systems, and supporting facilities. The implementation of teacher forum activities requires collaboration between subject teachers and teachers of different subjects so that it can increase teacher experience and motivation in implementing teacher forums. � Cooperation across disciplines of subjects is expected to increase the knowledge and quality of teachers which can be used as provisions for carrying out the learning process. Teacher forum activities are an integral part of the duties and profession of teachers in an effort to improve their abilities and skills to support learning activities.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.5. Mutation� The process of moving employees from one job to another which is considered to be of the same level is a transfer activity. Mutation activities are carried out to implement the principle of placing employees in the right place [1]. Mutations are based on several reasons, namely workability, sense of responsibility, and pleasure. It is expected that with the transfer of employees to carry out work effectively, efficiently, and can improve their performance. However, it must be noted, employees can have the wrong perception that the transfer is a punishment. This can result in decreased effectiveness, efficiency and employee performance. Mutations can be sourced from management and employees themselves. � HRM is a central source in decision making and determining all policies related to employment issues. The idea of mutation originates from the desire of an employee by submitting his wish to be transferred to a work place within the organization. The appointment, placement, and distribution of educators and education personnel are regulated by the institution that appoints them based on the needs of the formal education unit. � The distribution of teaching staff is carried out as an effort to equalize and quality of teaching staff. Movements apart from paying attention to individual teacher interests must also pay attention to other factors such as the ability of the institution to be targeted, the distribution of teachers, and the need for teachers. Taking into account these factors, it is hoped that there will be no gaps in the number of teachers between one school and another. Certain schools have excessive teachers while other schools have a shortage of teachers, so an effective transfer is expected to solve this problem.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.6. Promotion� Motivation that can encourage someone to actively participate and improve their quality in an organization is an opportunity to advance. Promotion is a move from one position to another that has a higher status and responsibility [3]. Promotion is carried out starting from the interests of the organization. Teachers who excel can be promoted to become school principals or supervisors. Promotion based on seniority is calculated from the length of service.� Organizations take this method with the following considerations: (1) to reward someone’s services, at least in terms of loyalty to the organization; (2) ordinary assessment is objective by comparing years of service; and (3) encouraging organizations to develop employees to be promoted [15]. Promotion is an award for employees who have good achievements and based on the results of their performance evaluation. Promotion must also be seen as a new, bigger responsibility for employees who have the opportunity to get a promotion. A fair promotion system will improve staff performance and ultimately improve school organizational performance. � Therefore, school organizations must have an employee performance appraisal instrument so that later when there is a promotion, it can be carried out fairly and can be accounted for. A teacher who can be promoted must pay attention to various factors, namely experience, level of education, loyalty, honesty, responsibility, communication skills, work performance, and level of creativity. Based on this, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation so that it can be seen who can be promoted. � The evaluation uses guidelines and is carried out systematically, comprehensively and objectively. The conditions that must be met in order to be promoted must also be clear, schools and agencies provide equal opportunities and support activities to fulfill these requirements. Candidates who will be promoted are also carefully prepared, abilities, talents and interests are important priorities to pay attention to.
第四週
3. RESULT�3.7. Compensation� Compensation is the reward for regular employee work contributions from the organization.�Compensation is a form of appreciation to HR from organizations who have done organizational work through incentives and benefits [16]. The organization must be able to develop and improve the HR salary system. Incentive programs, such as giving awards to high-achieving and high-productivity human resources, are currently the commonly used compensation system. � The problem commonly experienced by organizations related to providing compensation to HR is an increase in allowance costs. Compensation is a ransom reward for people who do work for the organization with pay, incentives and benefits. � Employers must develop their basic and net wages and salary systems. Also, incentive programs such as gainsharing (greater share with productive employees) and rewards are used to increase productivity. Immediately increase productivity to achieve goals, especially health services to employees, which are expected to be implemented so that it becomes the main news for the organization. This is important for schools to pay attention to to improve teacher productivity and quality in learning.�Appropriate compensation is very important and adapted to the existing labor market conditions in the external environment. � Compensation that is not in accordance with the existing conditions can cause employment problems in the future or can cause harm to the organization. Protection also needs to be given to workers so that they can carry out their work calmly so that the worker’s performance and contribution can be maximized from time to time. The organizational reward system deals with organizational strategy and policies. The purpose of giving awards to HR is to provide a sense of justice, equality, and consistency in accordance with the contribution of HR to the organization [9].� Compensation has a positive relationship with the process of achieving organizational goals. Rewards from management are related to the formulation and implementation of strategies and policies, meaning that people who are rewarded better, are more appropriate, and employees are consistent with the values of the organization and help the organization achieve strategic goals. � Compensation as a form of payment or compensation given to employees from performing their work. Schools need to pay attention to compensation as a reward to teachers and employees who are actively involved in achieving school goals.� Compensation for teachers can be in the form of allowances, incentives, and bonuses from schools based on applicable regulations. The principal pays attention to the welfare of teachers in order to minimize the imbalance of economic factors among teachers. Fulfilling the needs of teachers is expected to be consistent and active with the main task of carrying out learning activities with students. � So that the case of teachers who leave their main duties as educators because they work in other fields can be resolved.�
第四週
4. DISCUSSION-01� A broad view of the HRM concept has given practical meaning. Based on this point of view, the relationship between HRM activities and contributions and the success of the organization in achieving its goals. This awareness can increase the effectiveness of the organization where every resource is involved in achieving the desired results.� The main trends and crises affecting HRM are: (1) costs associated with HR factors; (2) productivity crisis; (3) the complexity of the changes; and (4) personnel problems that occur in the workplace [17]. School as an organization realizes the importance of HR management.� The source of financial finance is not considered the only important asset of the school but is expected to have the right human resources and be able to manage the school organization effectively. HRM in schools is designed to manage and develop teacher abilities, so that they can carry out learning activities effectively [18]. Productivity is influenced by the effectiveness of HRM. This is due to the level of utilization of the HR aspects of the school. The more effectively teachers as the spearhead of school human resources are utilized, it can be predicted that they will make a greater contribution to the achievement of school productivity. Professional teachers in shaping student competencies according to their individual characteristics. Improving the quality of education is inseparable from improving the quality of teachers in learning. Schools can organize various trainings such as training for learning modules, making teaching aids, developing syllabus, and making standard materials [19].� Changes that have occurred as a result of global pressure and influence have encouraged schools to continue to strive to improve teacher quality. Schools place a top priority for quality improvement through an effective and sustainable HRM process. Teachers are expected to be able to make an effective and significant contribution to the continuity of the school in a changing situation. � There are problems related to teachers encouraging schools to implement MSDM in order to minimize and overcome problems. Some of the problems that are often experienced by teachers such as being bored in learning activities, unable to operate or use tools as a result of technological sophistication in learning, and the absence of efforts to improve their abilities such as participating in training [20]. These problems must be resolved through the HRM program in order to increase teacher participation and ability to achieve school education goals
第四週
4. DISCUSSION-02� Training activities on the use of learning media with the Microsoft Power Point program, Macromedia Flash Player, SwishMax, and the use of the internet are activities that can be carried out by schools to improve the quality of teachers’ abilities in learning. � Educational personnel are all people involved in educational tasks, namely teachers as the main role holders, managers / administrators, supervisors, and employees. Education personnel need to be nurtured to work better with the community. There are a number of symptoms that require personnel development.� These symptoms are: (1) personnel are too obedient to their superiors for various reasons, subordinates feel obliged to fulfill the superiors’ wishes without considering whether it is appropriate or inappropriate to do; (2) education personnel work too mechanistic, routine, like machines, their actions are always based on rules and / or orders from superiors; (3) dissatisfied with a good design of how to serve or meet the needs of students; (4) there is a change in the context and content of the role of the students, this change makes education personnel confused, feel insecure, or some even feel competed with; (5) regret increases in relation to communication problems, data users do not try to solve these problems, they can only complain and regret the bad situation; (6) the inability of managers / managers to leave authoritarianism with a hierarchical leadership model, so that personnel relationships, especially between superiors and subordinates, become rigid; (7) erroneous and sluggish decision making, which can make personnel confused, have difficulty in working, internal anger, and so on; (8) regulations, norms and standards no longer function properly, because they are out of date; and (9) high conflict or conflict between groups and / or within the group itself. having difficulty at work, hidden anger, and so on; (8) regulations, norms and standards no longer function properly, because they are out of date; and (9) high conflict or conflict between groups and / or within the group itself. having difficulty at work, hidden anger, and so on; (8) regulations, norms and standards no longer function properly, because they are out of date; and (9) high conflict or conflict between groups and / or within the group itself. From the nine symptoms, it appears that it is not only the personnel who need to be nurtured or developed but also the institutions. � The goal of development both through personnel and through the organization is to improve organizational performance by creating a positive human resource climate.
第四週
4. DISCUSSION-03� Organizational development also seeks to improve their respective competencies. In order for the education personnel development process to run smoothly and continuously, effective leadership is needed [21], [22]. It is a leadership that respects the efforts of subordinates, who treats them according to the talents, abilities and interests of each individual, which provides encouragement and directs themselves towards achieving the goals of educational institutions.� Leaders who are high in both dimensions of leadership are effective leaders. The two dimensions of leadership are task-oriented leadership and human relations-oriented leadership. Task-oriented leadership is a leader who only emphasizes the completion of tasks to his subordinates regardless of the development of talents, competencies, motivation, interests, communication, and the welfare of subordinates.� Conversely, leadership that is oriented to human relations only emphasizes the development of their personnel, their satisfaction, motivation, cooperation, relationships, and their welfare. Therefore, good leadership is leadership that integrates task orientation with human relationship orientation [23]. Only in this way will leadership be effective, that is, it is able to achieve organizational goals on time. Because this effective leadership can carry out management functions well, including carrying out planning well too. Effective leadership always takes advantage of cooperation with subordinates to achieve organizational goals. Because that way the managers / administrators will get a lot of help from the thoughts, enthusiasm and energy of their subordinates. � The educational work performed by the leaders effectively, as a continuum of planning and management, is: (1) managers discuss with their subordinates; (2) managers are assisted by subordinates; (3) managers are assisted by their subordinates to find the best way of solving problems; and (4) manager’s actions are approved by subordinates [24]. � Fiedler [25] calls this kind of work a situational model. A study shows that the organizational factors in which professionals work affect their personalities and professions. It goes on to say that professions and organizations promote their personality and autonomy as professionals. Only in a warm organizational climate will freedom of speech work well, namely the right of a professional to discover, teach and publish the truth as he sees it in his specialty. The life of a professional is not only seen in his independent activities and guaranteed freedom of speech, but also in the opportunity to pursue knowledge / knowledge regardless of popularity. � The characteristics of the activities of these professionals need to be supported by the educational organization atmosphere.
第四週
5. CONCLUSION� HRM is the process of utilizing human resources to achieve organizational goals. The results of this research conclude that the HRM process in schools is: (1) job analysis; (2) employee selection; (3) orientation and placement; (4) training; (5) mutation; (6) promotion; and (7) compensation. � Schools as educational institutions will easily achieve goals when they have human resources who have high competence and professionalism in carrying out their work. The principal as an education administrator has a strategic role in running the wheels of the school education organization.
第四週
Bird View� Human Resources Management �in Basic Education Schools�ABSTRACT�1. INTRODUCTION�2. METHOD�3. RESULT�3.1. Job Analysis�3.2. Employee Selection�3.3. Orientation and Placement�3.4. Training�3.5. Placement�3.6. Promotion�3.7. Compensation�4. DISCUSSION�5. CONCLUSION�REFERENCES
第四週
教育人力特質分析�韓愈--師說�第五週2022/1012
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
第五週
韓愈《師說》� 古之學者必有師。師者,所以傳道、受業、解惑也。� 人非生而知之者,孰能無惑?惑而不從師,其為惑也終不解矣!� � 生乎吾前,其聞道也,固先乎吾,吾從而師之;� 生乎吾後,其聞道也,亦先乎吾,吾從而師之。� 吾師道也,夫庸知其年之先後生於吾乎?� 是故無貴、無賤、無長、無少,道之所存,師之所存也。� � 嗟乎!師道之不傳也久矣!欲人之無惑也難矣!� 古 之聖人,其出人也遠矣,猶且從師而問焉;� 今之眾人,其下聖人也亦遠矣,而恥學於師。� 是故聖益聖,愚益愚。聖人之所以為聖,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出於此乎?� � 愛其子,擇師而教之,於其身也則恥師焉,惑矣!� 彼童子之師,授之書而習其句讀者也,非吾所謂傳其道、解其惑者也。� 句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學而大遺,吾未見其明也。
第五週
韓愈《師說》� 巫醫、樂師、百工之人,不恥相師;� 士大夫之族,曰師、曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。� 問之,則曰:「彼與彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛。」� 嗚乎!師道之不復可知矣!� 巫醫、樂師、百工之人,君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!� � 聖人無常師。� 孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其賢不及孔子。� 孔子曰:「三人行,則必有我師」。� 是故弟子不必不如師,師不必賢於弟子。聞道有先後,術業有專攻,如是而已。� � 李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六藝經傳,皆通習之。� 不拘於時,請學於余。� 余嘉其能行古道,作師說以貽之。
第五週
為什麼寫這一篇文章?� 唐代門第觀念深重,門第之家的子弟,不須依靠科舉考試,便可以進入士途,所以總是輕視道德學術,不肯虛心從師學習。這在當時形成了一種時尚,對於社會文化的傳承,造成了許多負面的影響,韓愈因此提倡師道,想要重振社會學習的風氣。� 大抵前四段以建設「師道」的理論為主,而後三段則從不同角度闡發的論證手段,包括古代的孔子、當代的李蟠,以及各行各業的工匠等,都有從師的必要。特意破解士大夫之族「恥學於師」的困惑。
第五週
古之學者必有師。師者,所以傳道、受業、解惑也。
人非生而知之者,孰能無惑?惑而不從師,其為惑也終不解矣!
生乎吾前,其聞道也,固先乎吾,吾從而師之;
生乎吾後,其聞道也,亦先乎吾,吾從而師之。
吾師道也,夫庸知其年之先後生於吾乎?
是故無貴、無賤、無長、無少,道之所存,師之所存也。
第一二段中,,就提出了「古之學者必有師」的論點,為同時代的讀書人樹立一個典範。緊接著又提出「傳道、授業、解惑」,對老師的職責、任務加以說明。最後又以「道之所存,師之所存」的觀點。」打破了傳統社會中,以貴者為師、長者為師的封閉觀念。
首段提出師道兩個重要的理念。一是「古之學者必有師」,肯定老師的重要地位,所謂「古之學者」,指的應該就是萬世師表的孔子,後文說明孔子還是有很多老師的。二是「師者,所以傳道、受業、解惑也」,指出老師的職責所在,主要有心傳、手授和口說三項指標,就是傳授道理,指示路向,解釋疑惑,由孔子到現代教育,老師的工作都離不開這三項基本特點。不過道理尤為最重要,值得學者注意。
第二段說明學習的動機在於「聞道」,目標則是「師道」,而有道者都是我們的老師。所以作者認為老師完全不受身分貴賤及年齡大小的限制,明確指出「道之所存,師之所存也」的觀點。
第五週
嗟乎!師道之不傳也久矣!欲人之無惑也難矣!
古 之聖人,其出人也遠矣,猶且從師而問焉;
今之眾人,其下聖人也亦遠矣,而恥學於師。
是故聖益聖,愚益愚。聖人之所以為聖,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出於此乎?
愛其子,擇師而教之,於其身也則恥師焉,惑矣!
彼童子之師,授之書而習其句讀者也,非吾所謂傳其道、解其惑者也。
句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學而大遺,吾未見其明也。
巫醫、樂師、百工之人,不恥相師;
士大夫之族,曰師、曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。
問之,則曰:「彼與彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛。」
嗚乎!師道之不復可知矣!
巫醫、樂師、百工之人,君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!
在第三、四、五段中,作者分別以「古之聖人--今之眾人」、「愛其子,擇師而教之,於其身也則恥師焉」、「巫醫、樂師、百工之人,不恥相師;士大夫之族,曰師、曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之」三組對照組,揭露一般社會士人的矛盾現象。在一正一反的例證當中,使文章充滿了力道的美感。
第三段哀歎「師道之不傳」,大家「恥學於師」,所以聖賢與愚昧各走極端,明確指出現實風氣的謬誤。
第四段指出很多人誤解老師的工作,以為讀書識字學習句讀而已;而作者重申「傳其道、解其惑」的才是他所說的老師。
第五段舉證,連巫醫、樂師和各類工匠都「不恥相師」,而士大夫之族卻訕笑傳道的老師,究竟準則何在,未免令人感到困惑。
第五週
聖人無常師。
孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其賢不及孔子。
孔子曰:「三人行,則必有我師」。
是故弟子不必不如師,師不必賢於弟子。聞道有先後,術業有專攻,如是而已。
第六段中,韓愈強調「聞道有先後、術業有專攻」的觀點,和首段的「道之所存,師之所存」相互呼應,再次強調:並非只有特定對象的人可以當老師,只要是德性高於我,術業高於我,都可以是我的老師,希望大家打開胸襟,廣泛學習,不要以向人求學問道為恥。
第六段論證「聖人無常師」的道理,孔子要學習不同的知識,自然會請教多方面的老師。同時也帶出不斷學習、終身學習的理念。
第五週
李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六藝經傳,皆通習之。
不拘於時,請學於余。
余嘉其能行古道,作師說以貽之。
最後一段,作者交代了寫作此文的動機和目的,看來和通篇主旨並無關聯之處,但卻使文章落到實點,使通篇議論有個收束,讓文氣前後貫串,一氣呵成。
第七段說明本文的寫作動機,就是為十七歲的李蟠寫的,他有兩項優點,一是「不拘於時」,二是「能行古道」,深感學習的需要,移風易俗,自然也是年輕人的榜樣了。
第五週
從師資培育演變�看教育人力資源管理�第六七週2022/1019&1026
助理教授:徐吉春
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
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計畫制 | 半計畫制 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
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儲備制 | 是 | 是 | 過度儲備 | 過度儲備 | 過度儲備 |
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教甄之總論與一分鐘自我介紹:
各縣市簡章、
平時練習、
與一分鐘自我介紹
作業準備
第九及第十週
集中實習
教學實習、教師資格檢定�一分鐘自我介紹�期中考�教甄之筆試、口試、試教�第十一二週2022/11231130
助理教授:徐吉春
國立臺中教育大學教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
集中實習心得分享
教學實習實習什麼
教師資格檢定時間與學校資源
一分鐘自我介紹重點
教甄-
審查資料準備
筆試
口試
試教
課前作業準備
實習
集中實習
教學實習
日益精進的實習智慧
實習
集中實習
教學實習
集中實習
實習
集中實習
教學實習
集中實習
連續兩週大家的心得與收穫
實習
集中實習
教學實習
教學實習
實習
集中實習
教學實習
教學實習
半學期
行政實習-教學總輔,還有呢?
教學實習
班級經營
其他還有什麼?
教師資格檢定
教師資格檢定
教師資格檢定
要讀哪些
學校的資料庫在哪裡有補習班嗎
其他還有什麼
一分鐘自我介紹
一分鐘自我介紹
一分鐘自我介紹
一分鐘大約多少字
自我介紹重點有哪些是否需要要事先準備是否因應縣市調整
是否因應地區調整
其他還有什麼?
一分鐘自我介紹
一分鐘自我介紹
「自我介紹」(因為這個時間口委會翻閱考生資料,構思待會要問的問題)。
自我介紹,建議兩個原則:「簡潔有力」、「展現優勢」。
把你希望口委特別問你的經歷(例如:人生特殊經驗、榮譽事蹟等)納入自我介紹,用簡潔明瞭的話語呈現,大約三十秒不超過一分鐘,最能讓口委專注地聽進去。
教甄
事前準備
資料審查
筆試
口試
試教
鯉躍龍門的教甄真經
前言
實習再累再忙也要撥空讀書,
有準備的人也許不能第一次就考上,
但我相信,
有準備的人可以儘早脫離教甄的痛苦!
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
事前準備
各縣市簡章
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
資料審查
報名資格及條件
1.合格教師證書且尚在有效期間者、
2.已通過高級中等以下學校及幼兒園教師資格考試,但尚未取得合格教師證書者,得准先持資格考試及格證明、修畢師資職前教育證明書及修習教育實習成績通過證明以切結方式參加甄選
3.非以原合格教師證登記類科報名者,得准先持師資培育機構教師證書送審證明文件,以切結方式(附件 1)參加甄選
4.報考原住民重點學校普通教師者
5.報考英語專長教師(含英語專長共聘)及雙語教師組者
6.報考專任輔導教師者
7.報考本土語(閩南語)專長教師【含本土語(閩南語)專長共聘】者
8.報考自然專長教師(含自然專長共聘)者
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
資料審查複試的手續與準備
複試階段通常都採取現場報名,需要檢驗身分證、畢業證書、教師證等證明文件,並繳交這些證書的影本。考季緊湊,可能一個禮拜就要跑許多地方報名。建議各位考生,把自己所有的證書影本都先準備個十來份,與正本一起歸檔,到時報名才不會手忙腳亂。
每一個地區當年度的考題,可能包含許多流行的新政策、新趨勢。
筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
初試--筆試
1.報名方式
2.報名及繳費時間
3.依系統欄位指示填入相關資料、上傳最近 3 個月內 2 吋正面半身脫帽證件照、身心障礙手冊或證明(尚在有效期間,無則免附);報考原住民重點學校普通教師者,應另上傳最近 3 個月內之戶籍謄本或新式戶口名簿(開具日期在 111 年 4月 1 日之後),或行政院原住民族委員會原住民族語言能力認證證書(無則免附),或曾獲教育部師鐸獎、教育部教學卓越金質獎或銀質獎、教育部教育實習績優獎之楷模獎獲獎證明文件,或國民小學學科知能評量證書之精熟級證書,登錄報名並列印報名表,依系統繳費說明辦理轉帳或臨櫃(限臺灣銀行)繳費
4.身心障礙應考人如需申請初試考場服務
5.初試報名費
6.自行至報名網站列印准考證,始完成報名手續
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
初試--筆試
題型、時間與科目
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
初試--筆試
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
一、教育專書的精讀
專書從頭到尾精讀一次,並且「把重要的內容製作成筆記」,所有的精華都在我的筆記裡頭。
這本精華筆記,隨時都可能新增內容,當我發現缺漏的理念或新穎的概念,就會加以補充。
如果你沒有,怎麼辦?
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
二、考古題
古題是循序漸進的,以教育科目來說,一天最多不會超過三百題。
過程中,沒把握的題目上做記號,幸運猜對,也要知道這題的觀念是自己沒把握的。
對完答案後,答錯的題目,翻閱精華筆記去找資料,或是上網去尋求解析。
另外提醒
不管是哪一個縣市的筆試,教育專業科目一定是占比最重,但是範圍那麼廣,根本沒有那麼多時間一本本專書拿出來研讀,所以平時上課打基礎以外,考前每年教檢跟各縣市的教甄考古題一定要做到熟,有發現不熟的理論就要去找資料鑽研,這不僅能找出自己不足之處,也能發現近年的出題趨勢,一舉兩得。
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
三、國文:國文跟教育專業相較之下範圍更廣,自己抓不到重點,所以我就輔以研讀「搶救國文大作戰」這本書,大致上可以掌握一半以上的分數,若心有餘力,可以再找一些古文來看一看,增加對古文的熟悉度。
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
四、數學:準備教甄數學時,我就把以前高中數學補習班的講義拿出來練習,恢復一些數學的敏感度,要記住數學這一科絕對要花時間親手計算,不能只有看看而已,否則考試時計算速度會慢別人很多。
如何準備筆試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
五、在實習這一年向各個出版社要一套課本,把課本看一看,還要買高中複習講義,把題目練習一次,準備的時間越早越好,上學期就應該開始充實自己的學科專業。
如何準備筆試
七、如果有申論題
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
有參考書否
教育專業申論題,偏向實務,都是實習的觀察與經驗,如何把這一年的教學經驗、指導老師講的話、學校的治校策略套用於回答上。
很重要的是:每一題都要寫,寫字的速度要快,每一題作答時間要分配(20鐘),隨時看一下手錶,寧可每一題篇幅不會很長,但每一題都兼顧到。
口試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
複試--口試
報名方式
報名時間
補件時間
報名、補件及資格審查地點
請攜帶下列各項證件正本、影本各 1 份,正本驗畢當場發還,影本須收繳備查,證件正本不齊或僅持證件影印本者
概不受理現場審查,並請事先將影本依下列順序裝訂成冊
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
複試--口試
1.複試報名表(僅須正本,應考人須簽名或蓋章)
2.國民身分證:
(1)一律使用國民身分證正本且不得以其他證件代替。
(2)各項繳驗證件與國民身分證上所載姓名、出生年月日有不符者,不得報名(更名者應附有更名記事之戶籍謄本正本佐證)。
3.合格教師證書,未具合格教師證書者應檢附下列各項證明資料之一:
(1)參加高級中等以下學校及幼兒園教師資格考試者,另檢附以修畢師資職前教育證明書、資格考試及格證明、修習教育實習成績通過證明。
(2)非以原合格教師證登記類科報名者,應另檢附師資培育機構教師證書送審證明文件。
(3)持 82 年 7 月 31 日前核發之合格教師證書報名者,須另檢附自教師證核發日期後迄今之服務證明文件。
4.初試成績單(請自行下載列印)。
5.切結書。
6.委託他人報名者,應繳驗複試報名委託書及受託人國民身分證或身分證明文件(附有照片足資證明身分之護照或全民健康保險卡或駕駛執照)。
7.政府核發尚在有效期間之身心障礙手冊或證明(無則免附)。
8.符合服務年資積分加分者,應繳驗最近 3 年內離職證明書(或服務證明書、在職證明書)正本,請務必加註服務成績優良,未加註者不予採計。
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
複試--口試
9.曾獲教育部師鐸獎、教育部教學卓越金質獎或銀質獎、教育部教育實習績優獎之楷模獎者,應檢附獲獎證明文件(複試報名審查時如未繳驗證書,扣除該項加分)。
10.符合持有國小學科知能評量證書之精熟級證書加分者,應繳驗國小學科知能評量證書之精熟級證書(複試報名審查時如未繳驗證書,扣除該項加分)。
11.報考原住民重點學校普通教師者,應繳驗最近 3 個月內之戶籍謄本或新式戶口名簿
(開具日期在 111 年 4 月 1 日之後)。
12.報考原住民重點學校普通教師且取得行政院原住民族委員會原住民族語言能力認證
證書,符合加分資格者,應繳驗行政院原住民族委員會原住民族語言能力認證證書。
(複試報名審查時如未繳驗證書,扣除該項加分)
13.報考英語專長教師(含英語專長共聘)及雙語教師組者,應繳驗符合資格之相關證明
【詳見本簡章參、報名資格及條件之二第(五)點】【持國外學歷證明者,需繳驗駐外
單位證件影本蓋章驗證學歷屬實文件及經主管教育行政機關認定具有國民小學教師
資格之證明文件】。
14.報考本土語(閩南語)專長教師【含本土語(閩南語)專長共聘】者,應繳驗教育部閩南
語認證中高級(含)以上證書或國立成功大學全民台語認證中高級(含)以上證書。
15.報考自然專長教師(含自然專長共聘)者,應繳驗符合資格之相關證明【詳見本簡章
參、報名資格及條件之二第(八)點】。
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
口試
如何準備口試
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
口試準備什麼
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
基本題,例如,
「自我介紹一分鐘」、
「為什麼要錄取你?」
等問題。
口試準備什麼自我介紹
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
口試題目,是有一定的脈絡可以依循。
如:要考生作簡短的「自我介紹」(因為這個時間口委會翻閱考生資料,構思待會要問的問題)。
自我介紹,建議兩個原則:「簡潔有力」、「展現優勢」。
把你希望口委特別問你的經歷(例如:人生特殊經驗、榮譽事蹟等)納入自我介紹,用簡潔明瞭的話語呈現,大約三十秒不超過一分鐘,最能讓口委專注地聽進去。
口試準備什麼
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
口試多半考驗的是在學校的危機處理能力,所以能作預先練習的就是把一些常遇到的班經問題整理成很漂亮的回答,如果剛好被口試委員問到類似的題目,就可以隨機應變答題,不要在考場才要臨時想答案,因為緊張的情緒會讓人腦袋一片空白,絕對說不出什麼好的內容。
口試準備什麼
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
卡內基式三折簡介。
實習返校實戰演練,過三關練習。
口試考古題。
請系所準備模擬題庫。
請各系指導教受在實習返校座談會時,讓每位實習老師口試模擬三題,模擬緊張的心情後,在真正口試時,比較不會緊張。
在進入口試試場,將檔案資料夾帶入,放在口試委員的桌上,並且告知委員們,請他們翻看,有的委員會看、有的不會看。記得,不見得要做得很多喔!
口試
每名應考人口試
時間為 ? 分鐘,
可不可以攜帶任何簡歷或資料
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教
1.每名應考人試教時間為 15 分鐘,應考人於試教前 15 分鐘抽籤決定試教單元,應考人除試教承辦單位所準備之教科書外,不可附教案及攜帶任何教具進場【音樂專長教師(含藝才班、音樂專長共聘)及雙語教師音樂專長組應考人可攜帶直笛】。
2.英語專長教師(含英語專長共聘)應考人口試全程以英語應答。
3.輔導專長教師試教範圍為個案輔導情境演練(試教前 15 分鐘現場抽籤決定演練情境,由本局遴聘專任專業輔導人員擔任個案)。
4.音樂專長教師(含藝才班、音樂專長共聘)及雙語教師音樂專長組應考人須考鋼琴曲目 1首(不計入試教時間),鋼琴彈奏完畢後,進行試教(得使用鋼琴)。鋼琴曲目於 111 年 5月 26 日(星期四)20 時公告於教育局網站,並請自備直笛應試。
5.雙語教師應考人試教及口試全程以英語教學及應答。
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教版本
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教
試教準備什麼
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教
實習時多爭取上台教學的機會。
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
大部分的考區給的試教時間是十或十五分鐘,建議大家都先準備十五分鐘的版本後,再考量哪些部份可以刪減。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教範圍的選擇是個學問,建議選擇這個單元最重要或較困難的觀念,難教又教得好更能讓人印象深刻。
最需要準備的是
幾年級的(第幾冊的)國小高年級國中二年級
利用實習時,蒐集不同版本的教科書。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
選擇的範圍呈現
選一個版本為基礎,寫出每一章節或單元寫的板書配置圖,包括使用哪一張海報、條列出幾個大標題、小標題,每一行板書字數大約四個字。
實際的教學歷程幾乎使用同樣的模式,每一章節用一張圖片或雜誌的報導作為引起動機,圖片以彩色為佳,發展活動為貼上海報、寫板書、講述,最後以學習單與課程預告作為綜合活動。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
選擇的範圍呈現以一個完整的主題,要比呈現某個片段或一部分段落更佳,因為從引起動機到教學內容到結尾複習,就會是一連貫有組織的活動。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教情境設定時,簡章上告知會有六名學生坐在教室中參與試教過程,或配合當前推動的「學習共同體」教學,會有六名學生在教室中坐成馬蹄型,請考生以學習共同體方式進行試教。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教口試時
善用LINE群組、臉書……
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
試教的過程「緊張」,茫茫人海中我們都是平凡人,但「站上講台教學,應該是我要認為最自信的時候!」把講台當成一個讓自己發光發熱、盡情表現的地方,讓享受取代緊張,就能克服失常。
試教前若能有自己實際演練的機會,或請朋友、老師在台下當聽眾,也是一個「練膽」的好方法。
如何準備試教
教甄
事前準備
資料審查、
筆試、
口試、
試教
碰到不能帶任何教具的縣市,怎麼辦?
考台中市不能攜帶任何教具,所以試教這一關就是把自己想好的教學流程跟有經驗的老師前輩討論好之後,不斷重複上台練習微調,直到完全熟悉為止。
教育人力資源管理�第十一二週2022/11231130�教學實習、教師資格檢定�一分鐘自我介紹�期中考�教甄之筆試、口試、試教
教育人力資源管理�第十一二週2022/11231130�教學實習、教師資格檢定�一分鐘自我介紹�期中考�教甄之筆試、口試、試教�雲端硬碟超連結�https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1CIh2M1ijLK3iei9V-xDiHqAPErX-NI5f/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=111568071630518283840&rtpof=true&sd=true
教甄之後-上榜、落榜�上榜之縣市、學校選擇�落榜之心理與實際安置�及�初任教師的輔導與評鑑�第十三週2022/1207
助理教授:徐吉春
國立臺中教育大學教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
這是一堂
與自己對話
與他人分享
的
自我人設訂位的準備
課前作業準備
教甄之後
-上榜、落榜
上榜之縣市、學校選擇
上榜之縣市選擇
上榜之學校選擇
落榜
之心理與實際安置
落榜之心理安置
落榜之實際安置
初任教師的
輔導與評鑑:
導師、專任與兼行政
導師、專任與兼行政
誰決定?
初任教師的輔導與評鑑:
導師
初任教師的輔導與評鑑:
專任
初任教師的輔導與評鑑:
兼行政
國立臺中教育大學教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
教育人力專業發展
與
教育人力績效考核�第十四五週2022/12141221
助理教授:徐吉春
教育人力專業發展:�專業進修成長、�遷調制度、�換發證照制度、�教師分級制�教育人力績效考核:�教師評鑑、�考核方式、�績效獎金、�不適任教師處理
課前作業準備
*教育人力專業發展:�專業進修成長、�遷調制度、�換發證照制度、�教師分級制
壹、專業進修成長
熱身�為導引我國師資培育與教師專業發展,教育部研訂 「終身學習的教師圖像」,其教師圖像包含哪三個向度?�(A)教育愛、專業力、未來力�(B)教育愛、專業力、創新力�(C)教育愛、專業力、責任心�(D)教育愛、專業力、關懷
壹、專業進修成長
壹、專業進修成長
一、教育部研訂
壹、專業進修成長
一、怎麼做
(一)教育部構思
壹、專業進修成長
一、怎麼做
(二)還有的做法
自己進修
學位進修:在職學位進修、留職停薪進修、停職停薪進修
學校指派進修
休假追星進修:夢N、網紅……
一、介聘辦法
貳、遷調制度
(一)全國性(介聘他縣市作業服務要點)
(二)縣市內介聘辦法
以台中市為例
https://lawsearch.taichung.gov.tw/GLRSout/LawContent.aspx?id=GL003141
一、介聘辦法
貳、遷調制度
(三)超額教師處理要點
1.超額教師積分表內容
一、介聘辦法
貳、遷調制度
(三)超額教師處理要點
3.超額教師處理要點,以台中市為例
一、介聘辦法
貳、遷調制度
(三)超額教師處理要點
4.各縣市超額教師要點比較
二、借調辦法
貳、遷調制度
(一)借調中央:
行政單位、輔導團
(二)跨縣市跨組織借調
(三)教育局處借調:
課程督學、借調教師、縣市輔導團
(四)他校兼課
叁、換發證照制度
分別依理論層次,策略層次與實踐層次論之:
一、理論層次
(一)排他性
教師證照制度具有排他性,當專業知識與技能失去理論基礎或無法讓取得者得以仰賴解決實踐問題,將會失去專業的信用基礎。
(二)政治性
教師證照制度存在著政府與教師之間的特殊關係,教師專業相較於其他專業職業具有獨特性,政府的中介對教師專業是一種保障,但也容易受政治左右。
(三)集體責任性
取得資格必須共同承擔責任,形塑專業認同,包括不斷學習、不斷精進知能等,而換證與進階證書的設置有助於具體化專業地位群體文化的維護。
叁、換發證照制度
分別依理論層次,策略層次與實踐層次論之:
二、策略層次
(一)獨占服務市場
政府保障教師的專業用以維護高教師素質,採取排他性的教師證照制度,在於讓取得師資培育具有難度,而具獨占性。設置各種取得條件的歷程,旨在讓取得教師資格者具有符合期待的知識與能力。
(二)審慎掌控教師證書授予數量
在多元師資培育模式下,政府必須關注教師證書的通膨與緊縮循環問題,證照制度必須具備其價值,以維繫社會及教師本身對專業地位之認同。
(三)設置專業知能基礎
教師證照制度如同其他專業職業之證照,需具備其學術深奧知識與技能,能讓持有證照者習得認知上的服務功能,並能掌握情境中的話語權與降低不確定性,致使教師專業知識與技能是教師證照的基礎。
叁、換發證照制度
分別依理論層次,策略層次與實踐層次論之:
三、實踐層次
(一)無論多元或單一培育模式,取得習得教師專業知識與技能的機會,應具有相當程度的難度,以確保證書價值。
(二)教師證照仰賴專業知識與技能的交換,取得證照的歷程必須能夠確保取得者的能力,其機制無論是筆試或真實評量,多元評量機制用以建立進入門檻,作為專業即是信任的保證。
(三)政府必須關注教師證照價值,避免證照通膨與緊縮的循環,避免有損以證照作為象徵專業地位的價值。
(四)取得教師證照後,教師必須展現專業群體地位文化,包括不斷學習、不斷精進教學專業知能、合作、溝通等專業人員應有的行為規範。
肆、教師分級制
各級教師定義如下:
一、 初級教師:
執行班級教學、班務經營等教學輔導工作,並按專業能力發展參與教材教法的改進與擔任導師工作,或擔任與專業能力相符之行政工作等。
二、 中堅教師:
除擔任初級教師所任工作外,應積極從事教材教法的設計與開發,並得擔任組長、主任、學科主任等校務行政工作。
三 專家教師:
除擔任中堅教師所任工作外,應積極從事課程與教學的研究並得擔任處室主任、學科主任等校務工作。
四 顧問教師:
除擔任專家教師所任工作外,應積極從事以教育革新相關議題的研究工作,並得擔任校長或參與學校改、教育實驗、社區資源整合等校務發展事項。
*教育人力績效考核:�教師評鑑、�考核方式、�績效獎金、�不適任教師處理
壹、教師評鑑
貳、考核方式
一、全國性中等學校以下教師成績考核辦法
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0150002
二、縣市教師成績考核辦法
以台中市為例
https://lawsearch.taichung.gov.tw/glrsout/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000398
貳、考核方式
三、學校層級教職員工成績考核辦法
實際運作
(一)教師
(二)職員
(三)工
(四)臨時約聘僱人員
(五)契約生效進駐人員
叁、績效獎金
一、考績獎金
二、年終獎金
三、他山之石
肆、不適任教師處理
一、不適任教師類別
(一)動員戡亂時期終止後,犯內亂、外患罪,經有罪判決確定。
(二)服公務,因貪污行為經有罪判決確定。
(三)犯性侵害犯罪防治法第二條第一項所定之罪,經有罪判決確定。
(四)經學校性別平等教育委員會或依法組成之相關委員會調查確認有性侵害行為屬實。
(五)經學校性別平等教育委員會或依法組成之相關委員會調查確認有性騷擾或性霸凌行為,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
(六)受兒童及少年性剝削防制條例規定處罰,或受性騷擾防治法第二十條或第二十五條規定處罰,經學校性別平等教育委員會確認,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
(七)經各級社政主管機關依兒童及少年福利與權益保障法第九十七條規定處罰,並經學校教師評審委員會確認,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
(八)知悉服務學校發生疑似校園性侵害事件,未依性別平等教育法規定通報,致再度發生校園性侵害事件;或偽造、變造、湮滅或隱匿他人所犯校園性侵害事件之證據,經學校或有關機關查證屬實。
(九)偽造、變造或湮滅他人所犯校園毒品危害事件之證據,經學校或有關機關查證屬實。
(十)體罰或霸凌學生,造成其身心嚴重侵害。
(十一)行為違反相關法規,經學校或有關機關查證屬實,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
肆、不適任教師處理
二、教師法第14及第15條
(一)第 14 條:解聘、不續聘、停聘及資遣
教師有下列各款情形之一者,應予解聘,且終身不得聘任為教師:
一、動員戡亂時期終止後,犯內亂、外患罪,經有罪判決確定。
二、服公務,因貪污行為經有罪判決確定。
三、犯性侵害犯罪防治法第二條第一項所定之罪,經有罪判決確定。
四、經學校性別平等教育委員會或依法組成之相關委員會調查確認有性侵害行為屬實。
五、經學校性別平等教育委員會或依法組成之相關委員會調查確認有性騷擾或性霸凌行為,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
六、受兒童及少年性剝削防制條例規定處罰,或受性騷擾防治法第二十條或第二十五條規定處罰,經學校性別平等教育委員會確認,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
七、經各級社政主管機關依兒童及少年福利與權益保障法第九十七條規定處罰,並經學校教師評審委員會確認,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
八、知悉服務學校發生疑似校園性侵害事件,未依性別平等教育法規定通報,致再度發生校園性侵害事件;或偽造、變造、湮滅或隱匿他人所犯校園性侵害事件之證據,經學校或有關機關查證屬實。
九、偽造、變造或湮滅他人所犯校園毒品危害事件之證據,經學校或有關機關查證屬實。
十、體罰或霸凌學生,造成其身心嚴重侵害。
十一、行為違反相關法規,經學校或有關機關查證屬實,有解聘及終身不得聘任為教師之必要。
教師有前項第一款至第三款規定情形之一者,免經教師評審委員會審議,並免報主管機關核准,予以解聘,不受大學法第二十條第一項及專科學校法第二十七條第一項規定之限制。
教師有第一項第四款至第六款規定情形之一者,免經教師評審委員會審議,由學校逕報主管機關核准後,予以解聘,不受大學法第二十條第一項及專科學校法第二十七條第一項規定之限制。
教師有第一項第七款或第十款規定情形之一者,應經教師評審委員會委員三分之二以上出席及出席委員二分之一以上之審議通過,並報主管機關核准後,予以解聘;有第八款、第九款或第十一款規定情形之一者,應經教師評審委員會委員三分之二以上出席及出席委員三分之二以上之審議通過,並報主管機關核准後,予以解聘。
肆、不適任教師處理
二、教師法第14及第15條
第 15 條:應予解聘
教師有下列各款情形之一者,應予解聘,且應議決一年至四年不得聘任為教師:
一、經學校性別平等教育委員會或依法組成之相關委員會調查確認有性騷擾或性霸凌行為,有解聘之必要。
二、受兒童及少年性剝削防制條例規定處罰,或受性騷擾防治法第二十條或第二十五條規定處罰,經學校性別平等教育委員會確認,有解聘之必要。
三、體罰或霸凌學生,造成其身心侵害,有解聘之必要。
四、經各級社政主管機關依兒童及少年福利與權益保障法第九十七條規定處罰,並經學校教師評審委員會確認,有解聘之必要。
五、行為違反相關法規,經學校或有關機關查證屬實,有解聘之必要。
教師有前項第一款或第二款規定情形之一者,應經教師評審委員會委員二分之一以上出席及出席委員二分之一以上之審議通過,並報主管機關核准後,予以解聘。
教師有第一項第三款或第四款規定情形之一者,應經教師評審委員會委員三分之二以上出席及出席委員二分之一以上之審議通過,並報主管機關核准後,予以解聘;有第五款規定情形者,應經教師評審委員會委員三分之二以上出席及出席委員三分之二以上之審議通過,並報主管機關核准後,予以解聘。
肆、不適任教師處理
三、教育部不適任教師審查原則
https://edu.law.moe.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL002061
學校教師有疑似教師法第十四條第一項第十二款體罰或霸凌學生 ,造成其身心嚴重侵害之情事,依下列流程辦理:
(一)察覺期:
1.主管教育行政機關(以下簡稱主管機關)或學校接獲投訴或主動發現後四十八小時內,由校長邀集教師會、家長會及行政人員等代表研商是否成立調查小組,主動進行查證,並將處理結果向主管機關通報。
2.前目調查小組由教師會、家長會及行政人員代表組成,必要時得邀請學者專家或社會公正人士。調查時並得徵詢班級家長代表及相關人員意見。
3.調查期程以十四日內為原則,至多不得超過三十日。
(二)評議期:
經查證屬實者,學校應於五日內提教師評審委員會(以下簡稱教評會)審議,於作成解聘、停聘或不續聘之決議後,學校應自決議作成之日起十日內,檢附教評會會議紀錄、具體事實表及相關資料等,報主管機關核准,並同時以書面附理由通知當事人。
肆、不適任教師處理
四、不適任教師處理流程圖
肆、不適任教師處理
五、不適任教師處理機制
教育人力專業發展:�專業進修成長、�遷調制度、�換發證照制度、�教師分級制�教育人力績效考核:�教師評鑑、�考核方式、�績效獎金、�不適任教師處理
下課前複習
國立臺中教育大學教育學系教四甲
教育人力資源管理
教育人力情緒
與
教育人力升遷�第十五六週2022/1221&1228
助理教授:徐吉春
教育人力情緒�工作設計�壓力�韌性�滿意度�薪酬�與�教育人力升遷�平凡教師�教師王�組長�主任�校長
課前作業準備
*教育人力情緒:�工作設計�壓力�韌性(抗壓性)�滿意度�薪酬
*教育人力情緒:�工作設計�合班導師:教學班級經營突發其他�專任:教學班級經營突發其他�兼行政:教學班級經營突發其他
*教育人力情緒:�壓力�升學輔導�生活輔導�學習績效�其他
教育人力情緒�韌性(抗壓性)�
課前作業準備
教育人力情緒�滿意度�學校�家長�學生�社會�同事�自己�家人�其他
課前作業準備
教育人力情緒�薪酬�月薪�年終獎金�考績獎金�其他�
課前作業準備
*教育人力升遷:�平凡教師�教師王�組長�主任�校長
*教育人力升遷:�平凡教師王
*教育人力升遷:�教師王
*教育人力升遷:�組長
*教育人力升遷:�主任
*教育人力升遷:�校長
教育人力情緒�工作設計�壓力�韌性�滿意度�薪酬�與�教育人力升遷�平凡教師�教師王�組長�主任�校長
下課前複習
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