� CLASS :X�� TENSES�� By: Mrs.Kusuma.C.Hiremath� TGT English� JNV Yadgiri, Karnataka�
Tenses
While swimming, he broke his tooth.
Tenses-VERB FORMS
Present | Past | Past Participle | Present Participle |
V-1 | V-2 | V-3 | -ing |
play(s) | played | played | playing |
drive(s) | drove | driven | driving |
eat (s) | ate | eaten | eating |
go(es) | went | gone | going |
cut(s) | cut | cut | cutting |
Tense comes from Latin word ‘Tempus’ which means “Time”
TENSE
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
Simple 🡪 States an action
Perfect 🡪 Action completed
Continuous/ 🡪 Action going on
Progressive
Perfect 🡪 Action started earlier but still
Continuous going on
| Simple |
Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous |
Present | simple present
| present continuous | present perfect | present perfect continuous |
Past | simple past | past continuous | past perfect | past perfect continuous |
Future | simple future | future continuous | future perfect | future perfect continuous |
ALL TENSES
The following table shows the different forms of Simple Present
I/We/You/They+ V1+ object.
He/She/It +V1s/es +object.
I/We/You/They+do not + V1+ object.
He/She/It + does not +V1 +object.
Do/Does + subject + V1 +object + ?
Wh-family +do/does + subject +V1 + object + ?
Simple Present is used to express things happening in the present
e.g. She teaches in a private school.
express a habitual action
e.g. I wake up at five daily.
express a universal truth
e.g. The Sun rises in the east�
Simple Present
I drink milk every morning
🡨--------X X X------------!---------X X X---------🡪
Past now future
Express subordinate clause if the principal � clause is the Simple Future � e.g. If she prepares well, she will score � good marks.�� Used in commentaries for sports � e.g. Martin passes the ball, kicks it, Ah! It is a goal.
Key time words that are generally used for simple present�
Always, often, usually, regularly, often, everyday, rarely, scarcely,
(once, twice, three times a day,
a week, a month, a year), daily,
weekly, monthly, yearly.
General facts.
The following table shows the different forms of Present Continuous
subject+ is/am/are+v1+-ing +object.
subject+ is/am/are+not +v1+-ing +object.
is /am/are+subject+v1+-ing +object+?
Present Continuous/ Progressive :
�It is used to
🡪 indicate an action that is taking place at
the moment of speaking� e.g. I am teaching grammar.
🡪 express an activity happening around but not
necessarily at that moment.
e.g. Ganesh is studying very hard for his exams
these days.
🡪 express activities happening in the near future
especially a planned future event.
e.g. I am attending the meeting.
I am teaching grammar now
🡨--------------------!------------------🡪
Past now future
�Do all verbs have continuous/progressive form?�
No!
Verbs referring to mental states(emotions) like know, love, want, feel, desire……, the senses like smell, taste, see……. Don’t have continuous/progressive form
e.g. I am respecting you. (incorrect)
I respect you. . (correct)
My son loves to draw and paint. (correct)
My son is loving to draw and paint. (incorrect)
Present Continuous/ Progressive�
�Key words / phrases
now, right now, at the moment,
(this week, month, semester, term, season, year), today, look, listen, be careful, be quiet,
Forms of Present Perfect
Affirmative Sentences:
Subject+ have/has+ v3 +object.
Negative Sentences:
Subject+ have/has+ not+ v3 +object.
Interrogative Sentences:
Have/ Has+subject+v3 +object+?
Present Perfect
�� It is used to
used with ‘just
e.g. The train has just arrived.
e.g. I have stopped smoking.� �
I have finished my home work
🡨--------------------------X---!-----------------------🡪
Past now future
Words often used with the Present Perfect tense are :
Yet, so far, never, ever, already, since, just ,
just now , several times
Forms of Present Perfect Continuous
Affirmative Sentences: Subject+have/has+been+v1+ing+object.
Negative Sentences: Subject+have/has+not+been+v1+ing+ object.
Interrogative Sentences: Have/ Has+subject+been+v1+ing+object+?
Present Perfect Continuous :
🡪It is used to
e.g. I have been teaching since 9-00 a.m.
🡨--------------------!------------------🡪
past now future
a short while ago.
e.g. Sagar has been watching TV
for two hours.
🡨--------------------!------------------🡪
Past now future
Words often used with the Present Perfect Continuous ��since/for �� since : suggests the “point of time”�for : suggests the “period of time”�
The following table shows the different forms of Simple Past
Affirmative Sentences:
Subject + V2 + object.
Negative Sentences:
Subject + did not +V1+ object.
Interrogative Sentences:
Did + subject +V1 +object + ?
Wh-family +did+ subject +V1 + object + ?
Simple Past :
It is used to
express an action that was completed at a
definite point in the past.
e.g. Yesterday, she visited her aunt.
express a past habit or routine.
e.g. He used to eat with his left hand when
he was young.�
I drank coffee yesterday.
You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these�
The following table shows the different forms of Past Continuous
Subject + was /were +v1+ing+object.
Subject +was /were+not+v1 +ing +object.
Was/ Were+subject +v1+ing +object+?
Past Continuous/ Progressive
It is used to :
express an action in progress before the moment of speaking.
e.g. It was pouring heavily at 6 o’clock this morning.
express when two actions were going on
simultaneously in the past.
e.g. While I was playing, my sister was studying.
I was drinking coffee when I got a phone call
🡨--------------------------!----------------------🡪
Past now future
��Forms of Past Perfect�
Subject + had+ v3+ object.
Subject + had+ not + v3+ object.
Had+ subject +v3+object ?
Past Perfect :
It is used to
describe an action which was completed just before or sometime before the second action in the past.
e.g. He had done his duty before the next shift started.
�
My mother had cooked before I woke up.
🡨----x x----------------!------------------🡪
Past now future
Forms of Past Perfect Continuous
Subject+had+ not +been+v1+ing+object.
Had +subject+been+v1+ing+object?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
It is used to
Express an action that was finished at some definite time in the past but which had been going on before it was finished or had recently finished.
e.g. Suresh had been working in this bank since he came to Dharwad.
The following table shows the different forms of Simple Future
Affirmative Sentences:
Subject + shall/will + V1+ object.
Negative Sentences:
He/She/It +shall/will not +V1+ object.
Interrogative Sentences:
Shall/Will + subject V1 +object + ? Wh-family +shall/will + subject +V1 + object + ?
Simple Future
It is used to :
describe an action that will take place in the future.
e.g. I shall see you shortly.
He will win the match.
express announcements of future plans and weather forecast.
The flood water will continue to recede now.
�Words often used with the Simple Future are�
tomorrow, next
The following table shows the different forms of Future Continuous
Shall/Will +subject+be+v1+ing+object?
Future Continuous Tense:
It is used with a point of time.
It expresses an action that will be going on at
the time of speaking.
e.g. I shall be giving a lecture on Google
Meet tomorrow.
Forms of Future Perfect
Affirmative Sentences:
Subject+ shall/will+ have+ v3+ object.
Negative Sentences:
Subject+ shall/ will+ not + have+ v3+ object.
Interrogative Sentences: Shall/Will+subject+have+v3+object+ ?
Future Perfect �
It is used to
Express an action that will have been completed in the future by a certain time.
e.g. By tomorrow, I shall have bought the new mobile.
Forms of Future Perfect Continuous
Subject+shall/will +have been+v1+ing +object.
Subject+shall/will + not +have been+v1+ing +object.
Will/Shall +subject+ have been +v1+ing object ?
Future Perfect Continuous :
It is used to
denote an action that will be finished at some definite time in the future, but which had been going on before it was finished.
e.g. He will have been celebrating his birthday tomorrow this time.
TENSES in different type of sentences